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For more information visit http://wiki.larkc.eu/UrbanComputing

Seven Framework Programme
Information Society Technologies (IST)
Specific Targeted Research Project

Urban Computing as a Way to Address them

[source IEEE Pervasive Computing,July-September 2007 (Vol. 6, No. 3)]
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MOST%COMMON%PREDICTIVE%MODELS
%

•  Clustering%–%ﬁnding%groups%and%predic@ng%themes%
•  Classiﬁca@on%–%most%popular%“Decision%tree”%%
•  Associa@on%–%mul@%assurance%connected%buckets%
•  Link%Analysis%–%rela@onships%
•  Text%Mining%–%unstructured%data%to%meaning%
•  Time%Series%–%predic@ng%a%con@nuous%value%
•  Graph%Structure%–%structure%predicts%behavior%


Community
It is a group of populations living together and interacting
with each other - sharing the same food, places,
shelter, water resources, etc, etc . . .
ReeF

Fores
t



Verifying Isomorphic graph

Graph B
Graph A
Vertices(A) :

a

b

c

d

e

Vertices(B):

q

p

r

s

t

Degree of vertices:

2

3

3

3

1

Edges(A):

e1

e2

e3

e4

e5

e6

Edges(B):

e’1

e’4

e’3

e’2

e’5

e’6



LIVING THINGS AND THE
ENVIRONMENT

In this unit we will
study the different rolls and
impact that the living things have
on the environment. There will be
a strong focus in the interaction
that organisms have among
themselves and the environment
OBJECTIVE :

How is a cat similar and different from a
fish besides the physical appearance ?

Organisms that live in
different habitats

el “ Gato volador ”

What is an
Organism ?

It’s a Living thing that has (or can develop)
the ability to act or function independently

Where do organisms live?
They live in their habitats

What is a habitat?
It is the physical space that has all the
propped conditions for an organism to live,
and reproduce. It has to provide the
necessary food and water needed to
survive

Do you think that only one specie
can live in a habitat?
NO - many species can
live in the same habitat

What are species ?
Species are often defined as
a group of organisms capable
of interbreeding and
producing fertile offspring.

What is a population?
Group of organisms of
the same specie

Community
It is a group of populations living together and
interacting with each other - sharing the
same food, places, shelter, water resources,
etc, etc . . .
ReeF
Fores
t

What is a community ?

Is a group of different Populations
living in the same area
Giraffes
population
Lions
population

Hippopotamus
population

Take a look at this place

this is the community of the Reef

What are the “ Abiotic ” factors?
are the Non-Living components of an area, such as air,
rocks, soil, water, climate and shelter

What are the Biotic factors?
are the Living Organisms of a given area - animals,
insects, bacteria, , plants and humans

if you take some Biotic factors

> That is an Ecosystem <

YEAH

!

Degree
! 

! 

! 

The degree of vertex in an undirected graph is the number of
edges incident to that vertex.
A vertex with degree one is called pendent vertex or end
vertex.
A vertex with degree zero and hence has no incident edges is
called an isolated vertex.
A

V1
B

Pendent vertex

In the undirected graph vertex v3 has the degree 3
And vertex v2 has the degree 2

Isolated vertex



Do you think that only one specie can live in a habitat?
NO - many species can live in the
same habitat

What are species ?

Species are often defined as a
group of organisms capable of
interbreeding and producing
fertile offspring.


What is a population?
Group of organisms of the
same specie



> That is an Ecosystem <

YEAH

!


Limiting Factors
! 

A factor or limiting resource is a factor that controls a process,
such as organism growth or species population, size or
distribution. The availability of food, predation pressure, hard
temperatures or availability of shelter are examples of factors
that could be limiting for an organism. An example of a limiting
factor is sunlight, which is crucial in rainforests.

! 

Another example is rain, which can bust an ecosystem in two
ways. One way is rain can destroy an ecosystem is flood.
Flooding can wash away shelter, food, and even parts of the lifeform's population itself. The other way rain can destroy an
ecosystem is drought. The main way it can destroy an
ecosystem is the depletion more information visit http://wiki.larkc.eu/UrbanComputing
of food sources.
For


Limiting Factors
•  A factor or limiting resource is a factor that controls a
process, such as organism growth or species population,
size or distribution. The availability of food, predation
pressure, hard temperatures or availability of shelter are
examples of factors that could be limiting for an organism.
An example of a limiting factor is sunlight, which is crucial in
rainforests.
•  Another example is rain, which can bust an ecosystem in
two ways. One way is rain can destroy an ecosystem is
flood. Flooding can wash away shelter, food, and even parts
of the life-form's population itself. The other way rain can
destroy an ecosystem is drought. The main way it can

Challenging the Internet of the
Future with Urban Computing
Lecturer:

Emanuele Della Valle
emanuele.dellavalle@cefriel.it
Authors:
http://swa.cefriel.it
Emanuele Della Valle, Irene Celino, Kono Kim, Zhisheng Huang,
http://emanueledellavalle.org
Volker Tresp, Werner Hauptmann, and Yi Huang

Cities are alive
! 
! 

Cities born, grow, evolve
like living beings.
The state of a city
changes continuously,
influenced by a lot of
factors,
! 

! 

human ones: people
moving in the city or
extending it
natural ones:
precipitations or climate
changes
[source http://www.citysense.com]

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Availability of Data
! 

! 

Some years ago, due to the lack of data, solving Urban Computing
problems with ICT looked like a
Sci-Fi idea.
Nowadays, a large amount of the required information can be made
available on the Internet at almost no cost:
! 
! 
! 
! 
! 
! 

! 

We are running a survey (please contribute), see
! 
! 

4

maps with the commercial activities and meeting places,
events scheduled in the city and their locations,
average speed in highways, but also normal streets
positions and speed of public transportation vehicles
parking availabilities in specific parking areas,
and so on.

OneSpace

http://wiki.larkc.eu/UrbanComputing/ShowUsABetterWay
http://wiki.larkc.eu/UrbanComputing/OtherDataSources



The LarKC project

c.eu !
://www.lark
Visit http
[Source: Fensel, D., van Harmelen, F.: Unifying reasoning and search to web scale. IEEE Internet Computing 11(2) (2007)]
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A Challenging Use Case 1/5
Actors:

Varese

Carlo: a citizen
living in Varese.
The day after, he
has to go to
Lombardy Region
premises in
Milano at 11.00.
! 
UCS: a fictitious
Urban Computing
System of Milano
area
Ways to Milano
! 

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Milano



Vision for Urban Computing

Mobility
Tourism

City Planning

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Culture



Thank you for paying attention

Any Questions?

8

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Insights – Analysis – Content Engineering

When Big Data and Predictive
Analytics Collide:
Visual Magic Happens


The Problem:
Massive data explosion (mobile, social,
wearable, cloud, m2m etc.) and brands are
struggling to make use of this data.


Then, Now & Where We’re going



Where We’re Going – Pattern prediction



Where to go



KDD-Nuggets http://kdnuggets.com
RapidMiner http://rapid-i.com
R Statistical Computing http://www.r-project.org
Revolution Analytics http://www.revolutionanalytics.com
Teradata http://www.teradata.com
Tableau http://tableausoftware.com
Spotfire http://spotfire.tibco.com
SAS http://www.sas.com
IBM SPSS http://www.ib.com/software/analytics/spss
Mahout
https://cwiki.apahce.org/confluence/display/MAHOUT/Algoriths
Weka Open Source Data mining
http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka
Pajek and (large) network analysis and visualization.
http://webdatacommons.org/hyperlinkgraph


!  Tableau Demo
http://public.tableausoftware.com/views/

PredictiveDataVisualizationwithSSASDataMining/
Classification#1



Content Marketing Flow = data



Visual Content Hub



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Great
Social Engagement
Is About
Knowing what
drives engagement

@chasemcmichael%sales@infinigraph.com
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Predictive Analytics

Predictive Analytics enables decision makers
to predict future events and proactively act on that
insight to drive better business.


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