Lighting Acoustics Assignment 1.pdf
- 1. Lighting and Acoustics Luminaires Internet Survey Submitted By- Madhur Bajaj Shruti Garg
- 2. Luminaires: A luminaire is a lighting unit consisting of one or more electric lamps with all of the necessary parts and wiring. Types of Luminaires: • Recessed Cove Lighting Fixture • Indirect Pendant Lighting Fixture • Direct / Indirect Pendant Lighting Fixture • Recessed Lighting Fixtures • Wall Wash Light Fixtures • Wall Sconce • Task Lighting • Under Cabinet Light Fixtures Wall Washer: A down light mounted close to the plane of a wall and equipped with a reflector, baffle, or lens to illuminate to the vertical surface. Floodlight: A lamp designed to project or diffuse a comparatively uniform level of illumination over a large area. Also called flood lamp. Downlight: A luminaire consisting of a lamp set in meta cylinder, recessed into or mounted on a ceiling to direct a beam of light downward. Spotlight: A lamp designed to project a strong focused beam of light on an object or areas.
- 3. Track lighting: Lighting provided by adjustable spotlights mounted a long narrow, ceiling-or-wall-mounted metal track through which currents is conducted. Light strip: A rigid or flexible tape with exposed down voltage light sources of 1 to 10 watts. Troffer: A luminaire having a trough- shaped reflector holding one or more fluorescent lamps. Chandelier: A decorative lighting fixture suspended from a ceiling. Usually having branched supports for a number of lamps. Pendants: Suspended from the ceiling, a pendant light directs its light down, typically over a table or kitchen island. A pendant can enhance the decorative style of a room. Wall Sconces: Surface-mounted to the wall, sconces can direct light upwards or downwards, and their covers or shades can add a stylistic touch to a room. Floor Lamps: Made in a wide range of sizes and styles, lamps are extremely versatile and portable sources of light in a room. Most lamps direct light downwards. Torchler: A floor lamp having its light source within a reflecting bowl that directs the light upward.
- 4. Types Of Lights The different types of lights or lamps include the following • Incandescent lamps • Compact fluorescent lamps • Halogen lamps • Metal halide Lamps • Light Emitting Diode • Fluorescent tube • Neon lamps • High intensity discharge lamps • Low pressure sodium lamps Incandescent bulbs: Incandescent bulbs are available in a broad range of sizes and voltages. once the filament heats up, it tends to break and burns out the bulb. Incandescent bulbs can last for 700 – 1000 hours and can also be used with a dimmer. Incandescent bulbs generate steady heat, which is quite good for house hold applications. Luminous efficiency of incandescent lamp is about 15 lumens per watt. Cost Range- ₹ 10 –100 / piece
- 5. Compact Fluorescent Lamps: A compact fluorescent lamp is a modern type of light bulb that works like a fluorescent lamp. It contains mercury, which cause difficulties to its disposal. CFLs use less power, produce same amount of light and have long lifespan. These lamps cannot be used with dimmers, and usually they can last for 10,000 hours. Luminous efficiency of a compact fluorescent lamp is about 60 lumens per watt. Cost Range- ₹160 – 20 W, ₹450 – 32 W Halogen lamps: A halogen lamp consists of a tungsten filament, which is sealed with a compact transparent envelop and filled with an inert gas and small amount of halogen (bromine or iodine). These lamps are smaller than the conventional lamps. Halogen increases the lifetime and brightness of the lamps. Luminous efficiency of a halogen lamp is about 25 lumens per watt Cost Range- ₹50 - 200 Metal halide lamps: They consist of a discharge tube or arc tube within a bulb. This tube can be made from either ceramic or quartz and contains mercury, MH salts and a starting gas. Metal halide lamps produce a great amount of light for their size, and these lamps are one of the most efficient lamps. These lamps are most commonly used in halls, traffic lights, on stages and in outdoor lighting systems for commercial purposes. Cost Range- ₹1200 (400 W)
- 6. LED Lamp: It is an electrical component that emits light through the movement of electrons in a semiconductor device. It lacks a filament, uses less power and has a long lifespan. LEDs produce more light than incandescent lamps and help save energy in energy-conserving devices. LEDs are usually assembled into a light bulb to be used as a LED lighting system. Cost Range- ₹ 90 -100 (9W) Fluorescent Tube: A fluorescent tube is a gas discharge tube that uses a fluorescence to produce visible light. Luminous efficiency of a fluorescent tube is about 45 to 100 lumens per watt. Compared with the incandescent bulbs, fluorescent tubes use less power for the same amount of light, and are usually more complex and expensive than the incandescent lamps. Fluorescent lamps do not have good color representation ability, but these tubes are cool in appearance and color. Cost Range- ₹400 (28W) Neon Lamps: It is a gas-discharge lamp that contains gas at low pressure. Standard brightness bulbs are filled with an argon or neon gas mixture, and high-brightness lamps are filled with a pure neon gas. Once the gas ionizes, the operation of the lamp can be maintained at a lower voltage, and the maintaining voltage may vary between 10-20 volts depending on the lamp and operating current. Cost Range- ₹500 - 2000/Square Feet
- 7. High Intensity Discharge Lamps: Metal halide, mercury vapor, self-ballasted- mercury lamps and high-pressure-sodium lamps all are high intensity discharge lamps. These lamps are specially designed with inner glass tubes that include tungsten electrodes with electrical arc. This inner glass tube is filled with both metals and gas. These lamps produce a large quantity of light compared to the fluorescent and incandescent lamps. High-intensity- discharge lamps are normally used when high levels of light are required over large areas which include outdoor activity areas, gymnasiums, large public areas, pathways, roadways and parking lots. Cost Range- ₹ 900 (150 W) Low Pressure Sodium Lamps: Low-pressure-sodium lamp is the first sodium lamp which has the maximum efficiency than all the other lighting systems. These lamps operate much like a fluorescent lamp and there is a brief heat up period for the lamp to reach full brightness. Low pressure sodium lamps are commonly used in places like roads, pathways, outdoor areas and parking lot wherein color is not important as such. Cost Range- ₹ 4500 (35W)
- 8. Philips Mounted Luminaire (7W) Cost- ₹ 750-1000 Suitable for fluorescent lamps Wipro Industrial LED Luminaire (suspended)- 39W Cost- ₹ 1500-2500 Spreads around the room, making glare less likely. Syska LED Surface Down Light Square Recessed Ceiling Lamp (12W) Cost- ₹ 2500-3500 Used in shopping malls, showrooms, galleries, etc. Philips LED Bollard Light- 10W Cost- ₹ 7000 Used in gardens, pathways, gate tops Havells LED Jeta Neo 100W Flood Light Cost- ₹ 7000-9000 Used in Open Playing Fields and stadiums Havells LED 200W Flood Light Cost- ₹ 12000-18000 Used in Open Playing Fields and stadiums 24W LED Wall Washer Light Cost- ₹ 3500-4500 Used below walls for aesthetic night lights. Internet Survey Philips LED Recessed Down light (9W) Cost- ₹ 3500-4000 Used in homes, offices, institutions etc.
- 9. Internet Survey LED Up-down Wall Lights (4W) Cost- ₹ 1000-2000 Suitable for outdoor and indoor aesthetic wall lighting LED Wall Lamps (5W) Cost- ₹ 2000-4000 Suitable for indoor aesthetic wall lighting Standing Floor Lamps (9W) Cost- ₹ 3000-7000 Suitable for bedroom, living room ambience lighting Glass Hanging Lights (4W) Cost- ₹ 1000- 5000 Used in kitchen countertops, over dining table, etc. Clara Brown Wooden LED Hanging Lamp (9W) Cost- ₹ 9000-12000 Used in kitchen countertops, over dining table, etc. Underwater Swimming Pool Light (15W) Cost- ₹ 3000-5000 Used in swimming pools and Jacuzzis. Gigamax 30 W Cool White Waterproof LED Flood Light M-02 Cost- ₹ 500-750 Used in wedding, functions or to focus light on the buildings Bajaj LED ABS street lights (30W) Cost- ₹ 2500 Used as streetlights and nighlights.
- 10. Internet Survey Crompton Post Top Light (18W) Cost- ₹ 2500 Used in driveways,gardens and at entrance posts of house or porch Soulful (black) Wall Light (9W) Cost- ₹ 5000 Used in bedside lamp or a wall light. Often used over bathroom mirrors. Syska LED Tube Light (22W) Cost- ₹ 300-350 Used in homes, bedrooms, toilets,and other spaces Ikea spotlight (35 W) Cost- ₹ 1700 Used in showrooms, galleries and cafes for ambience lighting Mirror lights 10pc (5W) Cost- ₹ 4500-5000 Used over mirrors for better lighting Showtime medium Pending Lights (9W) Cost- ₹ 5000- 6000 Used in Dinings, Restaurants Mufasa 9W LED Gate Pole Light Cost- ₹ 1495 Used along the gates and walkways VL-4 way Square Outdoor Facade Wall Light (5W) Cost- ₹ 1999 Used on the facades of houses, hotels, resorts.
- 11. Summary • The cost of the luminaires depend on the wattage of light. • Halogen based lights are used in industries. • Luminaires imported from Europe cost more than Indian Luminaires while the ones imported from China and Korea cost significantly less. • Materials used in luminaires are Steel, Glass, PVC, Wood and Aluminium • Major Brands include- • Philips • Havels • Orient • Syska • Bajaj • Crompton