Lesson_The Bones and Muscles.pdf

The bones or skeleton acts
as the framework of the body.
It protects all the delicate
organs inside the body,
support the weight of the body,
and gives shape to the body.
Parts of the Bones
Babies have about 350 bones in their bodies. As they grow
older, some of those bones fuse together and form one bone.
This is the reason why an adult human has only 206 bones.
These bones are of different shapes and sizes.

• SKULL is the bone in the brain that is
consists of 29 bones
• BACKBONE or the vertebral column
consists of 26 small bones called vertebrae
connected to one another
• BREASTBONE or the sternum found in the
middle of the rib cage
• RIB CAGE or ribs consists of 12 pairs of
bones attached to the sternum
• CLAVICLE or collar bones supports the
sternum
• SCAPULA or shoulder blades that is
connected to the sternum
Parts of the Bones

• HUMERUS or the upper arm bone
• RADIUS AND ULNA or the lower arm bones
• METACARPALS or palm bones
• PHALANGES or finger bones consist of 14
bones
• PELVIC BONE or the hip bone that consist of
two large bones
• FEMUR or the upper leg bone
• TIBIA AND FIBULA or the lower leg bones
• PATELLA or the knee cap bone
• METATARSALS or the forefoot bones
• PHALANGES or toe bones
Parts of the Bones

FUNCTIONS OF
THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM

1. Support
2. Movement
3. Protection
4. Blood cell production
5. Storage
6. Endocrine regulation
Parts of the Bones

COMMON
DISEASES AND
DISORDERS OF
THE BONES

1. Osteoporosis
• A condition distinguish by a
thinning and weakening of the
bones that is common to older
people.
• The cause of this disease is
due to insufficient amount of
calcium and phosphorous
intake needed in bone
development.
• Treatment of this disease
includes proper diet that is rich
in calcium and phosphorous.
Diseases and Disorders of the Bones
2. Dislocation
• An injury where the bones
gets out of its normal
position at the joints.
• This is caused by a hard
blow on the joints or when
ligaments are torn.
includes therapy and
taking prescribed
medicine

3. Scoliosis
• A condition that results to
the abnormal curvature of
the spine or backbone
• This can cause back pain,
especially when doing hard
work.
• Applying cast from the
chest to waist is the
treatment for this disease.
4. Arthritis
• An inflammation of the
joint becoming it inflexible
or stiff. This disease is
common to older people.
• Treatment for this disease
includes control of weight,
adequate rest of the
affected area, and
physical therapy.

The muscle is an organ made
up of tissues, which contract
and relaxes when stimulated
and causes an action. It also
gives shape to the body. There
are three types of muscles;
Types of Muscles
the smooth muscle, the cardiac muscle and the skeletal
muscle.

• SMOOTH MUSCLES are found in
the walls of the stomach, diaphragm,
and blood vessels. They are
involuntary muscles or muscles that
cannot be controlled. They just keep
on contracting and relaxing and
never stop functioning.
Types of Muscles

• CARDIAC MUSCLES are found in
the wall of the heart. They consist of
involuntary muscles. As the muscles
in the heart contract and relax, they
help the pumping process of the
blood wall throughout the body.
Types of Muscles

• SKELETAL MUSCLES are muscles
attached to the bones. The
movement of skeletal muscles can
be controlled.
Types of Muscles

COMMON
DISEASES AND
DISORDERS OF
THE MUSCLES

1. Sprain
• An injury where the
ligaments are stretched too
much or in severe cases
may be twisted.
• The physician may advise
to rest the injured part,
apply a cold compress,
and cover it with an elastic
bandage to reduce
swelling.
Diseases and Disorders of the Muscles
2. Strain
• A condition characterized
by sudden and violent
contraction of muscles.
Cramps can begin and
end quickly, abruptly and
intensely.
• There are two types of
cramps: the heat cramps
and stomach or intestinal
cramps.

3. Cramps
• A condition characterized
by sudden and violent
contraction of muscles.
Cramps can begin and end
quickly, abruptly and
intensely.
• There are two types of
cramps: the heat cramps
and stomach or intestinal
cramps.
Diseases and Disorders of the Muscles
4. Muscular Dystrophy
• A serious disease
characterized by slow but
progressive weakening of
muscles that can be inherited.
• It is caused by the abnormal
genes that interfere with the
production of proteins needed
by the muscles
• This disease has not cure yet
but treatment can include
physical therapy

5. Tendinitis
• A condition that results to the
inflammation of the tendons.
• Poor conditioning before
exercise, incorrect posture,
overuse or doing too much
activities.
• Resting the injured area,
cold compress, taking over-
the counter anti-
inflammatory drug are the
treatment for this disease.
6. Tendinitis
• A serious muscular infection
that leads to the death of
muscle tissues.
• This disease is commonly
caused by bacterial infection
or lack of blood supply.
includes removal of dead
tissues, treating and
preventing the spread of
infection, or surgery.

Let’s move
on to the
next lesson

Lesson_The Bones and Muscles.pdf

More Related Content

Similar to Lesson_The Bones and Muscles.pdf (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Lesson_The Bones and Muscles.pdf