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A comparative study on Indian and western leaders - and
their leadership styles
Submitted to
Dr.G.SUMA
HOD
ADITYA GLOBAL BUSINESS SCHOOL
SURAMPALEM
Submitted by
RVC MOUNIKA
(16A91E0049)

Leadership is critical to every company. Workers need someone to look to, learn from and
thrive with.
Every leader has their own style and strategy. Further, leadership styles and methods vary
because of outside influences and personal challenges.
 Decisiveness
 Awareness
 Focus
 Accountability
 Empathy
 Confidence
 Optimism
 Honesty
 Inspiration
Research published in Harvard Business Review in 2000 and an article on Mind Tools listed
some common leadership styles:
 Coercive: Leaders demand immediate compliance.
 Authoritative: Leaders mobilize people toward a vision.
 Affiliate: Leaders create emotional bonds and harmony.
 Democratic: Leaders build consensus through participation.
 Pacesetting: Leaders expect excellence and self-direction.
 Coaching: Leaders develop people for the future.
 Bureaucratic leadership, whose leaders focus on following every rule.
 Charismatic leadership, in which leaders inspire enthusiasm in their teams and are
energetic in motivating others to move forward.
 Servant leadership, whose leaders focus on meeting the needs of the team.
 Transactional leadership, in which leaders inspire by expecting the best from everyone
and themselves.

1)Leadership Style - Transformational Leader
There are specific characteristics a person must show in order to be a transformational leader,
and Gandhi possessed them. “Transformational leaders are inspirational, trustworthy, and
charismatic role models who lead by example” (The Pachamama Alliance). They are those
who inspire team members to give their best, which greatly motivates them, and increases the
chances of succeeding. Finally, they have a strong vision, which guides them in the process
of making a change.
Gandhi led his followers greatly by example, and being humble: by living in poor conditions,
just like millions of people in India. They could relate to him, and this inspired them to give
their best effort in order to make a difference.
A short biography on Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhiji's full name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was born on October 2, 1869 in
a town called Poxbandar, Gujarat. He was the architect of India's freedom and one of the
greatest men of this century. Mahatma Gandhi's life was dedicated to the ideals of truth, non-
violence and love.
Young Gandhi had his primary education up to the seventh year at Porbandar. Then his
education continued at Rajkot. Once an Inspector of Schools visited the school. The teacher
dictated some English words. Gandhiji had spelt the word 'Kettle' incorrectly. The teacher
noticed this, and made signs to Gandhiji to correct it by copying from his neighbour. But
Gandhiji did not do so. He also felt that the same teacher, who had taught him that copying
was bad, was not right in prompting him to do so. Still, the respect he had for his teacher did
not grow less.

When Mahatma Gandhi was only nineteen years old, he went to England to become a
barrister. He obtained the degree of Barrister-at-Law and started practising law in South
Africa.
Once he had to make a journey by train,, so he bought a first-class ticket. During the journey,
an officer of the railway asked him to vacate his seat for a white man, and to move to the van
on the train. Mahatma Gandhi refused. The railway officials, with the help of the police, had
his things thrown out. He was also removed from the carriage by force. Thus Gandhiji was
subject to untold shame. This incident transformed him. Gandhi started an organisation and
called it 'The Natal Indian Congress'. It was to carry on the struggle of the Indians against
racial discrimination. He also started a newspaper called 'The Indian Opinion'. The paper
became an organ to give information about the struggle.
Mahatma Gandhi stayed on in South Africa for nearly 21 years to fight against racial
discrimination against Indian settlers. He propagated the concept of Satyagraha (satya means
truth and agraha firmness). It was the use of 'Soul-Force' against 'Brute-Force' or violence.
The way of life that he practised there was known as 'Sarvodaya' the well-being of all. He
fought peacefully for many causes and succeeded in persuading the government to abolish
many abuses against labourers in Bihar, the Kaira peasants in Gujarat, etc.
2)SWAMI VIVKANANDA – A PACESETTING LEADER
Leadership has been defined in many ways. It is possibly one of the most researched subjects
in the world today. It has been estimated that around 25,000 books are published on this
subject in the United States alone. Though so much as been said and written, it is still
difficult to describe ‘Leadership’ even today.

Vivekananda has been called a monk, a prophet, a social reformer, a nationalist, a
philosopher, a yogi, a prolific writer, an orator par excellence, an educationist and so
on. There has been very little analysis or research done on Vivekananda as a Leader.
Swami Vivekananda was an exceptional leader whose qualities are only now beginning to be
gradually understood. Many of the qualities he manifested is now being described and taught
by leadership experts in business schools today. Though there are many definitions of
leadership, most people agree that developing and living an enabling and empowering vision
is the very essence of effective leadership
AdiShankara in his VivekaChudamani observes that the highest form of discrimination is to
be able to distinguish the real from the unreal. While Max de Pree wrote in the context of the
reality of the external world, Shankara focused on the more subtle and absolute notion of
reality. Vivekananda was one of those rare persons who could straddle both worlds and
created a remarkable vision which not only unified the external with the internal, but also
reconciled it and gave a sense of purpose to people struggling to discover their true inner
nature. He at once created a vision which kept in mind the harsh reality that India was in and
gave the young of the country a sense of purpose in working towards the upliftment of the
masses. And through this work, he wanted them to discover their true inner selves. An
understanding of this reality and his vision based on this reality can be seen from the letter he
wrote to the Maharaja of Mysore in June 1894
The Visionary Vivekananda had two separate visions – national and global. At the national
level, his vision was to uplift the Indian masses materially, with the help of an education that
was tempered with the flavour of Indian Spiritual heritage. He expressed his global vision in
the World Parliament of Religions in one his speeches on Hinduism as the concept of a
universal religion.
Swami Vivekananda: A short biography
The prime disciple of 19th century Indian mystic Ramakrishna Paramhansa, he reintroduced
the Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world.
Early Life
Naren (as he was popularly known as) was born at his ancestral home at 3 Gourmohan
Mukherjee Street in British Capital Calcutta. Son of Vishwanath Dutta, who was an attorney
at the Calcutta High Court and a devout housewife Bhubaneswari Devi, Naren's upbringing
was influenced by his father's liberal thinking and his mother's spiritual and religious
temperament.

Education
Swami Vivekananda was intelligent since childhood. He was the only student to have
received first division marks in Presidency College entrance examination. An avid reader of
various subjects, including religion, history, social science, art and literature, he also had
profound interest in Puranas, Vedas and Upanishads.
Travel and philosophy
He travelled to the West bearing HIndu philosophy and introducing Indian heritage, culture
and philosophy to the West. Of his many lectures, the one in Chicago at the Parliament of the
World's Religion is the most revered.With his introductory speech, satrting "Sisters and
brothers of America", Swami Vivekananda earned a 2-minute standing ovation from the
crowd of seven thousand.
Death
Swami Vivekananda attained Mahasamadhi on July 4, 1902. On this day, he woke up early,
went to Belur Math and meditated there for three hours. He died at 9:10 pm while meditating.
Medically, a rupture of a blood vessel in his brain led to the death. His disciples believe that
the rupture was due to brahmarandhra (an opening in the crown of his head) being pierced
when he attained mahasamādhi.He was cremated on a sandalwood pyre on the banks of
Ganga in Belur.
3)INDIRA GANDHI – A CHARISMATIC LEADER

A short biography of Indira Gandhi
Indira Gandhi was one of the most charismatic leaders of modern India whose ideas and
activities touched different spheres of India's public life and politics and left an imprint on
world affairs, especially, the Non-alignment Movement. She was the Prime Minister for over
fifteen-and-half years.
Born on 19 November 1917 at Allahabad to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Kamala Nehru
Indira Priyadarshini was educated at ViswaBharati University, and Oxford, and became
involved in political life almost from childhood.
In 1942 Indira married Feroze Gandhi. She became a member of the Congress Working
Committee in 1955 and was elected President in 1959. She became a member of the Cabinet
of LalBahadurShastri as Minister for Information. In 1966 on the sudden demise of Shastriji,
she was made the Prime Minister.
Indira Gandhi was deeply interested in literature, music and fine arts. Various cultural
institutions, performing artists, educationists, intellectuals received her patronage and
encouragement. She was proud of India's cultural heritage and it was on her initiative that
Asiatic Society, Calcutta received the status of an institution and national importance. She
was conferred Bharat Ratna in 1971.
Indira Gandhi passed into history when she fell to the assassin's bullets on 31 October 1984 at
her residence. These assassins were none other than her own security men. As a mark of
respect to the departed leader her birthday is observed as National Integration Day.

4)BILL GATES – AUTOCRATIC STYLE
Bill Gates is highly regarded in the business world often ranking in the top 10 of fortunes
most admired business leaders. Up to the point of him retiring from Microsoft in 2008 Gates
was known as a very demanding and slightly abrasive boss who encourages creativity and
innovation and recognizes individual and team achievements.
Gates would request his employees to present and report out their ideas and findings to him
on a regular basis. During these meetings he was known to regularly interrupt in order to
question and challenge facts and assumptions.
Bill Gates leadership style is authoritarian (also known as autocratic), however most leaders
including Gates exhibit more than one style of leadership. Different leadership styles can be
adopted depending on the situation, however most leaders have one or two dominant styles
that are noticeable the majority of the time.
It is unlikely that Gates would have been as successful as he was if he only ever adopted an
authoritarian style. The authoritarian style tends to not be conducive to innovation as the
controlling aspect of it hinders a follower’s ability to be creative.
Authoritarian leaders like to keep control. Gates required so much control that he even signed
off the expenses of Steve Ballmer who was second in command!
This style of leadership is a very effective style for use in emergency situations or for where
quick decisions are required. Much of Bill Gates’ success can be attributed to his quick
decision making process.

SHORT BIOGRAPHY OF BILLGATES:
Early Life of Bill Gates
Bill Gates was born on 28th October, 1955 in Seattle, Washington. His father was a
successful attorney and mother was a school teacher. He was a middle child with an elder and
a younger sister. His parents wanted him to become a lawyer but Bill was interested in
computers from the very beginning. Bill studied at a private school where he became good
friends with Paul Allen who had similar interests.Later Allen became Bill’s business partner
when he developed Microsoft. Paul and Bill were computer geniuses and soon realised the
potential for a booming computer industry. While still in high school, Bill, along with Paul,
started a firm called Traf-O-Data and earned twenty thousand dollars. Bill Gates was
responsible for the first computer virus that ruined other programs and data. He was severely
punished for that and was kept away from computers for a year, to concentrate on law school.
But nothing could keep him and Paul away from pursuing their love for computer software.
The Beginning of Microsoft
Gates dropped out of Harvard and wrote programs for the early Apple and Commodore
machines. He, along with Paul, started Microsoft in 1975. It was in 1980 that IBM
approached Gates and for help with a special project.Gates then developed the Microsoft
Disk operating system or MS-DOS. It was a huge success as software developers moved
rapidly to become compatible with the IBM computers. MS-DOS has since then been the
leader of all operating systems. In 1985 they introduced the Microsoft Windows Operating
system which was compatible to run on a variety of PCs. It was compared with the operating
system of Apple, but Apple OS could run only on Apple machines.
Personal Life
Bill Gates married Melinda French and has 3 children. In the year 2000, they formed a Bill
and Melinda Gates Foundation which is one of the largest charitable foundations in the world
and aims at enhancing healthcare and reducing poverty in America. Bill Gates’ house, a
mansion in Washington is the most high-tech house in the world and is worth $123 million!
The mansion has features like: change the artwork on the wall with a button click, an
underwater music system in the swimming pool, 24 bathrooms, a home theatre for 20 guests
and many more.

5)MARTIN LUTHER KING JR –SERVANT LEADER
A servant leader is defined as, “one who offers an inclusive vision; listens carefully to others;
persuades through reason; and heals division while building community” (Perry, 2010). This
describes Martin Luther King Jr. perfectly. King was a man who served the people and not
himself. He always had the people that followed him in mind with anything he did. King did
not care about the outcome for himself but rather he stood up for the people. King was there
to listen to the people that others in the United States did not think were important (Perry,
2010). When something went wrong when it came to the goals of King he did not blame
others, rather he put all the blame on himself (Perry, 2010). Likewise, when something went
right he did not take the credit (Perry, 2010).
There are ten major characteristics of a servant leader (Northouse, 2013). These are: listening,
empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship,
commitment to the growth of people, and building community (Northouse, 2013). King
embodied each one of these characteristics to the highest possible ability. Not only did he
change the thought of a nation but he made a huge impact on the United States as a whole.
Without his leadership, who knows where we would be today. Servant leadership is said to
work when, “leaders truly believe and act upon desire to make their followers successful”
(Northouse, 2013). King was able to make a change because he truly believed in what he was
preaching. He believed so much in it that he even lost his life for the case. Martin Luther

King Jr. is a servant leader and will be known as a man who changed the way people believed
in order to better the world for his followers
Short biography of martin lutherking Jr
Martin Luther King, Jr., (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born Michael Luther King, Jr.,
but later had his name changed to Martin. His grandfather began the family's long tenure as
pastors of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, serving from 1914 to 1931; his father has
served from then until the present, and from 1960 until his death Martin Luther acted as co-
pastor. Martin Luther attended segregated public schools in Georgia, graduating from high
school at the age of fifteen; he received the B. A. degree in 1948 from Morehouse College, a
distinguished Negro institution of Atlanta from which both his father and grandfather had
graduated. After three years of theological study at Crozer Theological Seminary in
Pennsylvania where he was elected president of a predominantly white senior class, he was
awarded the B.D. in 1951. With a fellowship won at Crozer, he enrolled in graduate studies at
Boston University, completing his residence for the doctorate in 1953 and receiving the
degree in 1955. In Boston he met and married Coretta Scott, a young woman of uncommon
intellectual and artistic attainments. Two sons and two daughters were born into the family.
In 1954, Martin Luther King became pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in
Montgomery, Alabama. Always a strong worker for civil rights for members of his race,
King was, by this time, a member of the executive committee of the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People, the leading organization of its kind in the nation. He
was ready, then, early in December, 1955, to accept the leadership of the first great Negro
nonviolent demonstration of contemporary times in the United States, the bus boycott
described by Gunnar Jahn in his presentation speech in honor of the laureate. The boycott
lasted 382 days. On December 21, 1956, after the Supreme Court of the United States had
declared unconstitutional the laws requiring segregation on buses, Negroes and whites rode
the buses as equals. During these days of boycott, King was arrested, his home was bombed,
he was subjected to personal abuse, but at the same time he emerged as a Negro leader of the
first rank.
At the age of thirty-five, Martin Luther King, Jr., was the youngest man to have received the
Nobel Peace Prize. When notified of his selection, he announced that he would turn over the
prize money of $54,123 to the furtherance of the civil rights movement.On the evening of
April 4, 1968, while standing on the balcony of his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee,

where he was to lead a protest march in sympathy with strikinggarbage workers of that city,
he wasassassinated.
TESTIMONALS

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