1) Contrast is the difference between lights and darks in an image. Increasing contrast makes lights lighter and darks darker.
2) Saturation is the amount of color. Increasing saturation enhances colors and makes them more vibrant, while decreasing saturation removes color.
3) Low-fi cameras like Holgas were originally cheap but now culturally significant due to the visual characteristics they produce, such as vignetting, light leaks, chromatic aberration, high saturation, and high contrast.