Live to Help Another Day: Student Notes
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Operation Lifesaver is a non-profit initiative aimed at reducing collisions and injuries at highway-railway crossings by educating emergency responders and the public. The program emphasizes safety measures and the implementation of warning signs and devices, contributing to a significant decline in train-related accidents since 1981. Key materials, including training videos and manuals, are available to enhance awareness and preparedness among emergency personnel.
Live to Help Another Day: Student Notes
- 1. STUDENT NOTES Live to Help Another Day Highway-Railway Crossing Awareness Training for Emergency Responders
- 2. WHAT WE DO Operation Lifesaver is a nationwide, non-profit public information and education organization dedicated to eliminating collisions, injuries, and fatalities at highway-railway crossings and from trespassing on railway rights-of-way. The program provides information to professional truck drivers, school bus drivers, motor coach and transit drivers, emergency responders, and the general public. WHO WE ARE Operation Lifesaver is a partnership initiative of the Railway Association of Canada and Transport Canada and works in cooperation with the rail industry, government, police, unions, and many public organizations and community groups. WHY WE DO IT The program has contributed significantly to a more than 75 percent reduction in train/vehicle collisions and casualties since 1981, despite a nationwide increase in train and vehicle traffic. PROOF IT WORKS 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1980 1981 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Crossing Accidents Trespassing Accidents MORE RESOURCES For additional learning materials and access to supplementary videos and audio recordings, visit www.operationlifesaver.ca.
- 3. STUDENT NOTES TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 NEED TO KNOW TARGET AUDIENCE GOALS TOOLS NOTES ON PREVENTING COLLISIONS ............................................................................................................... 2 WARNING SIGNS AND DEVICES Passive Signs/Pavement Markings in Advance of Highway-Railway Crossings Active Signs in Advance of Highway-Railway Crossings Passive Signs/Pavement Markings at Highway-Railway Crossings Active Devices at Highway-Railway Crossings RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES AT HIGHWAY-RAILWAY CROSSINGS TRAIN FACTS....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 HIGHWAY-RAILWAY CROSSING FACTS ............................................................................................................. 6 MORE INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 1
- 4. LIVE TO HELP ANOTHER DAY INTRODUCTION About 250 collisions occur each year at highway-railway crossings resulting in the death or serious injury of 70 people. These injuries include amputations, paralysis, severe burns, and lacerations. All of them are preventable. NEED TO KNOW ■■ Highway-railway crossings are intersections where the road crosses the railway tracks. TARGET AUDIENCE ■■ EMS. ■■ Firefighters. ■■ Police officers. ■■ All those who respond to emergencies. GOALS ■■ Make emergency responders aware of the dangers that exist at highway-railway crossings. The primary contributing ■■ Teach emergency responders the steps to ensure their own safety, along with that of the people in their care, at highway-railway crossings. i cause of vehicle-train collisions is driver error. TOOLS ■■ Instructor’s Manual & Student Notes: these materials will help you to prepare emergency responders to successfully navigate the potential dangers at railway crossings. ■■ Video, “Live to Help Another Day”: teaches emergency responders the correct procedures to follow at highway-railway crossings to ensure their own safety, along with the people in their care. ■■ Safety Quiz: 16 questions based on information presented in the Video and Student Notes: six multiple choice questions, 10 true or false. ■■ Website: visit www.operationlifesaver.ca for additional learning materials, including access to supplementary videos and audio material. 1
- 5. STUDENT NOTES NOTES ON PREVENTING COLLISIONS WARNING SIGNS AND DEVICES Visit the Operation Lifesaver website at http://www.operationlifesaver.ca/facts-and-stats/signs-and-devices/, for further information on this section. Signs and traffic control devices are installed along roads near highway-railway crossings to: ■■ Regulate, warn and guide traffic. ■■ Alert drivers to the presence of railway tracks and the possibility of an approaching train. ■■ Provide a safety message and remind drivers of the laws regarding highway-railway crossings. ■■ Serve as a reminder to emergency responders when they’re experiencing the stress and sense of urgency that comes with responding to an emergency. PASSIVE SIGNS/PAVEMENT MARKINGS IN ADVANCE OF HIGHWAY-RAILWAY CROSSINGS These are non-active signs that warn that a highway-railway crossing is ahead. Yellow Diamond-Shaped Advance Warning Sign ■■ Warns drivers that the road crosses railway tracks ahead. ■■ Shows the angle of the track to the road. ■■ Reminds you to slow down, look and listen for a train and be prepared to stop if a train is approaching. Yellow Diamond-Shaped Parallel Track Sign ■■ Identifies highway-railway intersections that appear immediately after making either a right or a left turn. Pavement Markings ■■ A white “X” may be painted on the pavement in advance of highway-railway crossings. ■■ A double Stop line may be painted on the pavement five metres prior to the crossing. ■■ You must stop your vehicle no closer than five metres and no farther than 15 metres from the nearest rail. 2
- 6. LIVE TO HELP ANOTHER DAY ACTIVE SIGNS IN ADVANCE OF HIGHWAY-RAILWAY CROSSINGS These are automated devices that warn of an approaching train. Yellow Diamond-Shaped Advance Warning Sign with Yellow Flashing Lights ■■ Warns drivers that they are approaching a highway-railway crossing. ■■ When the yellow lights are flashing it indicates that the crossing signals are, or are about to become, active. ■■ Be prepared to stop. ■■ Shows the angle of the track to the road. PASSIVE SIGNS/PAVEMENT MARKINGS AT HIGHWAY-RAILWAY CROSSINGS The Railway Crossing Sign – also known as a “Crossbuck” ■■ The most common sign at public highway-railway crossings. ■■ Indicates to drivers that they must yield the right-of-way, stopping if necessary, before entering the railway crossing area and must not proceed until it is safe to do so. 2 ■■ If there is more than one track, a sign below the Crossbuck indicates the number of tracks present. After one train has passed, look and listen for another train approaching from either direction. Be especially careful at crossings without gates, flashing lights or bell(s). ■■ Always expect a train. STOP and YIELD signs (when used at highway-railway crossings) STOP ■■ ■■ Mean the same as they do at highway intersections. The Stop sign indicates to drivers that they must stop their vehicles completely before entering the railway crossing area and must not proceed until it is safe to do so. ■■ The Yield sign indicates to drivers that they must yield the right-of-way, stopping if necessary, before entering the railway crossing area and must not proceed until it is safe to do so. The EXEMPT sign EXEMPT ■■ Used in some provinces and placed below the Crossbuck. ■■ Informs drivers of vehicles required by law to stop at all highway-railway crossings, that a stop is not required, except when a train is approaching or occupying the crossing, or the driver’s view of the sign is blocked. 3
- 7. STUDENT NOTES DO NOT STOP ON TRACKS sign ■■ Usage and placement varies from province to province. DO NOT Reminds you not to stop on the railway track for any reason. STOP ■■ ON TRACKS Pavement Markings ■■ A double stop line may be painted on the pavement five metres prior to the highway-railway crossing. ■■ You must stop no closer than five metres and no farther than 15 metres from the nearest rail. ACTIVE DEVICES AT HIGHWAY-RAILWAY CROSSINGS These are automated devices that warn of an approaching train. Flashing Red Lights ■■ Used to stop traffic when a train approaches. ■■ Accompanied by bell(s). ■■ Red lights flashing means a train is approaching. ■■ Stop and wait for the train to pass. ■■ Proceed when the lights and bell(s) have stopped, the train has passed and you can do so safely. Flashing Red Lights with Bell(s) and Gates ■■ Used to close the road when a train approaches. ■■ Stop when the lights and bell(s) are activated and prior to the gates lowering across your side of the road. ■■ Remain stopped until the gates are fully raised and the lights stop flashing. ■■ It is illegal to go around the gates. For additional information related to Signs and Devices, please visit: http://www.operationlifesaver.ca/facts-and-stats/signs-and-devices/ 4
- 8. LIVE TO HELP ANOTHER DAY RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES AT HIGHWAY-RAILWAY CROSSINGS 1 Trains always have the right of way at highway- ■■ Reminder of the planned procedures for navigating a crossing. railway crossings because they cannot stop quickly. Always stop and let the train pass. ■■ The crew member can also ensure that the driver is coping with stresses encountered during the drive and 2 Whenever possible: not focusing only on arriving at the emergency site. ■■ Plan an emergency response route that avoids highway-railway crossings, or 7 Ensure that your emergency dispatch centres know which railways operate in the area and have ■■ Plan routes so that they include only crossings railway emergency numbers. with active warning devices. 3 Plan routes that allow the driver or other crew 8 If a train is blocking a crossing when you must get through, contact your emergency dispatcher to members clear sight down the railway tracks advise the appropriate railway company. in both directions. 4 When approaching a highway-railway crossing, 9 If you’re responding to an emergency on or near railway property or at a highway-railway crossing, an emergency vehicle operator should: park your emergency vehicle at least five metres ■■ Slow down. from the nearest rail. ■■ Turn off sirens, air horns, and any other sound- producing devices. 10 To stop a train in an emergency or when ■■ Open the window. responding to an incident involving railway ■■ Look both ways and listen for an oncoming train. operations: ■■ If a train is approaching, stop, then proceed when ■■ Call the railway emergency number, generally posted it is safe to do so. prominently at crossings, often on either crossing posts, behind a crossing sign or on a signal box. ■■ Do not stop on the tracks. ■■ Give exact locations, using all available reference points: 5 If the tracks are curved so that you can’t see the Check any signposts or signal housings at the ■■ crossing for emergency notification information. tracks clearly in both directions, or the crossing has more than one set of tracks where the presence of ■■ Use railway mile posts, name of road, town, one train may hide the approach of another: and province. ■■ Have a crew member get out of the vehicle and look up and down the tracks for approaching trains. 11 To prevent a potential stall on the tracks, always avoid changing gears while going through a ■■ If necessary, have the crew member cross the tracks highway-railway crossing. and guide the vehicle across. 6 The driver and another crew member should begin a “challenge and response” dialogue: These recommendations are meant to be guidelines. Be sure to check i ■■ Face-to-face discussion to determine the driver’s intentions when approaching a highway-railway with your own department for crossing. specific policies that apply to you. 5
- 9. STUDENT NOTES TRAIN FACTS ■■ A train traveling at 90 km/h covers a distance of ■■ Passenger trains, either light rail or intercity, cannot 25 metres a second. stop quickly. Some passenger trains can travel up to 160 km/h. In an emergency, it can take as much as ■■ The train is a metre wider on each side of the rails. 1.6 kilometres to stop. ■■ Trains cannot stop quickly. An average freight train ■■ When stopped at the crossing, as you look down of 100 railcars, weighing approximately 8,000 tonnes the tracks, you may experience an optical illusion. and traveling 100 km/h, can take up to two kilometres The train may appear to be farther away and traveling to stop, after an emergency brake application. slowly. The reality is the train can be much closer and going quite fast. Don’t misjudge a train’s speed and distance. When in doubt, WAIT for the train to pass. HIGHWAY-RAILWAY CROSSING FACTS 1 Nearly 70 people are killed or seriously injured 5 Approximately 50 percent of collisions at public in approximately 250 highway-railway crossing highway-railway crossings occur where active collisions annually.* warning devices have been installed. 2 On average, over the past five years, there have 6 There are approximately 20,000 public and 17,000 been 29 vehicle-train fatalities each year. private highway-railway crossings in Canada. 3 A motorist is 40 times more likely to die in a collision 7 The majority of vehicle-train collisions occur when with a train than in a collision involving another the train is traveling less than 50 km/h. motor vehicle. 4 In most years, more people die in collisions with trains than in commercial airline crashes.* SOURCES: Operation Lifesaver, Transport Canada, Transportation Safety Board of Canada. * Based on Transportation Safety Board of Canada data. For updates, check the Transportation Safety Board of Canada website: www.tsb.gc.ca. 6
- 10. LIVE TO HELP ANOTHER DAY MORE INFORMATION For more information, visit the Operation Lifesaver website at www.operationlifesaver.ca, or contact us at: Operation Lifesaver 99 Bank Street, Suite 901 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6B9 Phone: 613-564-8100 Fax: 613-567-6726 Email: admin@operationlifesaver.ca This document may be reproduced without modification or alteration. © 2011 Operation Lifesaver All Rights Reserved. 7
- 11. STUDENT NOTES NOTES 8