Leed Modeling

LEED 2009 Modeling and Energy Savings Certification Changes

LEED 2009 Credit Weighting LEED Credit Weighting Tool Impact Category x Activity Group x Association = Credit Weight

LEED 2009 Certification Thresholds Certified: 40–49 points Silver: 50–59 points Gold: 60–79 points Platinum: 80+ points

LEED 2009 NC Scorecard 2.2 2009 Sustainable Sites 14 26 Water Efficiency 5 10 Energy & Atmosphere 17 35 Material & Resources 13 14 Indoor Environmental Quality 15 15 Innovation & Design Process 5 6 Regional Bonus 4 Total points available 69 110

Certification Changes Being performed by the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) Responsible for Project certification Accreditation www.gbci.org

“Legacy” LEED Accredited Professionals Become “Legacy LEED AP” Do not have to retake the exam Must agree to the Code of Ethics To remain active as of June 2011: Fee waived if you “opt in” Biennial training requirements: 30 hours (minimum 6 LEED specific) Inactive can still use LEED AP title, but will not be in active directory

Credentials Three Tiers All required to agree to disciplinary policy and credentialing maintenance guidelines Maintenance May use same credentialing hours as for (e.g.) PE, AIA Credit for speaking and conferences

Tier 1: LEED Green Associate Demonstrate involvement in support of LEED projects Be employed in sustainable field or engaged in green education Submit to application audit Examination of basic information across all LEED products Biennial maintenance: 15 hours Minimum 3 LEED specific

Tier 2: LEED Accredited Professional In-depth knowledge in a particular field

Particular Rating Systems for LEED AP Commercial Design & Construction Operations & Maintenance Interiors Residential Design & Construction Neighborhood Development

Tier 2: LEED Accredited Professional In-depth knowledge in a particular field Demonstrate professional experience on at least one LEED project Document work on a LEED project within the last 3 years Examination of specific LEED product Biennial maintenance: 30 hours Minimum 6 LEED specific

Tier 3: LEED AP Fellow Major contribution to the standards of practice and body of knowledge for achieving continuous improvement in the green building field Peer review of project portfolio

Project Certification Announced July 29, 2008 10 certification bodies GBCI Developed ISO compliant certification process Began administering January 2009 Allows USGBC to focus on LEED

LEED 2009 Modeling and Energy Savings Prerequisite Update

Energy and Atmosphere (EA) 1: Fundamental commissioning of building energy systems 2: Minimum energy performance 3: Fundamental refrigerant management Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) 1: Minimum IAQ performance 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke control Water Efficiency (WE) 1: Water Use Reduction Sustainable Sites (SS) 1: Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Materials & Resources (MR) 1: Storage & Collection of Recyclables Prerequisite

LEED NC 2009 : EAp2 Minimum Energy Performance Option 1: performance compliance path Mandatory provision (5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, and 10.4) Baseline building complies with Appendix G Building PRM 10% better than 90.1-2007 for new construction, 5% better for existing building Option 2: prescriptive compliance path ASHRAE AEDG for small office buildings 2004 ASHRAE AEDG for small retail buildings 2006 ASHRAE AEDG for small warehouses and self-storage buildings 2008 Option 3: prescriptive compliance path Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide

Mandatory provision (5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, and 10.4) Prescriptive requirement (5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 9.5) Baseline building complies with Appendix G Building Performance Rating Method (PRM) 14% better than 90.1-2004 for new construction, 7% better for existing building Major Changes : EAp2 Minimum Energy Performance Mandatory provision (5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, and 10.4) Baseline building complies with Appendix G Building PRM 10% better than 90.1-2007 for new construction, 5% better for existing building NC 2.2 Option 1: 90.1-2004 NC 2009 Option 1: 90.1-2007

ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide (AEDG) for small office buildings 2004 Major Changes : EAp2 Minimum Energy Performance ASHRAE AEDG for small office buildings 2004 ASHRAE AEDG for small retail buildings 2006 ASHRAE AEDG for small warehouses and self-storage buildings 2008 NC 2.2 Option 2: prescriptive compliance path NC 2009 Option 2: prescriptive compliance path

Major Changes : EAp2 Minimum Energy Performance NC 2.2 No option 3 NC 2009 Option 3: prescriptive compliance path Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide

Major Changes: EQp1 Minimum IAQ Performance Sections 4 through 7 Mechanical ventilation systems design using ventilation rate procedure or the applicable local code, whichever is more stringent Nature ventilated buildings shall comply with ASHRAE 62.1-2004, paragraph 5.1 Sections 4 through 7 Mechanical ventilation systems design using ventilation rate procedure or the applicable local code, whichever is more stringent Nature ventilated buildings shall comply with ASHRAE 62.1-2007, paragraph 5.1 NC 2.2 62.1-2004 NC 2009 62.1-2007

Major Changes: WEp1 Water Use Reduction Energy Policy Act 1992 Energy Policy Act 1995 Uniform Plumbing Code or International Plumbing Code of 2006 NC 2.2 none NC 2009 20% water use reduction

Sustainable Sites (SS) 2.2 2009 1: Site Selection 1 1 2: Development Density & Community 1 5 Connectivity 3: Brownfield Redevelopment 1 1 4.1: Alternative Transportation: Public 1 6 Transportation Access 4.2: Alternative Transportation: Bicycle 1 1 Storage & Changing Rooms 4.3: Alternative Transportation: Low 1 3 Emitting & Fuel Efficient Vehicles 4.4: Alternative Transportation: Parking 1 2 Capacity Credits

Sustainable Sites (SS) 2.2 2009 5.1: Site Development: Protect or Restore 1 1 Habitat 5.2: Site Development: Maximize Open 1 1 Space 6.1: Stormwater Design: Quantity Control 1 1 6.2: Stormwater Design: Quality Control 1 1 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non-Roof 1 1 7.2: Heat Island Effect: Roof 1 1 8: Light Pollution Reduction 1 1 Credits

Materials & Resources (MR) 2.2 2009 1.1: Building Reuse: Maintain Existing 2 3 Walls, Floors & Roof 1.2: Building Reuse: Maintain 50% of 1 1 Interior Non-Structural Elements 2.1: Construction Waste Management: 1 1 Divert 50% From Disposal 2.2: Construction Waste Management: 1 1 Divert 75% From Disposal 3.1: Materials Reuse: 5% 1 1 3.2: Materials Reuse: 10% 1 1 Credits

Materials & Resources (MR) 2.2 2009 4.1: Recycled Content: 10% (post- 1 1 consumer + ½ pre-consumer) 4.2: Recycled Content: 20% (post- 1 1 consumer + ½ pre-consumer) 5.1: Regional Materials: 10% Extracted, 1 1 Processed & Manufactured Regionally 5.2: Regional Materials: 20% Extracted, 1 1 Processed & Manufactured Regionally 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials 1 1 7: Certified Wood 1 1 Credits

LEED 2009 Modeling and Energy Savings ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Major Addenda

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Change Envelope Addenda as: Modifies opaque envelope requirements at: Modifies fenestration (glass) requirements

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Change Section 6: HVAC Equipment Efficiencies Raised an: Boiler efficiencies 18 trillion Btu of gas or oil annually as stock turns F: Three-phase air-cooled AC and heat pumps 2.3 quads by 2035 g: Air-cooled AC and heat pumps 1.05 quads by 2035

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 change ASHRAE 62.1 Reference Changed from 62.1-1999 to 62.1-2004 Ventilation rates changed Now based on summation of rates per person and per area

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Change Mandatory HVAC Provisions Ventilation: High Occupancy Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) required for Spaces > 500 ft2 and design occupancy > 40 people/1000 ft²: (was 3000 cfm and 100 people/1000 ft 2 )

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Change Off-Hour Controls Exception was deleted for HVAC systems serving hotel/motel guest rooms

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Change Prescriptive HVAC Requirements Air System Design & Control Fan system power limitation: Applies to systems > 5 hp Option Constant volume Variable volume 1) Nameplate hp hp ≤ CFMs x 0.0011 hp ≤ CFMs x 0.0015 2) System bhp bhp ≤CFMs x 0.00094 + A bhp ≤CFMs x 0.0013 + A

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Change Fan Power Limitation Pressure Drop Adjustment A = Σ (PD x CFM design / 4131) PD specified for Ducts Filters Gas-phase air cleaners Heat recovery devices Sound attenuation sections Other devices

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Change Prescriptive HVAC Requirements Air System Design & Control VAV fan control Motors ≥ 10 hp require one of the following: Variable-speed drive Vane axial fan with variable-pitch blades Design wattage ≤ 30% at 50% air volume DDC systems must include setpoint reset (fan-pressure optimization) (was 15 hp)

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 change Lighting Addenda ai: retail display lighting Gives lighting designers flexibility

EA Credit Redistribution 100 69 Rating system total 35.0% 35 24.6% 17 EA Section 2.0% 2 1.4% 1 Green Power 6 3.0% 3 1.4% 1 Measurement and verification 5 2.0% 2 1.4% 1 Enhanced Refrigerant Management 4 2.0% 2 1.4% 1 Enhanced Commissioning 3 7.0% 7 4.3% 3 On-site renewable energy 2 19.0% 19 14.5% 10 Optimize Energy Performance 1 Max % Maximum points Max % Maximum points LEED 2009 LEED NC Description Credit

Minor Changes, EAc3, 4, 6 (with the exception of credit points available) All purchases of green power shall be based on the quantity of energy consumed, not the cost Green Power No changes Enhanced Refrigerant Management No changes Enhanced Commissioning

Significant EA Changes EAc1 – Optimize Energy Performance EAc2 – On-Site Renewable Energy EAc5 – Measurement and Verification

EAc1 – Prescriptive Option 1 ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides (1 point) Offices < 20,000 ft 2 Retail < 20,000 ft 2 Small Warehouses < 50,000 ft 2 K-12 Schools < 200,000 ft 2 www.ashrae.org/technology/page/938#completed Available at no charge

EAc1 – Prescriptive Option 1 ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides Recommendations by Climate Zone (Must follow all for LEED EAc1) Envelope Lighting HVAC Service Water Heating

Another Option ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides K-12 AEDG: Savings compared to 90.1-2004 At least 30% Daylighting, but not high efficiency lighting, 30%–45% High efficiency lighting but not daylighting, 24%–41% Follow the recommendations, but model the project May achieve significantly more than 1 credit point

EAc1 – Prescriptive Option 2 Core Performance Guide Offices, school, public assembly, retail under 100,000 ft 2 NOT health care, warehouses or laboratory projects www.advancedbuildings.net/publications.htm

EAc1 – Prescriptive Option 2 Core Performance Guide Section 1 Design Intent Communicating Design Intent Building Configuration Mechanical System Design Acceptance Testing Operating Training and Documentation Performance Data Review Section 2 IAQ Below Grade Insulation Envelope Lighting Mechanical System Design, Control, and Mechanical Performance Domestic Hot Water

Operator Training and Documentation Documentation – Similar to 90.1-2007 Completion Requirement Operator Training

Core Performance Guide Lighting Whole building lighting power densities the same as 90.1-2007…but “ The lighting power densities contained in this table include allowances for video-display terminals, decorative lighting, and display lighting. Additional lighting power is not allowed for these uses. Task lighting is not included in these connected LPD limits.”

Lighting Power Density Comparison 1.3 Including display lighting 1.5 Plus display lighting Retail 1.6 Including decorative lighting 1.6 Up to 1.0 additional decorative Family Dining Core Performance Guide (W/ft 2 ) 90.1-2007 (W/ft 2 ) Building Type

Examples Core Performance Guide Mechanical Efficiency 0.55 kW/ton 0.400 IPLV 0.576 kW/ton 0.549 IPLV (as of 1/1/2010) 0.590 kW/ton 0.400 IPLV >600 tons Variable Speed centrifugal chiller 0.550 kW/ton 0.510 IPLV 0.576 kW/ton 0.549 IPLV (as of 1/1/2010) 0.570 kW/ton 0.539 IPLV >600 tons Constant Speed centrifugal chiller 1.2 kW/ton 1.0 IPLV 1.26 kW/ton 1.15 IPLV All Air-cooled chiller 10.5 EER 10.9 IPLV 10.0 EER 9.7 IPLV 20 tons Rooftop CPG 90.1-2007 Size Category

Core Performance Guide EAC1 – Prescriptive One point for each three additional strategies (maximum of 2 additional pts) Except: Cool roofs, Night Venting, Additional Commissioning Enhanced Performance Strategies Daylighting and control Additional lighting power reduction Plug loads/appliance efficiency 14 available strategies www.advancedbuildings.net/publications.htm

EAC1 – Modeling Up to 19 points 19 44% 48% 18 42% 46% 17 40% 44% 16 38% 42% 15 36% 40% 14 34% 38% 13 32% 36% 12 30% 34% 11 28% 32% 10 26% 30% 9 24% 28% 8 22% 26% 7 20% 24% 6 18% 22% 5 16% 20% 4 14% 18% 3 12% 16% 2 10% 14% 1 8% 12% Points Existing Building Renovations New Buildings

EAC2 – On-Site Renewable Energy Reduce building energy use first Same size renewable system becomes more cost effective 7 13% 6 11% 5 9% 4 7% 3 5% 2 3% 1 1% Points % Renewable Energy*

EAc5 – Measurement and Verification Same requirements as NC v2.2 with one addition… “ Provide a process for corrective action to ensure energy savings are realized if the results of the M&V plan indicate that energy savings are not being achieved.”

EA Section Summary 35% of possible 100 points Increased focus on energy Project Renewables Measurement and verification Significant rewards for exemplary buildings

LEED 2009 Modeling and Energy Savings ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 Major Addenda

ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 Incorporates addenda a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h to 62.1-2004 62.1 2007 Change

ASHRAE 62.1 -2007 Change Addendum b: Airstream & Space Type Revisions Employee Locker Rooms, Kitchenettes, and Private toilet/bath now have minimum exhaust rates (Table 6-4) New occupancy categories with minimum exhaust rates (Table 6-4) Science Laboratories – new class. for min breathing zone rate (Table 6-1) “ Other Space Types” now have min breathing zone rates (Table 6-1)

ASHRAE 62.1 -2007 Change Addendum g: ETS Areas & ETS-Free Areas Separation of ETS and ETS-free areas Separation via pressurization and air-tightness Limiting air transfer and recirculation of ETS areas ETS are signage requirements

ASHRAE 62.1 -2007 Change Addendum h: Residential Space Requirements Deleted tables E-2 & E-3 from Normative Appendix E Residential spaces added to Table 6-1 ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2004 residential ventilation rates differ from those in addendum h

Significant EQ Changes 2.0% 2 2.9% 2 Thermal Comfort 7.1-7.2 2.0% 2 2.9% 2 Controllability of Systems 6.1-6.2 100 69 Rating System Total 15.0% 15 21.7% 15 EQ Section 2.0% 2 2.9% 2 Daylight & Views 8.1-8.2 1.0% 1 1.45% 1 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control 5 4.0% 4 5.8% 4 Low-Emitting Materials 4.1-4.4 2.0% 2 2.9% 2 Construction IAQ Manage. Plan 3.1–3.2 1.0% 1 1.45% 1 Increased Ventilation 2 1.0% 1 1.45% 1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitor. 1 Max % Maximum credits Max % Maximum credits LEED 2009 LEED NC 2.2 Description Credit

EQ Changes – Credits 1 & 2 No changes to credit points Credit requirements referencing 62.1-2004 now reference 62.1-2007 Credit 1 – Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring Credit 2 – Increased Ventilation

Significant WE Changes 4.0% 4 N/A 40% Reduction 3.3 3.0% 3 2.9% 2 30% now 35% Reduction 3.2 100 69 Rating System Total 10.0% 10 7.2% 5 WE Section 2.0% 2 1.45% 1 20% now 30% Reduction 3.1 2 to 4 1 to 2 Water Use Reduction 3 2.0% 2 1.45% 1 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 2 2.0% 2 1.45% 1 Water Efficient Landscaping, No Potable Use or No Irrigation 1.2 2.0% 2 1.45% 1 Water Efficient Landscaping, Reduce by 50% 1.1 Max % Maximum credits Max % Maximum credits LEED 2009 LEED NC 2.2 Description Credit

Possible Responses to LEED 2009 Changes Energy has become more important Focus on efficient system design, control and operation Condensate reclamation Your LEED tools may need to change

LEED 2009 Modeling and Energy Savings EAc1 Modeling: Option 1 – Whole Building Energy Simulation

Whole Building Simulation Section G2.2.1 of Standard 90.1-2007 lists eight (8) criteria as requirements for an acceptable modeling tool Section G2.2.4 of Standard 90.1-2007 states that a simulation program shall be tested per ASHRAE Standard 140

LEED Sections and Points (NC 2009) Innovation & Design Total Available Points Regional Priority Indoor Environ. Quality Materials and Resources Energy and Atmosphere Water Efficiency Sustainable Sites Design Category Possible Points Blue indicates categories TRACE can be used with and the total possible points that can be obtained 6 110 4 15 14 35 10 26 40 1 31 8

Full Year, 8,760 Hour Analysis

90.1 Minimally Compliant Equipment Library Over 160 library members including fans, heating equipment, cooling equipment, and heat rejection equipment

Automatic Features for LEED G3.1.2.9 - System Fan Power Calculation Baseline Building Rotation

Daylighting, cont. EQc 8.1 - Daylight 75% of Spaces Option 2 – Daylight Simulation Model Minimum of 25 footcandles achieved in at least 75% of occupied spaces Under clear sky, at noon on the equinox and at 30” above the floor

Thermal Storage, cont. Engineers Newsletter: Ice storage as part of a LEED® building design, volume 36-3, 2007.

LEED 2009 Modeling and Energy Savings Segue

Water Consumption Cooling Tower water usage and Cooling Coil Condensate recovery

Water Consumption Marley cooling tower make-up usage calculation 0.04 12 0.06 10 0.08 8 0.13 6 0.18 5 0.25 4 0.4 3 Blowdown (% of cooling tower gpm) Number of concentrations

Enhanced Capabilities Hot-Water Supply Temperature Reset

Enhanced Capabilities, cont. Supply Air Temperature Reset

Enhanced Capabilities, cont. Hot gas reheat for dehumidification

Enhanced Capabilities, cont. ASHRAE Standard 62.1 report

Humidity Control? UFAD, Chilled Beams, DV…

Energy Saving Strategies for LEED - ENL

Canada Green Building Council Ballots Passed Late 2008 or Early 2009 LEED Canada for Homes http://www.cagbc.org/uploads/Homes_ENG.pdf March release of the Reference Guide LEED Canada for Existing Buildings http://www.cagbc.org/uploads/EBOM_formatted_ENG.pdf LEED Canada for New Construction v 2.0 http://www.cagbc.org/uploads/LEED_NC_English_FINAL.pdf

LEED Canada Updates Enhanced Refrigerant Management Now use the same method as USGBC Homes – EA 11 EBOM – EA Credit 5 NC Version 2.0 – EA Credit 4

LEED Canada Updates Enhanced Refrigerant Management Summary Credit is achieved if no refrigerant is used If refrigerant is used the method: Balances refrigerant global warming and ozone depletion potentials Requires calculation for all refrigerants (R-22, R134a, R-123, R-410a, R407c) If project calculation is ≤ 100 the credit is earned “ Select HVAC&R equipment with reduced refrigerant charge and increased equipment life.” http://www.trane.com/Commercial/Uploads/XLS/891/EAc4Calculator_LEEDV2-2.xls

LEED 2009 LEED is gaining momentum More harmonization and easier to understand Higher performance buildings

Watch Past Broadcasts ENL Archives Insightful topics on HVAC system design: Chilled-water plants Air distribution Refrigerant-to-air systems Control strategies Industry standards and LEED Energy and the environment Acoustics Ventilation Dehumidification www.trane.com/bookstore

Leed Modeling

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