Life With Perl

Life with Perl
both 5 and 6
5 stands for both 5.8.8 and 5.10

5.000 17 October 1994
5.6.0 22 March 2000
5.8.0 18 July 2002
5.8.8 31 January 2006
5.10 18 December 2008
Versions of Perl (perlhist)

5.000 17 October 1994
5.6.0 22 March 2000
5.8.0 18 July 2002
5.8.8 31 January 2006
5.10 18 December 2008
6.0 ?

5.000 17 October 1994
5.6.0 22 March 2000
5.8.0 18 July 2002
5.8.8 31 January 2006
5.10 18 December 2008
6.0 Сhristmas

5.000 17 October 1994
5.6.0 22 March 2000
5.8.0 18 July 2002
5.8.8 31 January 2006
5.10 18 December 2008
6.0 2000

Perl 6 docs, specs, thoughts
RFCs
Apocalypses
Exegeses
Synopses

Programme (script?)
Compiler
Virtual machine (VM)
Byte-code

Basic
Forth
Jako
Lisp
m4
Ook
Perl 6
Perl 5
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
PASM
IMC
PBC
PIR
PIL

C#
J#
VB.NET
JScript.NET
managed C++
Ada (A#)
F#
COBOL.NET
FORTRAN.NET
Perl.NET
CLR

Most practical compilers
languages/perl6 in parrot.tar.gz
Perl6::* on CPAN
PUGS
Rakudo

Rakudo
= =
parrot/langauges/perl6

Rakudo
= =
parrot/langauges/perl6 + years

PUGS. Made with Haskell
Most full coverage of Perl 6 specs

Needs latest version of GHC

Slow

Slow
Contains tests

say and print
say "俄罗斯新闻网";

say and print
"俄罗斯新闻网".say;

say and print
"俄罗斯新闻网".say;
"俄罗斯新闻网".say();

say and print
say "string";
say 123;
say(12 + 45);

say and print
say "string";
say 123;
say(12 + 45);
"string".say;
123.say;

say and print
say "string";
say 123;
say(12 + 45);
"string".say;
123.say;
3.14.say;

String length
my $str = "俄罗斯新闻网";
say $str.length;

String length
my $str = "俄罗斯新闻网";
say $str.length;
say $str.chars;    6
say $str.bytes;    18

String concatenation
my $string_a = "abcde";
my $string_b = "fghij";
print $string_a . $string_b;5
print $string_a ~ $string_b;6

Variables
my $string = "abcde";
my @array = (10, 20, 30);
my %hash = ("one" => 10,
            "two" => 20);

Variables
my @array = (10, 20, 30);
my %hash = ("one" => 10,
            "two" => 20);
print $string;
print $string;
5
6

Variables
my @array = (10, 20, 30);
my %hash = ("one" => 10,
            "two" => 20);
5
6
print $array[1];
print @array[1];

Variables
my @array = (10, 20, 30);
my %hash = ("one" => 10,
            "two" => 20);
5
6
print $hash{"one"};
print %hash{"one"};

Variables
my @array = (10, 20, 30);
my %hash = ("one" => 10,
            "two" => 20);
5
6
print $hash{"one"};
print %hash{"one"};
print %hash<one>;
print %hash<one two>;

Contexts
my @array = (5..10);

Contexts
my @array = (5..10);
say ~@array; 5 6 7 8 9 10

Contexts
my @array = (5..10);
say ~@array; 5 6 7 8 9 10
say +@array;       6

Contexts
my @array = (5..10);
say ~@array; 5 6 7 8 9 10
say int @array;    6

Contexts
my @array = (5..10);
say ~@array; 5 6 7 8 9 10
say int @array;    6
say ~ hash @array; 5  6
                   7  8
                   9  10

Contexts
my $value = 100;
say $value;       100

Contexts
my $value = 100;
say $value;       100
say ?$value;      1

Subroutines
sub callme ($first, $second)
{
   say "$first, $second";
}
callme(10, 20);

Subroutines
{
}
callme(10, 20);
callme 10, 20;

Subroutines
{
}
callme(10, 20);
callme 10, 20;
callme (10, 20);

Subroutines
{
}
callme(10, 20);
callme 10, 20;
callme (10, 20);
callme(second => 20,
       first => 10);

Subroutines
sub callme (@a, @b)
{
   say @a ~ ", " ~ @b;
}
my @odd = (1, 3);
my @even = (2, 4);
callme @odd, @even;  1 3, 2 4

Subroutines
sub callme ($arg is rw)
sub inc ($value, $step = 1)

Anonymous subroutines
my $print_line_break =
{
   print "<br />";
}
$print_line_break();

my $square = ‐> ($value)
{
   $value ** 2;
}
say $square(20);       400

my $square = ‐> ($value)
{
   $value ** 2;
}
say $square(20);       400
say $square 20;

Cycles
for @list
{
   say $_;
}

Cycles
for @list ‐> $value
{
   say $value;
}

Cycles
for @list ‐> $value
{
}
for @list, sub ($value)
{
}

Hyperoperators
my @odd = (1, 3, 5);
my @even = (2, 4, 6);
my @sum = @odd »+« @even; 
say ~@sum;    3 7 11

Hyperoperators
my @odd = (1, 3, 5);
my @even = (2, 4, 6);
my @sum = @odd »+« @even;
say ~@sum;  
my @next = @sum »+« 1;
say ~@next;

Hyperoperators
my @odd = (1, 3, 5);
my @even = (2, 4, 6);
my @sum = @odd >>+<< @even;
say ~@sum;  
my @next = @sum >>+<< 1;
say ~@next;

Junctions
say "yes"
if 20 == 10 | 20 | 30; 
say "yes"
if 20 == any (10, 20, 30);

Junctions
say "yes"
if 20 == 10 | 20 | 30; 
say "yes"
if 20 == any (10, 20, 30);
say "no"
if 21 == none (10, 20, 30);

multi functions
multi sub the_name ($scalar) {...}
multi sub the_name ($s1, $s2) {...}
multi sub the_name (@array) {...}

multi functions
multi sub the_name ($scalar) {...}
multi sub the_name ($s1, $s2) {...}
multi sub the_name (@array) {...}
the_name($some_value);
the_name($value1, $value2);
the_name(@some_array);

Overriding operators
multi infix:<+> ($a, $b)
{
   return $a ‐ $b;
}
say 10 + 20;     ‐10

multi postfix:<@> ($power)
{
   return 2 ** $power;
}
say 8@;                  256

sub postfix:<power_of_two> ($power)
{
   return 2 ** $power;
}
say 8 power_of_two;      256

switch and case
given ($x)
{
   when "a" {say ...}
   when "b" {say ...}
   when /<[a‐z]>/ {...}
   default  {...}
}

Smart matching
$a ~~ $b
==
$b ~~ $a

Smart matching
my $b;
$b ~~ undef
!defined $b

Smart matching
my $c = 'abc';
$c ~~ 'abc'
$c eq 'abc'

Smart matching
my @a = (1..3);
my @b = (1..3);
@a ~~ @b
1 == 1 && 2 == 2 && 3 == 3

Smart matching
my @f = ('a'..'f');
@f ~~ 'd'
grep {$_ eq 'd'} @f

Smart matching
my %h = (a => 'alpha',
         b => 'beta');
%h ~~ 'a'
exists $h{'a'}

Smart matching
my %h = (a => 'alpha',
         b => 'beta');
my %hh = (b => 1, a => 2);
%h ~~ %hh
[sort keys %h] ~~
[sort keys %hh]

Smart matching
Works
in Perl 5.10!

Classes
class Alphabet
{
}
my $abc = new Alphabet;

Classes
class Alphabet
{
   has $.Name;
   has $Length;
}
my $abc = new Alphabet;
$abc.Name = "Latin";
$abc.Length = 26;

Classes
class Alphabet
{
   ...
   method info
   {
      say "$.Name; $Length";
   }
}
$abc.info();

Classes
class Alphabet
{
   method BUILD {...}
   method DESTROY {...}
}

Inheritance
class Characters is Alphabet
{
}
my $chars = new Characters;
$chars.info();

Inheritance
class Characters 
   is Alphabet
   is Unique
   is NonLatin
{
}

Roles (interfaces?)
role HaveName
{
   has $Name;
   method GetName
   {return $.Name;}
}
class NamedAbc does HaveName {}

use feature qw(
    say
    switch
    state
);

sub f {
   state $c;
   say ++$c;
}
f(); f(); f();
1 2 3

my $c = 0;
my $d = $c // 3;
say $d;           0
my $e = 0;
my $f = $e || 4;
say $f;           4

Perl 6 today is
Rakudo
www.rakudo.org

The Way Of The Camel
Rakudа-do

Rakudo
cd languages/perl6/ 
make perl6

Binding
my $hour = 14; 
my $summertime := $hour;
say $hour; 
$summertime++; 
say $hour;

.WHAT
class Language { 
    has $!Name;
    method give_name ($newname) { 
        $!Name = $newname; 
    }
    method say_name { 
        say "This is $!Name"; 
    } 
}
my $lang = Language.new(); 
$lang.give_name('Perl 6'); 
$lang.say_name();

.WHAT
class Language { 
}
my $lang = Language.new(); 
say $lang.WHAT;
say Language.WHAT;

say 'before'; 
try { 
   die 'Bye!'; 
} 
say 'after';
try

regex language {Perl|XML};
say "ok" 
    if 'Perl' ~~ /<language>/; 
say "not ok" 
    unless 'PHP' ~~ /<language>/;
Regexes

More
class Foo{};
my Foo $x;
$x = Foo.new();

More
async {
    my @sum = @odd >>+<< @even;
}

More
atomic {
    $a ‐= 100;
    $b += 100;
}

__END__
Andrew Shitov
mail@andy.sh | http://andy.sh
DORS/CLUC, Zagreb, 2008

Life With Perl

More Related Content

Similar to Life With Perl (20)

More from Andrew Shitov (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Life With Perl