![Fats Energy-providing foods Commonly used as food stores (esp. animals) Consists of elements -> carbon, hydrogen, oxygen [ less O:H than carbohydrates ]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2fatsproteins-101012010743-phpapp02/85/Chapter-4-Nutrients-Lesson-2-Fats-and-proteins-6-320.jpg)
Chapter 4 Nutrients Lesson 2 - Fats and proteins
- 1. Fats
- 2. Question: Do sumo wrestlers eat fat to gain mass?
- 3. Lesson objectives: Function of fats Structure of fats Occurrence of fats Saturated vs unsaturated fats Do sumo wrestlers eat fat to gain mass?
- 4. Activity: In pairs, list the possible functions of fats in animals
- 5. Function of fats Fats serve as: An efficient source & storage of energy As an insulating material (beneath the skin to prevent excessive heat loss) e.g. blubber in whales As a solvent for fat-soluble vitamins , sex hormones & related hormones As a constituent of protoplasm (esp. in protoplasmic mb) As a means to restrict water loss from skin surface -> oily secretion by sebaceous glands in skin forms thin layer over surface ; reduces rate of water evaporation & heat loss
- 6. Fats Energy-providing foods Commonly used as food stores (esp. animals) Consists of elements -> carbon, hydrogen, oxygen [ less O:H than carbohydrates ]
- 7. Fats Split by hydrolysis into simpler compounds
- 8. Occurrence Food rich in fats e.g. butter, cheese, fatty meat, nuts, leguminous plants Liver of fish e.g. sharks Fish like herring fish, salmon (oily fish) Humans & other mammals can manufacture own fat requirements (not essential in diet)
- 9. Saturated vs unsaturated fats Saturated fats: Cholesterol (fatty substance) found together with saturated fats Deposition of cholesterol in arteries -> heart attack Unsaturated fats: Vegetable oil Do not cause heart diseases (should be used as substitutes for animal fats)
- 10. Question: Do sumo wrestlers eat fat to gain mass? No!
- 11. Sumo wrestlers fatten up on chankonabe caloric staple of the sumo diet of sumo consider chanko a nutritious food that helps make your bones denser Ingredients: tofu, carrots, cabbages, leeks, potatoes, lotus roots, daikon radishes, shiitake mushrooms, and giant burdock into a boiling chicken broth form their MoonPie-shaped sumo bodies by swilling prodigious portions, along with rice, beer, and an occasional side dish of omelets, shrimp dumplings, and fried chicken. Then they take a long nap
- 12. Proteins
- 13. Lesson objectives: Structure of proteins Function of proteins Protein deficiency
- 14. Proteins Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (often sulphur & phosphorus present) Molecules largest & most complex Basic units = amino acids (a.a) a.a. possess an amino grp.(-NH 2 ) + acidic grp (-COOH) + a hydrocarbon side chain (R)
- 16. Amino acids
- 17. Proteins 22 naturally occurring a.a. in plant & animal proteins a.a. link with each other to form long chains If ≥ 3 a.a link up by peptide bonds = polypeptide/ peptone
- 18. Proteins Protein molecules made of one or more polypeptide chains Chains are coiled up to give a distinctive 3D shape Coils are held in place by weak cross-links ( H bonds) -> broken easily by heat, acids & alkalis -> denaturation
- 19. Functions of proteins Essential for protoplasm synthesis Used for enzyme & hormone synthesis Used for antibodies formation to combat disease Source of energy
- 20. Protein deficiency Average adult requires 50-100g of proteins a day Deficiency -> kwashiorkor Symptoms: swollen abdomen (children) Cracked scaly skin