Lesson 3 understanding the basic tags updated

HTML
Lesson Three – Understanding The Basic Tags

http://www.htmltutorials.ca/lesson3.htm

HTML TAGS
• These tags are more accurately called
ELEMENTS and you should think of these
elements as describing the meaning of the
text they contain, rather than how the
enclosed text should be displayed.
• To tell the browser that something is a tag,
you simply place "less than" and "greater
than" symbols around them.
• The LESS THAN symbol is "<" and the GREATER THAN
symbol is ">".
• These symbols are also called "Angle Brackets".

, and <HR> TAGS
• 
– tells your browser to go to the beginning of
the next line.
– BR stands for line BReak.
– acts in the same way as the ENTER key on
your keyboard.

• 
– for Paragraph tells your browser to insert a
blank or empty line and then begin a new line (a
new paragraph).
– tells the browser when a line has ended
while…
– tells the browser to leave a blank line and
begin a new paragraph.

• <HR>
– <HR> puts a line across the page.
– HR stands for Horizontal Rule.
– The two lines you see below were put there with
<HR> tags.

<HTML> and </HTML> tags
• Every HTML document should first be
declared that it is in fact an HTML document.
• <HTML> is the beginning tag and
• </HTML> is the ending tag.
• HTML is called a container element.

CORRECT USE OF TAGS
• An element that has an opening and closing
tag is referred to as a container element
because anything contained between these
tags are affected by the element.
• Closing Tags cannot be placed just anywhere.
• Use the "Last In = First Out" principle or
"LIFO".
• That is, the "Last" tag "In" must be the "First"
tag "Out".
• Example
– <tag1><tag2> statements </tag2></tag1><HTML>

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>WEB PAGE DESIGN - BASIC TAGS</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Hi, my name is John Gilson. 
This is my first attempt at a Web page.<HR>
Here is a riddle for you.
Why did the lobster blush?<HR>
Because it saw the salad dressing. <HR>
</BODY>
</HTML>

<HEAD> and </HEAD> tags
• Next comes the HEAD element which, like the
HTML element, also has an opening and
closing tag.
• Each web page must have the HEAD element.
• Statements (or tags) that give information to a
person visiting your website, or information
such as those needed for a Search Engine are
placed between the <HEAD> and </HEAD>
tags.

<HEAD> and </HEAD> tags
• Thus the HEAD part of a document provides
information about the document. You do not
see this information displayed in your browser.
• the latest web standard (XHTML) demands
that it be included.

<TITLE> and </TITLE> tags
• One of the statements that must be included
between the <HEAD> and </HEAD> tags is the
TITLE of your web page.
• The TITLE of your web page must occur
between the <TITLE> and </TITLE> tags and
you are only allowed one TITLE element per
page.
• Most search engines also use the title in
search engine results.

<BODY> and </BODY> tags
• It contains all the text and tags.
• It is the part that will be displayed on the
browser screen.
• <BODY> tells your browser that what follows is
to be the body of the Web page and </BODY>
tells the browser that the body part of the
page has ended.

Exercise
• Problem 1: Is the following example a correct
use of tags? The answer is given at the end of
this lesson.

<tag1><tag2> blah, blah, blah </tag2>
<tag3>
blah blah blah
<tag4> blah, blah, blah</tag4></tag3>
blah blah blah </tag1>

Exercises
• Problem 2: What does HR stand for in <HR>
• Problem 3: Do all tags require a beginning and
an ending tag?
• Problem 4: Must tags be written in capital
(upper case) letters?

Answers
1. Yes. All tags are terminated in the reverse order
to the way in which they were activated. These
tags satisfy the principle of "LIFO".
2. Horizontal Rule.
3. No. In HTML, , and <HR> are three
examples that do not require an ending tag.
They are also known as "stand alone tags".
Actually, does have an optional closing tag
which is . This closing tag is discussed in the
next lesson.

• No. You can write in lower case letters if you
want to. HTML is not case sensitive. We use
upper case letters so that I can easily and
quickly identify tags from text when working
with my web pages. Having said that, when
HTML 4.0 was introduced, the World Wide
Web Consortium (W3C) recommended that
only lower case letters be used. As stated in
Lesson 1, the latest web standard is XHTML.

Lesson 3 understanding the basic tags updated

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