Linux nic training_intro_14_dec_09
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This document provides an overview of open source software. It begins with definitions of open source and discusses how open source allows anyone to freely use, modify, and share source code. It outlines the core criteria that define open source licenses. It then compares freeware and shareware models and discusses popular open source licenses like GPL and BSD. The document discusses Linux versus Windows, the origins of Linux from Linus Torvalds, popular Linux distributions, and common Linux applications. It provides examples of office, graphics, internet, and development tools. It concludes with discussions of the Linux file structure and useful Linux commands.
Linux nic training_intro_14_dec_09
- 1. NATIONAL INFORMATICS CENTRE CHENNAI Welcome To The Lecturer on “Open Source” 14-Dec-2009
- 2. Introduction What is Open Source? "Open source" makes the source code of software freely available, so that anyone can download, use, modify, and redistribute their software. “Huge Community Support”
- 3. Open Source Criteria 1. Free Redistribution 2. Source Code 3. Derived Works 4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code 5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups 6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor 7. Distribution of License 8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product 9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software 10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral
- 4. Freeware vs Shareware Freeware No community and no development infrastructure. Forbids the user to alter the program, repackage it, or sell it. It might allow redistribution. Freeware can be downloaded for free. Shareware Shareware is the distribution of software to another person for evaluation for a limited number of days. After trying it out, we have to pay the fee to gain full use of the software.
- 5. Open Source Licenses Copyright & License Copyright - safeguards the ownership of an intellectual property. License - a document lets someone to use your intellectual property. Open Source Licenses GNU General Public License (GPL) Requires derivate works to also fall under the GPL. Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Does not require derivate works to also fall under the BSD license
- 6. Linux Vs Windows Particular Linux Windows Software Cost Free /Low Costly Easy Easy Easier More Reliable than Reliability Windows Required further improvement Sofware Tools Less Numbers but freely More but Cost Hardware driver and user Interfaces Few Many More vulnerable to Security Very few attacks viruses/attacks Open Source Yes No Support Less Compare to windows Better Support
- 7. Linux Origin Linux is a “free” Unix-type operating system originally created by “Linus Torvalds” with the assistance of developers around the world. August 25 1991 “Linus” conceives the idea of Linux and announces the project.
- 8. Introduction to Linux Linux, also known as GNU/Linux, is a free, UNIX-like operating system, developed originally for home PCs, but which now runs on every hardware platform. Linux is an implementation of UNIX. Linux – Multiuser, Multitasking, Multiprocessing, Multithreading Operating Systems.
- 9. Why Linux? Linux, is a free, UNIX-like operating system. Works on any kind of Hardwares ( PC/Workstations/Embedded Systems/Mainframe ) . Comes with complete development environment includes compilers, toolkits, scripting Languages. Linux boxes are known for running months or even years at a time without crashing, freezing, or having to be rebooted - “stability”. Linux provides rich Graphical User Interface (GUI) Support. Strong Security Nature – iptables, file permissions, ownership's, ...
- 12. OPEN OFFICE OpenOffice.org, commonly known as OpenOffice, is open source software application suite. An office application suite used mainly for documenting purposes like, Office documents (Writer), Excel sheets (calc), Drawings (Draw), Powerpoint Presentations (Impress), ...
- 13. OPENOFFICE... Writer A word processor similar to Microsoft Word and WordPerfect. It can export Portable Document Format (PDF) files with no additional soft- ware, and can function as a basic WYSIWYG editor for creating and editing web pages.
- 14. OPENOFFICE... Calc A spreadsheet similar to Microsoft Excel and Lotus 1-2-3. Calc provides a number of features not present in Excel, including a system which automatically defines series for graphing, based on the layout of the user’s data. Calc can also export spreadsheets to the PDF format. (See ooWriter entry, above, for details of PDF).
- 15. OPENOFFICE... Draw A vector graphics editor and diagramming tool, similar to Microsoft Visio and comparable in features to early versions of CorelDRAW. It features versatile "connectors" between shapes, which are available in a range of line styles and facilitate building drawings such as flowcharts. Draw can also export its creations to the PDF format.
- 16. OPENOFFICE... Impress A presentation program similar to Microsoft PowerPoint. It can export presentations to Adobe Flash (SWF) files, allowing them to be played on any computer with a Flash player installed. It also includes the ability to create PDF files, and the ability to read Microsoft PowerPoint's .ppt format.
- 17. INTERNET BROWSERS Firefox FireFox is a web browser created by Mozilla. Open source web browser. Opera Opera is a Web browser and Internet suite developed by the Opera Software company. wget wget is non-interactive, meaning that it can work in the background a command line browser
- 18. GRAPHICS GIMP GIMP - GNU Image Manipulation Program It is a freely distributed program for such tasks as photo retouching, image composition and image authoring Supports Major File Formats like (png, jpg, jpeg,gif …) *(similar to Photoshop) Scribus Scribus is a desktop publishing (DTP) application (Scribus is an Open Source program).
- 19. MISC. TOOLS K3B – Rich GUI support Creating data cd's Creating audio cd's DVD burning... Brasero Disc Burning Tool Brasero is yet another application to burn discs (gnome desktop) Vlc VLC media player is an open source, free software media player and multimedia framework. Reading most audio and video formats (MPEG-2, MPEG-4, DivX, MPEG-1, mp3, ogg, aac ...)
- 20. MISC. TOOLS... What is Terminal? which only displays text on the screen without pictures. It just an powerful interface. free and open source add-on package for Linux that allows many people to simultaneously use the same computer.
- 21. MISC. TOOLS... WINE Wine is a free software application that aims to allow Unix-like computer operating systems to execute programs written for Microsoft Windows. Wine is heavily reliant on its user community. Wine makes it possible to take advantage of all the Unix strong points (stability, flexibility, remote administration) while still using the Windows applications you depend on.
- 23. LINUX FILE STRUCTURE... root - The home directory for the root user home - Contains the user's home directories bin - Commands needed during bootup that might be needed by normal users sbin - Like bin but commands are not intended for normal users. proc - This filesystem is not on a disk. It is a virtual filesystem that exists in the kernels imagination which is memory.
- 24. LINUX FILE STRUCTURE... usr - Contains all commands, libraries, man pages, games and static files for normal Operation. lib - Unchanging data files/shared files for programs and subsystems. local - The place for locally installed software and other files. mnt - Mount points for temporary mounts by the system administrator.
- 25. LINUX FILE STRUCTURE... boot - Files used by the bootstrap loader, LILO. Kernel images are often kept here. var - This directory contains files of variable file storage. Files in /var are dynamic and are constantly being written to or changed.. etc - Configuration files specific to the machine. dev - Contains device files required for interfacing with hardware. Devices in UNIX are either block or character devices.
- 26. Useful Linux Commands Help Commands command-name - - help Lists information about the command. info command-name man command-name Example: ls - - help info ls man ls
- 27. Useful Linux Commands... Directory and file location commands cp source destination - Copies a file from source to destination. Example cp /usr/test.txt /opt/ mv source destination- Moves a file from source to destination also renames file source to destination. Example mv /usr/test.txt /opt/rename.txt rm filename - Deletes (removes) a file Example rm test.txt
- 28. Useful Linux Commands... Directory and file location commands... ls - Lists the contents of a directory Example - ls /opt mkdir filename - Creates (makes) a directory Example - mkdir test-dir rmdir filename - Deletes (removes) a directory Example - rmdir test-dir
- 29. Useful Linux Commands... system administration commands useradd - Add a new user Example : useradd user-name-to-add userdel - Deletes a user Example : userdel user-name-to-delete groupadd - Add a new group Example : groupadd group-name-to-add groupdel - Deletes a group Example : groupdel group-name-to-delete passwd - Changes the password Example : passwd username
- 30. Useful Linux Commands... system administration commands... fdisk - Partition management utility Example : fdisk -ls df - Lists all mounted file systems and usage Example : df Example : df partition/name - (for partition name see fdisk) mount - mountSystem Mount a disk to the mount System Example : mount top - Views processor usage Example : top
- 31. Useful Linux Commands... cd – Change Directory Change the current working directory. Ex : 1. cd personal – change the directory into personal. 2. cd .. - Back one directory on the majority of all Unix shells. It is important that the space be between the cd and the ..
- 32. LINUX FILE STRUCTURE In the Linux operating system, all file systems are contained within one directory hierarchy. The root directory is the top level directory, and all its subdirectories make up the directory hierarchy. All directories are grouped under the root entry "/".
- 33. Q/A SESSION ???
- 34. Thank you...