Linked Data applications for BIM
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The document discusses the integration of linked (meta)data principles in Building Information Modeling (BIM) to address challenges such as semantic disambiguation across disciplines. It highlights the limitations of existing formats like IFC express/STEP and suggests using RDF-based languages to improve interoperability between different data schemas. Additionally, it presents various applications and ongoing projects aimed at enhancing building data management and real-time monitoring through linked metadata.
Linked Data applications for BIM
- 1. Linked (meta)Data Principles and Applications for BIM Ana Roxin EA7508, CNRS, Arts et Métiers, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) Contact: ana-maria.roxin@ubfc.fr Monday, March the 26th 2018 Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM
- 2. Greatest challenge for BIM… Monday, March the 26th 2018 2Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM Text extracted from an article by Mark Baldwin, BIMconnect.org "We generally understand these concepts to refer to the same thing, however in BIM we need to be much more specific." "Different disciplines often use different terms to describe the same thing. What an architect may call "insulation factor", a building services engineer may call "U-value". While a product manufacturer may refer to "thermal conductivity"".
- 3. Semantic Disambiguation Monday, March the 26th 2018 Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM 3 "U-Value" of wall W12 ? ??? Metadata "U-Value" of wall W12 ? Interpret "U-Value" as being the same as "thermalConductivity as defined in IfcThermalMaterialProperties" 0,2 Btu/(hr·ft⋅F) Building services engineer ifc:thermalConductivity_IfcThermalMaterialProperties http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifcOWL/IFC2X3_Final#thermalConductivity_IfcThermalMaterialProperties Identifier on the Web of the concept of "thermal conductivity" as defined by IFC
- 4. What has been done until now Monday, March the 26th 2018 4 IFC EXPRESS/STEP Drawbacks for EXPRESS/STEP-based formats: • Queries are software-dependent • Impossible to combine several IFC files and query the collection • Difficult to make links to other types of data • Not adapted for deducing new information ifcOWL (IFC STEP translated into OWL) Remaining problems: • Still difficult understanding of IFC object properties and relationships • Complex access to the semantics of building data • Very little links to other vocabularies • No leverage from constraints dictated by the EXPRESS/STEP file format The graph structure of ifcOWL allows addressing some limitations but not in an optimal way ! Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM
- 5. What is "Linked (meta)Data" ? Monday, March the 26th 2018 5 1st Resources have to be identified with IRIs 2nd Use HTTP to access resources 3rd Resources must be described with RDF- based languages 4th RDF links must be defined to concepts in other schemas Specify relations to concepts, properties as existing in different standard schemas… Principles Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM Machine-processable description (OWL) of the IfcBuilding concept, presented in a human-readable format (HTML) Web-scale identifier of the "IfcBuilding" concept with respect to IFC2x3 Implementation example Comments http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifcOWL/ Direct links to all ifcOWL vocabularies defined (e.g. IFC2x3, IFC4) … these are missing from ifcOWL, namely because they are out of its scope !
- 6. Linking Schemas - Example Monday, March the 26th 2018 6 ifcOWL BOT ifcowl:IfcBuilding bot:Building owl:equivalentClass @prefix ifc: <http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifcOWL/IFC2X3_Final#> . @prefix bot: <https://w3id.org/bot#> . … … ifc:IfcBuilding a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass bot:Building; … @prefix bot: <https://w3id.org/bot#> . @prefix ifc: <http://www.buildingsmart- tech.org/ifcOWL/IFC2X3_Final#> . … … bot:Building a owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass ifc:IfcBuilding; … Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/ifcOWL/IFC2X3_Final https://github.com/w3c-lbd-cg/bot/blob/master/bot.ttl
- 7. bSDD Human knowledge Why we need to go further ? Monday, March the 26th 2018 7 ifc:thermalConductivity_IfcThermalMaterialProperties a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain ifc:IfcThermalMaterialProperties ; rdfs:label "ThermalConductivity" ; rdfs:range ifc:IfcThermalConductivityMeasure . ifcowl bsdd:insulation_factor bsdd:u_valve bsdd:thermal_conductivity owl:equivalentProperty Several vocabularies/schemas/models (defined with Semantic Web languages) exist. There is no need to re-define them: - just add links towards them and - verify they are correctly accessed and interpreted. Only missing and needed concepts should be defined. Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM IFD (ISO 12006-3) ifd:Property ifd:ObjectProperty ifd:MeasureProperty ifd:Measure ifd:hasMeasure rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subClassOf ifd:Unit ifd:hasUnit NASA QUDT Units Ontology unit: http://www.qudt.org/qudt/owl/1.0.0/unit/ qudt: http://www.qudt.org/qudt/owl/1.0.0/qudt/Properties.html# quantity: http://www.qudt.org/qudt/owl/1.0.0/quantity/index.html# unit:BtuFootPerSquareFootHourDegreeFahrenheit qudt:quantityKind quantity:ThermalConductivity
- 8. Initiatives Monday, March the 26th 2018 8Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM French ifcWoD – IFC adapted fro LD (presented at bSI Rotterdam) LD Perspective for BIM (presented at bSI Jeju) ifcViews - Extract IFC elements as defined in an MVD (presented at bSI Jeju) Linked Data implementation of the Unified Code of Units and Measures (UCUM) (Maxime Lefrançois) Aligning classifications – Classifications WG (presented earlier by Y. Cotherel) Regulations checking – CSTB (presented tomorrow RR1 session) International Simplifying ifcOWL structure (presented at ECPPM with P. Pauwels) Querying and reasoning over large scale building datasets – benchmark MVD whitepaper (presented at bSI Barcelona with M. Weise) Towards a modular ifcOWL (presented at FOMI by P. Pauwels and W. Terkaj) The BOT and its applications for HVAC managers (presented at bSI London by Mads H. Rasmussen) The W3C Linked Building Data CG (2017 workshop was in Dijon) 2016 2018 2016 2017
- 9. Example application: querying Monday, March the 26th 2018 Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM 9 Building envelope ? More about this use case in the presentation of Mads Holten Rasmussen Tuesday March the 27th, Session 4 (BR4), 16h30
- 10. Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM Example application: IFC↔COBie Monday, March the 26th 2018 10 IFC COBie How to combine them ? IFC and COBie schemas are represented through autonomous ontologies Mapping rules exist in the form of COBieMVD ifcOWL COBie OWL COBieMVD Issue: Idea: Application: Can be transformed into "links" from one schema to the other Retrieve COBie data originally described using IFC (and vice versa)
- 11. Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM Example application: Regulations Monday, March the 26th 2018 11 Building data Regulations How to combine them ? Transform existing regulations into logical rules (IF -> THEN) Apply these constraints on top of existing building data Issue: Idea: Implementation: The building data is classified / categorized accordingly Definition of a high-level vocabulary (regulations ontology) + Description of existing French regulations (e.g. fire protection) based on this vocabulary.
- 12. "Communicating Matter for BIM" ongoing ANR financed project (2017-2020) N° ANR-17-CE10-0014-03 Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM Example application: Concrete Monday, March the 26th 2018 12 Placing tags directly into concrete Add metadata to the small pieces of data gathered with the tags Issues: Idea: Application: Directly integrate them into an IFC file (building snippet) How to get information about the building’s concrete elements? How to have a real-time snippet of a building's state ? We envision applications for: • Concrete manufacturing • Construction site supervision • Structural health monitoring
- 13. Conclusion Linked Data is Linked Metadata • 4 principles for linking existing schema definitions • The original data is not modified when augmented with metadata It is a lightweight, scalable and fast approach, that allows : • Specifying to a machine how data should be interpreted • Integrating, querying and reasoning over data annotated with such metadata • Justifying inferences or deductions made Linked (meta)Data is a way of defining a building's "digital twin" • Thus a computer can approximate the meaning of the data it handles Monday, March the 26th 2018 Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM 13
- 14. Thank you for your attention. Contact: ana-maria.roxin@ubfc.fr Monday, March the 26th 2018 Ana Roxin - Linked (meta)Data for BIM 14
Editor's Notes
- #3: - equivalencies among concepts - in what context each synonym must be used - links to synonyms existing in vocabularies such as ifcOWL
- #4: Adding such metadata doesn't modify the data itself, you just explicitly define how the computer should interpret your input.
- #5: IFC – common data schema
- #6: HTTP allows: delivering the resource description needed for each type of actor (computers -> RDF, humans -> HTML) determining when two resources are identical (same IRIs)
- #8: Defining equivalencies is ok, but there are more links to be defined and missing concepts to be created. https://bimconnect.org/en/objects/buildingsmart-data-dictionary/?utm_content=buffer3f4ce&utm_medium=social&utm_source=linkedin.com&utm_campaign=buffer Need to be explicit – going from simple strings to machine processable concepts Such concept is reachable via HTTP, has a machine-readable definition/description, is linked to other "same as" existing concepts in other vocabularies. Mapping of Terms – International Framework for Dictionaries (IFD) The Data Dictionary is one of the core components of the buildingSMART technology. The bSDD is a reference library based on the IFD standard and intended to support improved interoperability in the building and construction industry. The bSDD provides a flexible and robust method of linking existing databases with construction information to a buildingSMART based Building Information Model (BIM).