Lesson 6 Software Operating System and Different Programming Languages.pptx
- 1. Lesson 6 Software, Operating System, and Different Programming Languages
- 3. Software •A program or a set of instructions and applications used to manage and control various functions of a device such as a computer.
- 4. Two Main Categories of Computer Software 1. System Software – is a basic requirement for any computer, as it controls all main functions and integrates all parts into a unitary system. An example of a system software is an operating system. 2. Application Software – serves more specific purposes, such as creating databases and spreadsheets or processing images. Application software is available as single programs, software packages or software suites.
- 6. Multi-user • Allows two or more users to run programs at the same time/simultaneously. Some operating systems permit hundreds or even thousands of concurrent users.
- 7. Multiprocessing • Supports running a program on more than one CPU. RAM CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3
- 8. Two Types of Multiprocessing • Symmetric Multiprocessing – SMP systems consist of two or more relatively independent processors or core sharing a common bus and memory, each executing their own program or work together on same task. • Asymmetric Multiprocessing – Individual processors are dedicated to particular tasks. It has one MASTER processor and SLAVE processors
- 9. CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3 P1 P2 P3 SHARED MEMORY Slave Master Slave P1 P2 P3 NO SHARED MEMORY SYMMETRIC ASSYMMETRIC
- 10. Benefits of using a Multiprocessor •Enhanced performance. •Multiple applications. •Multi-tasking inside an application. •High throughput and responsiveness. •Hardware sharing among CPUs.
- 11. Real time • Responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating systems, such as DOS and UNIX, are not real- time.
- 12. Advantages of Real-Time Operating Systems •Priority Based Scheduling •Abstracting Timing Information •Maintainability/Extensibility •Modularity •Promotes Team Development •Easier Testing •Code Reuse •Improved Efficiency •Idle Processing
- 13. Disadvantages of Real-Time Operating Systems •Limited Tasks •Use Heavy System resources •Complex Algorithms •Device driver and interrupt signals •Thread Priority
- 14. Real-Time OS
- 15. Multithreading • A thread is a path which is followed during a program’s execution. Majority of programs written now a days run as a single thread. • Multithreading is a process of multiple threads executes at same time..
- 16. Multithreading • a multithreaded operating system may run several background tasks, such as logging file changes, indexing data, and managing windows at the same time.
- 17. Multithreading
- 18. Benefits of Multithreading • Improved throughput • Simultaneous and fully symmetric use of multiple processors for computation and I/O • Superior application responsiveness • Improved server responsiveness • Minimized system resource usage • Program structure simplification • Better communication
- 19. GUI (Graphical User Interface) • a GUI operating system contains graphics and icons and is commonly navigated by using a computer mouse.
- 20. Benefits of GUI OS • User Friendly • Comprehension • Attractiveness • Shortcut Keys • Multitasking
- 21. Disadvantages of GUI OS • Implementation • Cost • Speed • Time Consumption • Memory Usage
- 22. OPERATING SYSTEM
- 23. MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) • a non-graphical command line operating system derived from 86-DOS that was created for IBM compatible computers. MS-DOS originally written by Tim Paterson and introduced by Microsoft in August 1981 and was last updated in 1994 when MS-DOS 6.22 was released.
- 25. Linux • is a free and open-source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds and friends that was first announced August 25, 1991 . The Linux kernel runs on numerous different platforms including the Intel and Alpha platform and is available under the GNU General Public License.
- 27. Linux sample CLI
- 28. UNIX • Coined by Brian Kernighan , Unix or UNIX (not an acronym) is an operating system developed by members of the (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) MULTICS team at the Bell Laboratories starting in the late 1960's, many who also help create C.
- 30. UNIX sample CLI
- 31. Microsoft Windows • is an operating environment created by Microsoft that provides an interface, known as a Graphical User Interface ( GUI), for computers. Windows eliminates the need to memorize commands for the command line (MS-DOS) by using a mouse to navigate through menus, dialog boxes, buttons, tabs, and icons.
- 33. Windows 10 – which version is right for you? •Windows 10 Home •Windows 10 S •Windows 10 Pro •Windows 10 Enterprise •Windows 10 Education •Windows IoT
- 35. Mac Os • MacOS was introduced in 1984 to run Macintosh personal computers (PCs). The OS helped make graphical user interfaces (GUIs) popular, even inspiring Microsoft to move away from its user input method in favor of using GUIs for Windows OSes.
- 37. MAC OS LOGO EVOLUTION
- 39. Mac OS sample CLI
- 41. Top 10 Programming Languages to Learn in 2022
- 42. Python ∙ Python can be regarded as the future of programming languages. As per the latest statistics, Python is the main coding language for around 80% of developers. The presence of extensive libraries in Python facilitates artificial intelligence, data science, and machine learning processes.
- 43. Java ∙ Java is one of the most powerful programming languages that is currently used in more than 3 billion devices. Java is currently one of the most trending technology. It is used in desktop applications, mobile applications, web development, Artificial intelligence, cloud applications, and many more.
- 44. Javascript ∙ JavaScript is one of the world’s most popular programming languages on the web. As per the survey, more than 97 percent of the websites use JavaScript on the client-side of the webpage.
- 45. Kotlin ∙Kotlin is a cross-platform programming language designed to develop apps. It is being used by more than 60% of android developers.
- 46. R ∙ R is a programming language for statistical and graphical programming. It is widely used among statisticians and data miners for data analysis. It holds profound importance in data analysis, financial domains, and telecom sectors.
- 47. PHP ∙ PHP is one of the general-purpose scripting languages that will continue to hold its importance in the upcoming years. It is among the first server-side language that can be embedded with HTML to add functionality to web pages.
- 48. GO ∙ Go is one of the most reliable and efficient programming languages that stands out from the rest. It was originally designed at Google in 2007 to manage its rapidly growing infrastructure. It quickly gained amazing popularity and has become one of the top programming languages.
- 49. C ∙C is a general-purpose programming language that is designed to work efficiently on games, graphics, and enterprise applications.
- 50. SWIFT ∙ It is a robust programming language developed by Apple Inc. It is used to create apps for iOS, watchOS, macOS, and many more. It can be seen as the future of high-performance and secured applications.
- 51. C# ∙ C# is a programming language that runs on the .NET framework and is developed by Microsoft in 2000. It is effective in making desktop applications and games. As per the survey, 34% of the top mobile games are made using C#.
- 52. Markup Languages and Data Formats
Editor's Notes
- #9: There are two types of multiprocessors, one is called shared memory multiprocessor (symmetric), and another is distributed memory multiprocessor(asymmetric), . Symmetric – One operating system controls all CPU and ALL CPU have EQUAL RIGHTS Asymmetric –Master executes system programs and SLAVES are used for application execution
- #11: The more CPU we will complete the given task in less time
- #13: The more CPU we will complete the given task in less time
- #16: for example, a program is not capable of reading keystrokes while making drawings. These tasks cannot be executed by the program at the same time.
- #18: Example: Playing a video and downloading it at the same time is an example of multithreading.
- #20: A graphics-based operating system interface that uses icons, menus and a mouse (to click on the icon or pull down the menus) to manage interaction with the system. Developed by Xerox, the GUI was popularized by the Apple Macintosh in the 1980s.
- #23: The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs. It perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
- #24: MS-DOS allows the user to navigate, open, and otherwise manipulate files on their computer from a command line instead of a GUI like Windows. Today, MS-DOS is no longer used; however, the command shell, more commonly known as the Windows command line is still used by many users.
- #26: The system can be distributed, used, and expanded free of charge. In this way, developers have access to all the source codes, thus being able to integrate new functions or to find and eliminate programming bugs quickly. Thereby drivers for new adapters (SCSI controller, graphics cards, etc.) can be integrated very rapidly. Tux the penguin
- #29: Today, Unix is not just the work of a couple of programmers; organizations, institutes, and other individuals have contributed significant additions to Unix and its variants, making it a widely used and popular operating system.
- #32: Microsoft Windows was first introduced with version 1.0 on November 10, 1983. Since its release, there have been over a dozen versions of Windows.
- #36: As of January 24, 2022, The Latest Version Is macOS 12.0 Monterey
- #41: A programming language is a formal computer language or constructed language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms. Windows 10 written in C, C++, C#, Assembly language there are around 700 programming languages
- #43: Companies working on Python: Intel, Facebook, Spotify, Netflix, etc.
- #44: Companies working on Java are Amazon, Adobe, Flipkart, Instagram, etc.
- #45: The top companies using JavaScript are Microsoft, Uber, PayPal, Google, Walmart, etc.
- #46: Companies working on Kotlin are Pinterest, Uber, Trello, Amazon, etc.
- #47: The top companies using R are Flipkart, Amazon, Google, LinkedIn.
- #48: Amazing websites like Facebook, Yahoo, and Wikipedia run on PHP.
- #49: Companies working on Go are Google, BBC, Medium, Uber. the gopher is the of the mascot
- #50: The top companies using C are GitHub, Telegram messenger, MasterCard, etc.
- #51: companies working on Swift are Apple, Instagram, Uber, Slack.
- #52: Top companies working on C# are Microsoft, Stack Overflow, Accenture, Alibaba Travels.
- #53: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) – 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee. Based on SGML. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) XML is designed to transport and store data