Long Question Answer based on BS PAK STD CHAP 7 TOPIC 7.6 IN ENGLISH DOCUMENT.docx
- 1. Long Question Answer based on BS.Pakistan Studies (9374) Chapter 7 - Constitutional And Political Development In Pakistan- Ii (1971 To Onwards) 7.6 POLITICS OF BHUTTO Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Bhutto) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was a famous Sindhi politician of Pakistan. He was the third son of Sir Shahnawaz Bhutto who remained influential personality in the reign the British Raj. Bhutto got his higher education of Political
- 2. Science and Law from the university of California and Oxford. His marriage was arranged with Shireen Amir Begum in 1943 but he divorced her in 1945. However, Bhutto married again with Nusrat Ispahani (Nusrat Bhutto), in Karachi in September 1951. Nusrat Bhutto was an Iranian lady and their first child (Benazir Bhutto) was born in 1953. Their next children were Murtaza (1954), Sanam (1957) and Shahnawaz (1958) respectively. In 1957, Bhutto became the youngest member of Pakistan's delegation to the United Nations in the year 1957 and later on, he became Pakistan's youngest cabinet minister in 1958. He was the advisor of Mohammad Ayub Khan (Ayub Khan). Bhutto helped and advised him in the discussion of the Indus Water Treaty in1960. He became the foreign minister of Pakistan in 1963 and due to his communist ideas he remained successful in building good relations with China. He openly supported Beijing in the United Nations. China laid down the foundations of various projects in Pakistan due to efforts of Bhutto. The Sino- Pakistan Boundary Agreement was also signed by Bhutto on 2 March 1963. He worked for the Pan-Islamic Unity and maintained the closer relations with Muslim Countries. Bhutto remained active in reshaping the
- 3. foreign policy of Pakistan and removed the US influence. He strengthened the strategic alliances with other countries 273 and continued the technical, industrial and martial agreements with the both East and West German states. Miss Fatima Jinnah had challenged the 1965 presidential election against Ayub Khan. She contested against Ayub Khan under the banner of Combined Opposition Parties. She was easily defeated by Muhammad Ayub Khan. During the campaign of the presidential elections, Bhutto was part of the Ayub government and he had helped Ayub in opposition to Miss Fatima Jinnah. After the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965, President Ayub Khan signed a peace treaty with the Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri on 10 January 1966. Both the leaders agreed to exchange their war prisoners and to restore the pre-war boundaries. The agreement was famous as ‘The Tashkent Declaration’. It was highly disparaged by the people of Pakistan and the Declaration separated the ways of Bhutto from Ayub Khan. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto founded his own party named Pakistan People’s Party in the last month of 1967. Bhutto started his movement against Ayub Khan and response to it Ayub Khan finally decided to resign from his office in March 1969.
- 4. Assemblies, Ministers and Governors were disabled while General Muhammad Yahya Khan became the Chief Martial Law Administrator. Yahya Khan promised to the nation that he will hand over the power to the nation after fair elections and he did the same. The political situation was uncertain in the country. The Awami League and Pakistan People’s Party were the major parties in Pakistan. The results surprised the nation and of Yahya Khan himself. Awami League swept the elections in East Pakistan while in West Pakistan, Pakistan People’s Party achieved the majority. However, it was a matter of great concern that Awami League had not won a single seat in West Pakistan while Awami League did not award a chance of single seat to any other party of the country. Awami League won 167 seats out of 169 in East Pakistan and while Pakistan People’s Party got 81 seats out of 144. Bhutto opposed to transfer of power to Sheikh Mujeeb-UrRehman. This power struggle led to the dismemberment of Pakistan and the creation of Bangladesh. On 20 December, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto came in power with the removal of Yahya Khan. Bhutto had two caps; first as the president of Pakistan and the second as Chief Martial Law Administrator of Pakistan. He was the first civilian Chief Martial Law
- 5. Administrator of the country. Bhutto served as the fourth President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. He handed over the office of President Fazal Elahi Chaudhry who occupied the office from 1973 to 1978. Bhutto took the charge of 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan and served from 1973 to 1977, He was also the founder of the Pakistan People's Party and served as its chairman till his execution in 1979. On 7 March 1977 Bhutto held general elections in Pakistan. The elections saw a massive victory for the ruling PPP against the Pakistan National Alliance (PNA). Although PPP succeeded to win the elections; however, the opposition did not accept the results and started protest and demonstrations all over the country. The deterioration of law and order involved army into politics once again. 274 Federal Security Force (FSF) was a paramilitary force of Federal Government created by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto when he was the president in 1972. The primary objective of the FSF was to assist the civil administration and the police in the maintenance of law and order. The opposition challenged that Bhutto used it as his personal army to harass the political enemies. FSF was blamed of a murder of a political opponent and was found guilty. The name of Bhutto was also included in the
- 6. FIR on the failure of negotiations between the government and opposition General Zia-ul-Haq took over the government imposing martial law in July 1977. Initially, Bhutto was arrested and after some time he was released on bail. Bhutto did not take the case against him serious and considered it as political step. Bhutto went to public and announced that he would arrest all those who were responsible for this. He also threatened to hold trails to bring to justice responsible for his removal. This attitude was not acceptable to the Zia-ul- Haq. He considered Bhutto a political risk and decided to get rid of Bhutto. Trail against Bhutto ended to his execution. Later, he refused to plead for his life. Many others at home and abroad did so but Zia was unmoved. PPP also failed to mobilize people to save his life. Consequently, Bhutto was hanged on 4 April 1979 at the age of 51 years Almost two years Bhutto’s trail continued and legal help was the Army dugout the case and the trail against Bhutto took 2 years. The Courts convicted him and he was hanged. Army gave Bhutto a chance to defend himself against murder charges. Almost two years Bhutto’s trail continued and legal help was provided to him. He refused to defend himself and at last was sentenced to death penalty.