lipids.powerpoint presentation in science
- 1. Lipids
- 2. Lipids are naturally occurring compounds that can be isolated from plants and animals.
- 3. Lipids ● Lipids have a very varied structure, but have an abundance of carbon and hydrogen, with the addition of some elements like phosphorus, nitrogen, and oxygen. Beeswax is an example of a natural lipid
- 4. Properties ● Lipids are known to be hydrophobic or water-insoluble. ○ They are, however, lipophilic or soluble in nonpolar solvents like hexane. ● Lipids are more classified based on physical behavior than chemical structure, unlike the other biomolecules such as carbohydrates and proteins.
- 5. Classifying Lipids Saponifiable Lipids ● Saponifiable lipids produce fatty acid salts or soap upon reaction with NaOH. The production of fatty acid salt or soap upon the reaction between saponifiable lipid and sodium hydroxide.
- 6. Classifying Lipids Saponifiable Lipids ● Triacylglycerols are triesters of glycerol with three long-chain carboxylic acids called fatty acids. Examples of fatty acids
- 7. Classifying Lipids Saponifiable Lipids ● Phospholipids are like triacylglycerols; however, one fatty acid is replaced with phosphoric acid. Phospholipid bilayer, the primary structural component of biological membranes
- 8. Classifying Lipids Nonsaponifiable Lipids ● Nonsaponifiable lipids do not produce salts when added with NaOH solution. ○ Examples are steroids and terpenes. Steroid structure
- 9. Classifying Lipids Nonsaponifiable Lipids ● Steroids is a class of lipids containing steroid nucleus. ○ Contrary to common knowledge, steroids can be found in both animals and plants. Progesterone and hydrocortisone are both steroid hormones
- 10. Classifying Lipids Nonsaponifiable Lipids ● Terpenes are compounds constructed from recurring isoprene units. An isoprene unit of terpenes
- 11. Other Functions of Lipids ● Some vitamins are under the large group of lipids ○ The most notable are vitamin A or retinol, vitamin D, vitamin E, and Vitamin K. Vitamins are lipid-soluble compounds
- 12. Other Functions of Lipids ● Some lipids are essential to oxidation-reduction reactions as notable electron carriers. Examples include the ubiquinone in animal electron transport chain and plastoquinone in the photosynthetic machinery. ● Pheromones are chemical signals that are given off by an organism that can trigger a variety of reactions in other organisms. An example is muscalure in flies.
- 13. Lipids are more classified based on physical behavior than chemical structure, unlike the other biomolecules. 1 Lipids can be classified into saponifiable and non- saponifiable lipids and have a large variety of functions based on their structure and classifications. 2 Lipids are naturally occurring compounds that can be isolated from plants and animals. 3
- 14. 1. This refers to the process of which involves the hydrolysis of esters by NaOH. 2. These lipids produce fatty acid salts or soap upon reaction with NaOH. 3. These are triesters of glycerol with three long-chain carboxylic acids called fatty acids. 4. These lipids do not produce salts when added with NaOH solution. 5. Because of their polar head and nonpolar tail, phospholipids are organized into the cell membrane as this term. Identify the terms being described by the statements below.
- 15. Why is lipid structure highly varied?