low level protocols
- 1. (Diploma in Computer Sci & Engg. 3rd year) Presentation on :- Low Layer Protocols Presented By Lilesh Dharmik Tushar Khobragade
- 2. Index 1. Communication 2. Layered Protocols 3. Protocol Layers Diagram 4. Low Level Protocols • Physical Layer • Data Link Layer • Network Layer • Transport Layer 5. Reference
- 3. Communication • In communication of distributed system there are some rules which are known as protocols • For wide area distributed system these protocols often take the form of multiple layers, each with its own goals and rules Layered protocols • A layered protocol architecture provides a conceptual framework for dividing the complex task of exchanging information between remote hosts into simpler tasks.
- 4. Fig: Low Layers Protocol
- 5. Followings are the Low level Protocols: 1. Physical Layer 2. Data Link layer 3. Network Layer 4. Transport Layer 1.Physical Layer : • It transmit bits over the medium to provide mechanical and electrical specification • Functions of physical layer are: 1. Presentation of bits: The physical data consist of the string of bits with no interpretation 2. Data array: it also called as transmission array and it defines as the no. of bits send each second 3. Physical topology: It defines two devices are connected to make a network, device can be connect using mesh, star or bus topology 4. Transmission mode: The physical layer also defines the direction of transmission between two devices.
- 6. 2.Data link layer : • Data link layer organize bits into the frames • Functions of data link layer are as follows: Framing: this layer divides the stream or bits received from physical layer into manageable data unit called as frame Flow control: if the rate in which the data absorbed by the receiver is less than the rate produce by the sender, the data link layer impose the flow control to prevent overloading of the receiver Error control: data link layer acts reliability to the physical layer by adding mechanism to detect and retransmit the damage or lost frame, it also uses the mechanism to organize the duplicate frame
- 7. 3.Network layer: • The network layer is the third layer of layer protocol model, and the layer that provides the data routine path for a network communication. • Data is transferred in the form of packets. • Network layer are used to move the package from source to destination,
- 8. 4.Transport Layer: • To provide reliable process to process massage delivery and error recovery • Functions of transport layer are: 1. Segmentation and reassembly 2. Flow control 3. Error control
- 9. Reference • Websites: 1. https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc958821.aspx 2. http://www.networksorcery.com/enp/Protocol.htm 3. Searchnetworking.techtarget.com • notes