Lesson 2 - Differentiating Quantitative and Qualitative.pdf
- 2. Essential Performance Outcome Describe and explain the new abilities they have developed as the result of self-initiated learning experiences and projects.
- 3. Intended learning Outcome Describe and explain the new abilities they have developed by appraising the difference between qualitative and quantitative research.
- 4. Qualitative Research •A type of educational research in which the researcher decides what to study. •A type of educational research in which the researcher relies on the views of the participants.
- 5. Qualitative and Quantitative Research Quantitative research looks at patterns in numeric data. Quantitative research gathers data in numerical form which can be put into categories or measured in units of measurement. This type of data can be used to construct graphs and tables. Qualitative research gathers information that is not in numerical form. Qualitative data is typically descriptive data. When you think of qualitative data, Think of the word 'quality' – because in qualitative analysis we are taking a deep quality look at a phenomenon.
- 6. Examples Qualitative Research • Diary accounts • Document review • Open ended Questionnaires • Unstructured interviews • Unstructured observations Quantitative Research • Application forms • Closed ended Questionnaires • IQ Tests • Measurements
- 7. Purpose Qualitative: To understand & interpret social interactions. Quantitative: To test hypotheses, look at cause & effect, & make predictions.
- 8. Group Studied • Qualitative: Smaller & not randomly selected. • Quantitative: Larger & randomly selected.
- 9. Variables • Qualitative: Study of the whole, not variables. • Quantitative: Specific variables studied.
- 10. Type of Data •Collected Qualitative: Words, images, or objects. •Quantitative: Numbers and statistics.
- 11. Forms of Data Collected • Qualitative: Qualitative data such as open - ended responses, interviews, participant observations, field notes, & reflections. • Quantitative: Quantitative data based on precise measurements using structured & validated data-collection instruments.
- 12. Role of the Researcher • Qualitative: Researcher & their biases may be known to participants in the study, & participant characteristics may be known to the researcher. • Quantitative: Researcher & their biases are not known to participants in the study, & participant characteristics are deliberately hidden from the researcher (double blind studies).
- 13. Results •Qualitative: Particular or specialized findings that is less generalizable. •Quantitative: Generalizable findings that can be applied to other populations.
- 14. Final Report • Qualitative: Narrative report with contextual description & direct quotations from research participants. • Quantitative: Statistical report with correlations, comparisons of means, & statistical significance of findings.
- 15. What is to be observed? •Qualitative: ¤ Qualities ¤ Behavior ¤ Complexities •Quantitative: ¤ Quantities ¤ Scales ¤ Trends
- 16. What are the type of questions asked? •Qualitative: ¤ Why? ¤ How? •Quantitative: ¤ How many? ¤ What?
- 17. How are the questions are put (methods)? • Qualitative: ¤ Document review ¤ Participant observations ¤ Interviews ¤ Focus group ¤ Workshops • Quantitative: ¤ Application forms ¤ Questionnaires ¤ IQ Tests ¤ Measurements
- 18. How results are interpreted (analysis)? •Qualitative: ¤ Explore, explain, understand ¤ Narrative ¤ Particular ¤ Mainly inductive reasoning: conclusions can be drawn from the evidence no matter how incomplete •Quantitative: ¤ Describe, measure, predict ¤ Statistical tables and chart ¤ Universal ¤ Mainly deductive reasoning: everything is known before conclusions can be drawn