Inter Process Communication
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Independent processes operate concurrently without affecting each other, while cooperating processes can impact one another. Inter-process communication (IPC) allows processes to share information, improve computation speed, and share resources. The two main types of IPC are shared memory and message passing. Shared memory uses a common memory region for fast communication, while message passing involves establishing communication links and exchanging messages without shared variables. Key considerations for message passing include direct vs indirect communication and synchronous vs asynchronous messaging.
Inter Process Communication
- 2. Adeel Rasheed For More Slides Visit: https://www.slideshare.net/adeel02
- 3. Independent Processes: Operating concurrently on a systems are those that can neither affect other processes or be affected by other processes. Cooperating Processes: Are those that can affect or be affected by other processes. IPC
- 4. Mechanism for allows processes to communicate and to synchronize their actions. IPC
- 5. Information sharing: Several processes may need to access the same data (such as stored in a file.) Computation speedup: A task can offer be run faster if it is broken into subtasks and distributed among different processes. Resource Sharing: Sharing Hardware, memory etc Why We Use IPC
- 6. Modularity: It may be easier to organize a complex task into separate subtasks, then have different processes or threads running each subtask. Convenience: An individual user can run several programs at the same time, to perform some task. Why We Use IPC
- 7. Shared Memory systems. Message Passing systems. Types/Ways of IPC
- 8. Shared Memory Allows multiple processes to share virtual memory space. Fastest but not necessarily the easiest (synchronization- wise) way for processes to communicate with one another. Process A Process B 0x30000 0x50000 0x50000 0x70000Shared memory region
- 10. There are two processes: Producer and Consumer. Producer produces some item and Consumer consumes that item. The two processes shares a common space or memory location known as buffer where the item produced by Producer is stored and from where the Consumer consumes the item if needed. Producer-Consumer problem
- 11. There are two version of this problem: first one is known as unbounded buffer problem in which Producer can keep on producing items and there is no limit on size of buffer, the second one is known as bounded buffer problem in which producer can produce up to a certain amount of item and after that it starts waiting for consumer to consume it. The pseudo code are given below: Unbounded Buffer Problem
- 12. We will discuss the bounded buffer problem. First, the Producer and the Consumer will share some common memory, then producer will start producing items. If the total produced item is equal to the size of buffer, producer will wait to get it consumed by the Consumer. Similarly, the consumer first check for the availability of the item and if no item is available, Consumer will wait for producer to produce it. If there are items available, consumer will consume it. Bounded Buffer Problem
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- 14. In a Message passing system there are no shared variables. IPC facility provides two operations for fixed or variable sized message: send(message) receive(message) If processes P and Q wish to communicate, they need to: establish a communication link exchange messages via send and receive Message-Passing Systems
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- 16. There are key issues to be resolved in message passing systems as further explored in the next subsections: Direct or indirect communication ( naming ) Synchronous or asynchronous communication Key Issues
- 17. With direct communication the sender must know the name of the receiver to which it wishes to send a message. There is a one-to-one link between every sender-receiver pair. Symmetric communication, the receiver must also know the specific name of the sender from which it wishes to receive messages. Asymmetric communications, this is not necessary. Direct Communication
- 18. Indirect communication uses shared mailboxes, or ports. Multiple processes can share the same mailbox or boxes. Only one process can read any given message in a mailbox. Initially the process that creates the mailbox is the owner, and is the only one allowed to read mail in the mailbox, although this privilege may be transferred. The OS must provide system calls to create and delete mailboxes, and to send and receive messages to/from mailboxes. Indirect communication
- 19. synchronous messaging involves a client that waits for the server to respond to a message. Messages are able to flow in both directions, to and from. Asynchronous messaging involves a client that does not wait for a message from the server. An event is used to trigger a message from a server. So even if the client is down, the messaging will complete successfully. Asynchronous Messaging means that, it is a one way communication and the flow of communication is one way only. Synchronous or asynchronous communication
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