Logic Models
- 2. What is a Logic Model? “Basically, a logic model is a systematic and visual way to present and share your understanding of the relationships among the resources you have to operate your program, the activities you plan, and the changes or results you hope to achieve.” (Kellogg Foundation, 2004)
- 3. What is a Logic Model? A picture of how you believe your program will work. Uses words and/or pictures to describe the sequence of activities Shows how these activities are linked to the results the program is expected to achieve.
- 5. Some ways to use Logic Models Clarify program strategy Write a grant proposal or a request for proposals Set priorities for allocating resources Estimate timelines Focus discussions and make planning time more efficient
- 6. Components of Logic Models Your planned work includes the input and activities Input (Resources)- finance, human, and any other resources available for the project Program Activities- process, tools, events, used to achieve the intended change or result Your intended results are Outputs- direct product of program activities, such as services offered by the program Outcomes- changes in program participants behavior, knowledge, skill, status, and functionality Impact- changes occurring due to the program
- 7. Components of Logic Models Logic Models are to be developed with the following components, in no particular order than how it should occur for each individual program (Kellogg Foundation, 2004). Input Activities Outputs Outcomes Impacts
- 8. Components of Logic Models Inputs are resources and/or barriers, which potentially enable or limit program effectiveness. Enabling protective factors or resources may include funding, existing organizations, potential collaborating partners, existing organizational or interpersonal networks, staff and volunteers, time, facilities, equipment, and supplies. Limiting risk factors or barriers might include such things as attitudes, lack of resources, policies, laws, regulations, and geography.
- 9. Components of Logic Models Activities are the processes, techniques, tools, events, technology, and actions of the planned program. These may include products – promotional materials and educational curricula; services – education and training, counseling, or health screening; and infrastructure – structure, relationships, and capacity used to bring about the desired results.
- 10. Components of Logic Models Outputs are the direct results of program activities. They are usually described in terms of the size and/or scope of the services and products delivered or produced by the program. They indicate if a program was delivered to the intended audiences at the intended “dose.” A program output, for example, might be the number of classes taught, meetings held, or materials produced and distributed; program participation rates and demography; or hours of each type of service provided.
- 11. Components of Logic Models Outcomes are specific changes in attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, skills, status, or level of functioning expected to result from program activities and which are most often expressed at an individual level.
- 12. Components of Logic Models Impacts are organizational, community, and/or system level changes expected to result from program activities, which might include improved conditions, increased capacity, and/or changes in the policy arena.
- 13. Why Logic Models? Logic models illustrate a sequence of cause-and- effect relationships—a systems approach to communicate the path toward a desired result (McCawley, n.d.). They link the problem (situation) to the intervention (our inputs and outputs), and the impact (outcome) (McCawley, n.d.). A logic model expresses your theory of change
- 14. The Outcome Formula Step one: Describe your client Age Gender Status Step two: Identify the issue or topic you are addressing Healthy lifestyle choices Substance abuse Employment
- 15. Indicators Indicators are the measures you select as markers of your success. • Direction of change • Area of change • Target population • Degree of change • Timeframe • As measured by • Baseline
- 16. Inputs vs. Outputs INPUTS are the resources that go into the program (what we invest) OUTPUTS are the activities a program undertakes (what we do) OUTCOMES are the changes or benefits that result from our program activities (the change you expect to see)
- 17. The Outcome Formula Client Verb Adjective Type Topic Hispanic teens will Increase Knowledge about Healthy lifestyles Decrease Skills in Career paths Maintain Attitude about Drug use Demonstrate Behaviors such as
- 18. Developing a Logic Model Logic models allow an organization to paint a picture of the program they are seeking funding for. It allows the funder to see how each process within the program works together, and contributes to the success of the program. According to the W.K. Kellogg Foundation Logic Model Development Guide, to develop a logic model, one must start with the idea of the program, and follow a “chain of reasoning or “If...then...” statements which connect the program’s parts” (Kellogg Foundation, 2004).
- 19. The Logic Model Taylor-Powell, Steele, & Douglah, 1996
- 20. Tracking Program Success Logic models track program success as they layout the multiple connections needed to succeed in implementing and seeing a program through. They allow the team to share common, and SMART goals openly. Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time-bound
- 21. Tracking Success Each component can be evaluated to gauge success. For the above example, an evaluation can be conducted on How many staff members contributed towards the program How many participants were reached with the program What the level of satisfaction was.
- 22. Evaluation Models can be evaluated based on the known requirements of the grant funder and whether goals are being met. Is your organization improving or making changes consistently?
- 23. Benefits of Logic Models Integrate planning, implementation, and evaluation Prevent mismatches between activities and effects Enhance accountability by keeping stakeholders focused on outcomes. Help planners to set priorities for allocating resources. Reveal data needs and provide a framework for interpreting results Define a shared language and shared vision for community change
- 24. References Section 1. Developing a Logic Model or Theory of Change. (n.d.). Retrieved April01, 2016, from http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table- of-contents/overview/models-for-community-health-and- development/logic-model-development/main Logic Model Development Guide. (2004). W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Retrieved April 1, 2016, from http://www.smartgivers.org/uploads/logicmodelguidepdf.pdf McCawley, P. (n.d.). The Logic Model for Program Planning and Evaluation. University of Idaho. Retrieved from https://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/CIS/CIS1097.pdf. Taylor-Powell, E. (2009). Developing a logic model: Teaching and training guide. Retrieved from http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb51 04513.pdf