Lesson 2.PROPER TOOLS IN TECHNICAL DRAFTING
- 2. DRAFTING ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND DETAILS Technical Terms Encountered in Preparing Architectural Job Requirements 1 Baluster Detail- is the detail of the vertical railing along a staircase or balcony railing. Column/Footing/Beam Schedule- a complete specification of column, footings, and beam in terms of sizes, materials and quantity. Electrical Plan- a plan consists of lighting plan, power layout and specification details of the house. Foundation Plan- a structural excavation plan of footings and walls of a building. Floor Plan- is the top view of the floor area of a house. Footings- a part of foundation directly supporting the column or post of a house. Lighting layout - an electrical plan that shows the flow of house lightings. Location Plan- is the top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will be built. Perspective- is a drawing angle from which an object or structure is viewed.
- 3. Power & Auxiliary layout- an electrical plan that shows the location of the convenience outlet and other auxiliary outlet in the floor plan. Reflected Ceiling Plan- is the complete plan design of house ceiling. Roof Plan- is one showing the outline of the roof and the major object. Roof Framing Plan- a structural framing plan of the roof plan with complete specification. Section- is the view showing the inside part of the building either in cross- section longitudinal section. Site Development Plan or Lot Plan- refers to the position and the location of the building with property line, setbacks, approaches, grade contours, landscape and other pertinent data in relation to the site. Septic Tank- it is the depository of human excreta and a drainage reservoir for all washing done in the kitchen and bathroom. Storm Drainage System- shows the flow of water waste from the lavatory, floor drain, and downspout from the roof to storm drainage. Truss Detail- a complete structural detail of a common or typical truss of a building.
- 4. 2 Technical Terms Encountered in Drafting Site Development Plan Building Code- are local laws that set standard for structural design within the community. Master plan- is the designer’s house or building design based on the needs and wants of his clients. Corner lot- is a lot with at least two adjacent sides meeting on a corner of two streets. Inside lot- is a lot surrounded on each side by other lots. Open lot- is a lot bounded on all sides by streets or pathways. Property lines- are those lines showing the exact area of the acquired lot. Setback- refers to the distance at how far a building can be built within the property lines. Site- is an area of land available for construction or the lot on which a building is constructed. Through lot- is a lot having frontage on two public streets or highways. Zoning- refers to the legal restrictions on size, location, and type of structures to be built on a designated area.
- 5. Architectural Working Drawings The architectural working drawings together with the specifications are the most important parts of a working plans. Information on the designs, locations, and dimensions of the elements of a building is found on the architectural working drawings while information on the quality of materials and sizes is found in the specifications. A good architectural working drawing gives the contractor the exact information he needs. Therefore, it must be made clear, simple, orderly arranged, and accurately drawn so that scaled measurements will match with the actual structure. The finished drawings made by the architect, or a draftsman and used by the contractor are called architectural working drawings. The architectural working drawings, together with the specifications and the general conditions, form the legal contract between the owner and the contractor. Since working drawings are the major portion of the contract documents, they should be accurately drawn.
- 6. Elements of Architectural Working Drawing Perspective A graphic representation of the view as seen by the eyes or it shows the appearance of the finished building. This drawing represents the actual, in three dimensional form of the proposed building. (See sample perspective below).
- 7. Site Development Plan Site Development Plan is the outline and measurements of the proposed building and its placement on the property. This shows the position and the location of the building with property line, setbacks, approaches, grade contours, landscape and other pertinent data in relation to the site. A site development plan is drawn using a scale not smaller than 1:200 meters so that other features found in the plan will not be greatly affected
- 8. Location Plan The top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will be built. It shows the position of the house inside the lot, the number of the adjacent lots, streets or lanes before or beside the lot, and the North sign. The location plan is usually located near the title block. The main line symbol of the North sign is generally parallel to the side border line of the drawing paper and points upward.
- 10. Floor Plan The top view of the floor area of a house. The cutting plane line for this top view passes between the upper and lower window sills. It represents the arrangement of rooms, doors, windows and other features located in the floor plan.
- 11. Elevation The front or side view of a building. It shows the design of the house, height dimension; materials finish and complete information on specification.
- 12. Section Section drawings are prepared for interior details needed to guide construction. The view showing the inside part of the building or a house either in cross section or longitudinal section.
- 14. Development Plan or • Plot Plan, and Vicinity Map or Location Plan is often included in the plan). • •B. Sheet # 2 – Floor Plan, Elevation: • •D. Sheet # 3 - Sections, Details, Roof Plan and Reflected Ceiling Plan • •E. Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Detail of kitchen, and Detail of Toilet and Bath • • F. Sheets # 5& 6 – Contains Foundation Plan, Roof Framing Plan, Truss Detail, and • Column/Footing/Beam Schedules • G. Sheets # 7/8 -Water and Sewage System Plan • • H. Sheet # 9 –Contains the following working plans: Lighting layout, Power and Auxiliary layout, • Location plan, Panel board Detail, Load Schedules and Specifications