Lesson-2. artap - basic assumptions, functions, philosophies and nature of art
- 1. Basic Assumptions, Functions, Philosophies and Nature of Art
- 2. Objectives • Clarify misconceptions about art • Characterize the assumptions of the arts • Describe the functions and philosophy of art •Explain and discuss the basic philosophical perspectives on the art; •Realize the function of some art forms in daily life, and; •Apply concepts and theories on beauty and aesthetics in real-life scenarios. At the end of the session, students are expected to:
- 3. Basic Assumptions of Art What people think art is.
- 4. Basic Assumptions of Art ART IS UNIVERSAL. ART IS NOT NATURE. ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE.
- 5. • Art is universal. FLORANTE AT LAURA, 1838 F. BALAGTAS IBONG ADARNA, 1941 J. DELA CRUZ
- 6. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF ART 1.1 Art has always been timeless and universal, spanning generations and continents through and through. 1.2 Misconception: Oftentimes, people feel that what is considered artistic are only those which have been made long time ago. 1.3 Age is never a factor in determining art. Art is not good because it is old, but old because it is good (Dudley et al., 1960). • Art is Universal.
- 7. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF ART 1.4 Works made by artists (such as Rizal and Balagtas) are not being read because they are old. These pieces are read and have remained with us because they are good. 1.5 Artworks are liked because they meet people's needs and desires. E.g. Florante at Laura (Beauty of love); Ibong Adarna (Timeless Lessons); Kundiman and other Folk Dances (Ancestral Culture) 1.6 First Assumption: Art has been crafted by all people regardless of origin, time, place, and that it stayed on because it is liked and enjoyed by people continuously. A great piece of work will never be obsolete. • Art is Universal.
- 8. 2. Art is not nature. THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT, 19TH CENTURY JOHN GODFREY SAXE
- 9. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF ART 2.1 Art is man's expression of his reception of nature. Art is man's way of interpreting nature. Art is not nature, it is made by man, whereas nature is a given around us. Hence, they can be considered opposites. 2.2 Art is not meant to be a direct representation of reality, but rather a perception of reality. It is based on an individual's subjective experience of nature. 2.3 Arts is not meant, after all, to accurately define what the elephant is really like in nature. Artists are not expected to duplicate nature. 2. Art is not nature.
- 10. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF ART 2.4 Hence, in art, one shall see beyond. One shall ask questions such as: What reasons might the artist have in creating something? 2.5 Why did the artist write a scene in a certain way? What motivation did he have in creating this masterpiece? 2.6 In whatever work of art, one should always ask why the artist made it. What is it that he wants to show? 2. Art is not nature.
- 11. 3. Art involves experience. ALONE/TOGETHER, 2019 FILM, ANTOINETTE JADAONE GERTRUDE STEIN, A PATRON OF THE THEN UNKNOWN PABLO PICASSO'S PICTURES
- 12. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF ART 3.1 Art is just experience, and by experience, it means the "actual doing of something" (Dudley et al., 1960). 3.2 For most artists, Radio DJ, Choreographer, Painter, Sculptor, “All art depends on experience, and if one is to know art, he must know it not as fact or information but as experience.” 3.3 Unlike fields of knowledge that involve data, art is known by experiencing. A work of art then cannot be abstracted from actual doing. In order to know what an artwork is, we have to sense it, see or hear it, and see AND hear it. 3. Art involves experience.
- 13. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF ART 3.4 In art, the subject's perception is of primacy. An important aspect of experiencing art is its being highly personal, individual, and subjective, be it in movies, songs, paintings, etc. 3.5 In philosophical terms, perception of art is always a value judgment. It depends on who the perceiver is, his tastes, his biases, and what he has inside him. 3.6 "Degustibus non disputandum est". Matters of taste are nor matters of dispute. One can never argue with another person's evaluation of art because one's experience can never be known by another. 3. Art involves experience.
- 14. 4. Art is cultural. PHILIPPINE LIFE AND CULTURE by Miriam besa ipag (a Philippine dance and theater company) Mindanao state university - Iligan institute of technology
- 15. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF ART 4.1 Art contributes to the understanding of past and present cultures. 4.2 Through art, people learn about their culture’s values and strengthen their culture’s identity. 4.3 Through art, people feel proud of their customs, traditions, and beliefs because they give a sense of belonging. 4. Art is cultural.
- 16. 5. Art is an expression of the mind.
- 17. 6. Art is a form of creativity.
- 18. Nature of Art What art is.
- 19. Nature of Art ART IS NOT NATURE. ART CREATES PERMANENT IMPRESSION. ART IMITATES LIFE.
- 20. • Art is not nature. Art is made by man. It is man’s interpretation of objects perceived by him as art has been created by all people at all times. Nature of Art
- 21. 2. Art creates a permanent impression. • Arts greatest achievement is that it creates a permanent impression of the passing scene, unlike a fresh flower which will not stay fresh- somehow it withers but the freshness of the flower as captured in a simple painting will always stay fresh. Therefore, art never grows old as recorded by the artist's vision. • The main purpose of art is to entertain the audience in many techniques like using colors or lines and making you really ponder over what you see. Nature of Art
- 22. 3. Art imitates life. • Art imitates life and one can tell the values, traditions, feelings and dreams as well as the aspirations of the artist which are clearly manifested in his own use of colors, lines, forms, and symbols. • The artist's own style and approaches give a chance to preserve life with the use of particular media. Nature of Art
- 23. Functions of Art What art does.
- 24. Functional Art FUNCTIONS OF ART Refers to aesthetic objects that serve utilitarian purpose/s. Functional art is generally applied art – art created for use, designed to serve a purpose with an aesthetic in mind.
- 25. FUNCTIONS OF ART Non-functional Art These are those which are integral to being human, transcend the individual, or do not fulfill a specific external purpose. - Is something which humans must do by their very nature and is therefore beyond utility.
- 26. Functions of Art • Aesthetic Function • Utilitarian Function • Cultural Function • Social Function • Political Function • Educational Function • Spiritual Function
- 27. FUNCTIONS OF ART Personal Function Arts are vehicles for the artists’ expression of their feelings and ideas. The arts also serve as means of expression for us. The personal functions of art are varied and highly subjective. Functions depends on the artist who created the art. An artist may create an art out of self- expression, entertainment, or therapeutic purpose.
- 28. FUNCTIONS OF ART Social Function One cannot conceive of a society without art, for art is closely related to every aspect of social life. Art may convey message of protest, contestation, or whatever message the artist intends his work to carry. Political art is a very common example of an art with a social function. Art can also depict social conditions such as photography (pictures of poverty). Performance art like plays or satires can also rouse emotions and rally people toward a particular end.
- 29. FUNCTIONS OF ART Social Function Art performs a social function when: 1. Influences Social Behavior It seeks or tends to influence the collective behavior of a people. (Guernica by Pablo Picasso) 2. Display and Celebration It is created to be seen or used primarily in public situation.
- 30. FUNCTIONS OF ART Physical Function Tools and containers are objects which function to make our lives physically comfortable. Functional works of art may be classified as either tools or containers. The physical functions of art can be found in artworks that are crafted in order to serve some physical purpose.
- 31. FUNCTIONS OF ART OtherFunctions The therapeutic value of music cannot be ignored. Works of art make us aware of other ways of thinking, feeling, and imagining that have never occurred to us before. Music was principally used for dance and religion. The ancient world saw music as an instrument to facilitate worship and invocation to gods. Music was essential for synchronicity of dancers. Music guarantees that warriors were simultaneous.
- 32. FUNCTIONS OF ART OtherFunctions Today, music has expanded its functions and coverage. There is a lot of music that has no connection to dance or religion. Example: Serenade – People compose hymns to express feelings and emotions. Music is also used as accompaniment to stage plays and motion pictures.
- 33. FUNCTIONS OF ART OtherFunctions One function of sculpture and painting is the commemoration of important personages in society. The statues of national heroes that grace our parks and plazas are commemorative works as are the commissioned paintings of leaders or rulers. Often they serve to record important historical events, or reveal the ideals of heroism and leadership that the community would want the young to emulate.
- 34. FUNCTIONS OF ART OtherFunctions Architecture may be the most prominent functional art.Unlike other forms of art, buildings take so much time to erect and destroy. One cannot dismiss taking into consideration the function of a building before construction. The design of the building is determined primarily by its operational function. What is the building for? Who are going to use it? How many are they? The design that a building takes is also adapted to the climate of the region. The architect must take the physical, psychological, and spiritual needs of the family into account when he designs a house.
- 35. Activity Look around your house and identify a product of art. Capture it and share it to the class. Identify what functions it has played in history. (Ex: painting of the Last Supper in your dining room, or a spoon
- 38. Philosophical Perspectives of Arts What artists think of art.
- 39. Philosophical Perspectives on Art Art as an Imitation 1 Art as a Representation 2 Art as a Disinterested Judgment 3 Art as a Communication of Emotion 4
- 40. 1.1 Plato, in his masterpiece, The Republic, paints a picture of artists as imitators and art as mere imitation. In his description of the ideal republic, Plato advises against the inclusion of art as a subject in the curriculum and the banning of artists in the Republic. PLATO 1. Art as an imitation. 1.2 In Plato’s metaphysics or view of reality, the things in this world are only copies of the original, the eternal, and the true entities that can only be found in the World of Forms. For example, the chair that one sits on is not a real chair. It is an imperfect copy of the perfect “chair” in the World of Forms
- 41. 1.3 Plato was convinced that artists merely reinforce the belief in copies and discourage men to reach for the real entities in the World of Forms. Plato was deeply suspicious of arts and artists for two reasons: a. They appeal to the emotion rather to the rational faculty of men b. They imitate rather than lead one to reality PLATO 1. Art as an imitation. 1.4 Poetry rouses emotions and feelings and thus, clouds rationality of people. Art is just an imitation of imitation. A painting is just an imitation of nature, which is also just an imitation of reality in the World of Forms.
- 42. 2.1 Aristotle, agreed with Plato that art is a form of imitation. However, Aristotle considered art as an aid to philosophy in revealing the truth. The kind of imitation that art does is not antithetical to the reaching of fundamental truths in the world. ARISTOTLE 2. Art as a Representation 2.2 Unlike Plato who thought that art is an imitation of another imitation, Aristotle conceived of art as representing possible versions of reality. For Aristotle, all kinds of art do not aim to represent reality as it is, it endeavors to provide a version of what might be or the myriad possibilities of reality.
- 43. 2.3 In Aristotelian worldview, art serves two particular purposes: Art allows for the experience of pleasure (horrible experience can be made an object of humor), Art also has an ability to be instructive and teach its audience things about life (cognitive). ARISTOTLE 2. Art as a Representation
- 44. 3.1 Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Judgment, considered the judgment of beauty, the cornerstone of art, as something that can be universal despite its subjectivity. Kant recognized that judgment of beauty is subjective. IMMANUEL KANT 3. Art as a Disinterested Judgment 3.2 However, even subjective judgments are based on some universal criterion for the said judgment. How and in what sense can a judgment of beauty, which ordinarily is considered to be a subjective feeling, be considered objective or universal?
- 45. 3.3 HOW ARE THESE TWO STATEMENTS DIFFERENT? 1. “I like this painting.” 2. “This painting is beautiful.” IMMANUEL KANT 3. Art as a Disinterested Judgment 3.4 The first is clearly a judgment of taste (subjective), while the second is an aesthetic judgment (objective). Making an aesthetic judgment requires us to be disinterested. In other words, we should try to go beyond our individual tastes and preferences so that we can appreciate art from a universal standpoint.
- 46. 4.1 According to Leo Tolstoy, art plays a huge role in communication to its audience’s emotions that the artist previously experienced. In the same that language communicates information to other people, art communicates emotions. LEO TOLSTOY 4. Art as a Communication of Emotion 4.2 As a purveyor of man’s innermost feelings and thoughts, art is given a unique opportunity to serve as a mechanism for social unity. Art is central to man’s existence because it makes accessible feelings and emotions of people from the past and present.
- 47. 5.1 According to Allen Weinstein, without mental escape, we build up a lot of anxiety within ourselves. Artists have to get rid of this anxiety and pressure because if we keep these worries and anxieties within our mind. they will come out in the form of anger and even hatred. Unfortunately, such anger and hatred are often taken out on the wrong people. 5. Art as an Escape
- 48. 5.2 According to Señeres and others (2008), the artists works of art reveal the emotional outburst that has been kept for many years in their mind. The only way to take out such tension is through painting, dancing, music, and other art forms. They are a cathartic solutions to one's anxiety and life's difficulties. Likewise, the awareness that these works of art created among the viewers may also lead to a positive or negative emotional reaction. 5. Art as an Escape
- 49. The artist intent in creating a functional piece of art is to bring creativity, beauty, and usefulness into people's everyday lives. Whether it's a curvy chair made of cardboard, a banca made of paper, functional art makes us rethink and re-assess the way we look at ordinary things, sometimes by using unusual materials in their construction. 6. Art as Functional
- 50. Thank you!