Library Linked Data and the Future of Bibliographic Control
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This document discusses library linked data and the future of bibliographic control. It begins by asking what library linked data means and why it is important now. To combine the best of libraries and the web, metadata must be on the web and open for others to use. The principles of linked data are described, including using URIs, HTTP URIs, providing useful information in RDF, and including links to other URIs. The building blocks of linked data like RDF and triples are explained. Examples of existing library linked data projects are provided. The BIBFRAME initiative to develop a new framework to manage library data as linked data is outlined.
Library Linked Data and the Future of Bibliographic Control
- 1. Library Linked Data and the Future of Bibliographic Control Alastair Boyd & Marlene van Ballegooie February 1, 2013
- 2. Library Linked Data and the Future of Bibliographic Control What does this mean? Why now? 2
- 3. Library Linked Data and the Future of Bibliographic Control What does this mean? Why now? Is there a future for “bibliographic control”? 3
- 4. OCLC ‘Perceptions of Libraries, 2010’ 4
- 5. Credo Reference “Libraries Thriving” survey 2012 5
- 6. Library Linked Data and the Future of Bibliographic Control To combine the best of libraries and the best of the web... • metadata must be on the web • data must be open, useable by others 6
- 7. Library Linked Data and the Future of Bibliographic Control To combine the best of libraries and the best of the Time web... flies like an arrow; • fruit flies like on the web metadata must be a banana. • data must be open, useable by others 7
- 8. Linked Data “describes a method of publishing structured data so that it can be interlinked and become more useful. It builds upon standard Web technologies such as HTTP and URIs, but rather than using them to serve web pages for human readers, it extends them to share information in a way that can be read automatically by computers. This enables data from different sources to be connected and queried.” Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_data
- 11. Why Linked Data for Libraries? We have a huge store of valuable, trusted data Library catalogue is a self contained data silo with no connection to the data on the Web MARC not popular outside the library community Provides a framework for sharing semantically rich data in a Web-friendly way. Will allow libraries to be part of the Web of Data.
- 13. Principles of Linked Data 1. Use URIs as names for things. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12558693 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows http://sws.geonames.org/6167 865 http://viaf.org/viaf/109322990
- 14. Principles of Linked Data 2. Use HTTP URIs, so that people can look up those names. 3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using standards (RDF).
- 15. Principles of Linked Data 4. Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover more things. http://www.utoronto.ca/person/Margaret-Atwood http://dbpedia.org/resource/Margaret_Atwood Links to more things Links to more things http://dbpedia.org/resource/Women_novelists http://dbpedia.org/resource/Booker_Prize_winners
- 16. Building Blocks of Linked Data
- 17. Resource Description Framework (RDF) Primary data model for Linked Data It’s not a format; it’s a framework for describing data. Can be used to represent information about things. (i.e. book, person, idea, etc.) RDF allows you to link a resource to other resources on the Web. RDF will enable greater precision in Web searches.
- 18. RDF Triples Describe Relationships Concept of triples is used to describe a relationship between two things. subject – predicate – object Statement: “Margaret Atwood is the author of ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’.” Margaret Atwood (subject) IsAuthorOf The Handmaid’s Tale Each triple is a statement about a resource. (predicate) (object)
- 19. RDF Triples http://viaf.org/viaf/109322990 Atwood, Margaret, 1939- (predicate) (subject) http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator creator The Handmaid’s Tale http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12558693 (object)
- 20. RDF triples, create RDF graphs Statements combine to form graphs A graph is of no fixed size and contains no predetermined types of statements. Margaret Atwood IsAuthorOf IsAuthorOf The Handmaid’s Tale IsPublishedIn Alias Grace IsPublishedBy IsPublishedBy IsPublishedIn London Toronto McClelland & Stewart Bloomsbury
- 21. How Does This Relate to MARC?
- 22. Relationships Are Defined in RDF name type http://utoronto.ca/cat/7866185 Schema:Book Alias Grace sameAs author about http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/612720361 http://viaf.org/viaf/109322990 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh89007039 name name Atwood, Margaret, 1939- Women murderers http://utoronto.ca/cat/7866185 schema:name “Alias Grace” . http://utoronto.ca/cat/7866185 rdf:type schema:Book . http://utoronto.ca/cat/7866185 schema:author <http://viaf.org/viaf/109322990> . http://utoronto.ca/cat/7866185 schema:about <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh89007039> .
- 23. RDF graphs create a 'web of data' WorldCat LCSH http://utoronto.ca/cat/7866185 Geonames Publisher Web Site DBpedia VIAF
- 24. Linked Open Data Cloud Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/
- 25. Library Linked Data Examples
- 27. Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
- 28. LIBRIS – Swedish National Library
- 29. BL - British National Bibliography
- 31. OCLC WorldCat
- 32. BIBFRAME Initiative Draft released November 21, 2012 Requirements •Content model agnostic •Description and management of all types of library holdings, traditional and born-digital •Provision for all library data: bibliographic, authority, holdings, classification •Replace MARC 32
- 34. BIBFRAME Model
- 35. BIBFRAME Model
- 36. BIBFRAME Model
- 38. Putting it into practice Migrating MARC to Linked data environment ● Prototype of translation services & interfaces ● Publishing RDF vocabulary for Bibframe model, mappings to MARC and RDA ● Continued work with “Early Experimenters” Developing other tools and supporting services ● Prototype open source cataloguing interfaces ● Encourage faceted search interfaces 38
- 39. Putting it into practice Migrating MARC to Linked data environment Work level data in XML <!-- Work --> <Report id = "http://bibframe/work/frbr-report"> <title>Functional requirements for bibliographic records :</title> <titleRemainder>final report / IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records ; approved by the Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing.</titleRemainder> <creator resource = "http://bibframe/auth/org/ifla" /> <subject resource = "http://bibframe/auth/topic/cataloging" /> <subject resource = "http://bibframe/auth/topic/bibliography" /> <subject resource = "http://bibframe/auth/topic/frbr" /> <language>English</language> <hasInstance resource="http://bibframe/inst/frbr-1997-09-01:0" /> <hasInstance resource="http://bibframe/inst/frbr-1997-09-01:1" /> <hasInstance resource="http://bibframe/inst/frbr-1997-09-01:2" /> </Report> 39
- 40. Putting it into practice Migrating MARC to Linked data environment Instance level data in XML <!-- Instance --> <HardcoverBook id="http://bibframe/inst/frbr-1997-09-01:0"> <date>1998</date> <place resource=”http://bibframe/auth/geo/münchen” /> <publisher resource="http://bibframe/auth/org/k.g.saur" /> <isbn>359811382X</isbn> </HardcoverBook> <!-- Instance --> <DigitalResource id="http://bibframe/inst/frbr-1997-09-01:1"> <link>http://www.ifla.org/files/cataloguing/frbr/frbr_2008.pdf</link> <format>application/pdf</format> <date>1997-09-01</date> <publisher resource="http://bibframe/auth/org/ifla" /> </DigitalResource> … etc. 40
- 41. Putting it into practice Migrating MARC to Linked data environment <!-- BIBFRAME Topic --> <Topic id="http://bibframe/auth/topic/bibliography"> <label>Bibliography</label> <generalSubdivision>Methodology</generalSubdivision> <hasIDLink resource=”http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/ sh85013838” /> </Topic> <!-- BIBFRAME Topic --> <Topic id="http://bibframe/auth/topic/cataloging"> <label>Cataloging</label> <hasIDLink resource=”http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/ sh85020816” /> </Topic> <!-- BIBFRAME Organization --> <Organization id="http://bibframe/auth/org/ifla"> <label>IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records</label> <link>http://www.ifla.org/</link> <hasIDLink resource="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr98013265” /> </Organization>etc. 41
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- 44. Think of the possibilities… •Oslo Public Library “Active book” prototype 44
- 45. Think of the possibilities… “Credibility overlays” on search engine results 45
- 46. The end of the ILS “Library Service Platforms” as the next-generation of integrated data management for libraries ● actual sharing rather than copying of records ● pooling of resources (e.g. sharing of apps) 46
- 48. Next steps for us: ● Visit LC’s Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative: http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/ ● Visit BIBFRAME.org: http://www.bibframe.org ● Watch “Tim Berner-Lee on the next Web”: http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_on_the_next_web.html ● Read the Bibframe draft document available online: http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/news/bibframe-112312.html ● Join the Bibframe list: bibframe@listserv.loc.gov ● Start talking to vendors…. 48