Lower Sec B - Summary skills
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The document provides a step-by-step method for summarizing texts effectively. It outlines 4 key steps: 1) Underlining the key ideas in the question to understand what is being asked, 2) Scanning the passage to find and underline relevant points, 3) Comparing the points to the question requirements, and 4) Paraphrasing the points using synonyms, changing voice, and grouping related ideas. Following these steps systematically helps ensure students include the right details to score high marks on summary questions.
Lower Sec B - Summary skills
- 2. Learning Objectives To learn a proven method in summarising any given text. To see how summarising is done, step-by-step, to achieve the highest marks possible.
- 3. Introduction Just to bring you up-to-speed in some statistics in one of the toughest sections in English Language paper – Summary 1) Most students fail it – it requires a mix bag of skills, more than any other section. 2) It contains 15 marks – so most students do poorly in English as they fail this section. 3) It is complex – the question contains many parts that each needs its own explanation to understand it.
- 4. On the other hand... It is important to state at the onset that the examiners will also provide plenty of relevant points for you to summarise. In other words, searching for points in the passage to score for summary is not difficult. You just need to know how and where to look for them. Let's start!
- 5. Mastering Summary - Step 1 Step 1: Underline the key ideas in the question This constitutes: 1) Points 2) Source 3) Length 4) Form We will look at all of them in the next Flashcard.
- 6. Example for Question's Key Ideas Step 1: Underline the key ideas in the question Using your own words as far as possible, summarise the various measures taken by the Indian government to save the tiger, the obstacles that were faced along the way, and how successful the government was in achieving its goal. USE THE MATERIAL IN PASSAGE B FROM LINE 1 TO LINE 48. Your summary which must be in continuous writing, must not be more than 150 words (not counting the words given to help you begin). Begin your summary as follows: India has committed itself to saving its tigers from extinction…….
- 7. Mastering Summary - Step 2 Step 2 – Scan for relevant points Underline the relevant points in the passage. Remembering to: 1) Number them – you need at least 8 points. 2) Compare them – whether the key ideas are what the summary question wants
- 8. Example for Comparison Summarise the potential threats of constructing the flu virus and its effects. 1) Effect not severe as many people have developed immunity. 2) People can create it due to a lack of enforcement. From the negative examples above, Point 1 is wrong as it describes the effects' intensity; the question wants what kind of effects. Point 2 is wrong, missing the word 'governmental', making it incomplete.
- 9. Mastering Summary - Step 3 You need to paraphrase using a few simple strategies. 1) Synonyms and Antonyms 2) Active and passive voice 3) Classification
- 10. #1 Paraphrasing Strategy – Syn & Ant While thinking of another word, avoid word-for- word substitution. Paraphrase the key ideas. A person was seen as responsible for his own actions during the war when there is mass killing. Ans 1: A person is regarded as being accountable for his behaviour during a conflict when there is a large number of deaths. Ans 2 : Man was regarded as being accountable for his atrocities during a war. Q: Which is correct?
- 11. #2 Paraphrasing Strategy – Active & Passive Voice Change the structure of the sentence Shift the subject to elsewhere to re-express the key idea in your own way. T: Small group discussions with participation by no more than 12 to 15 people enables teachers to know their pupils more intimately. S: Teachers can understand students better if class discussions are held in small teams.
- 12. #3Paraphrasing Strategy – Classification Group related key ideas with a single term. T: Businesses promote their products and services through the radio, newspapers and television. S: Companies advertise through the mass media. T: The company sells items such as sofa, dining tables and chairs. S: The firm sells furniture.
- 13. Learning Activity Summarise the potential threats of constructing the flu virus and its effects. 1) procedures to create the virus are widely available 2) accidental release of virus into the human population 3) Flu virus has been around since the 1900's.
- 14. Learning Activity Answers Summarise the potential threats of constructing the flu virus and its effects. 1) procedures to create the virus are widely available The methods in virus construction are commonly accessible. 2) accidental release of virus into human population Virus can infect people unknowingly. 3) Flu virus has been around since the 1900's. Flu virus existed in early 20th Century.
- 15. Discussion Why do we need to have a proper approach to summary question? What are the steps in tackling this question?
- 16. Discussion The Summary question contains many parts and involve different skills so a method is needed to solve it. 1) Analyse Key ideas 2) Scan Key ideas 3) Compare Key ideas 4) Paraphrase Key Ideas using strategy It forms ASCP – all summaries can pass!