Madinah-book-3-notes-v8

ِ‫ﻢ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﺣ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬ ِ‫ﻦ‬َ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﺣ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬ ِ‫ﻢ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬
LQ Mississauga
Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8)
1 Augmented Three Letter Verb – ‫مزيد‬ ‫ّلاثي‬‫ث‬‫ال‬ 9 Pronoun Summary
2 Classification of Verbs 10 Exception
Topics
1
3 Noun Declension and Non-Declension 11 Diptote
4 Condition – ‫رط‬ّ‫الش‬
5 Absolute Object – ُ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
6 Oath – ُ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬
7 Conjugation of Heavy-duty Nun
8
Combining the Oath with the Condition -
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ت‬‫ج‬ِ‫ا‬

Revision History
Date Ver Author Revision Comments
May. 29, 2014 1 Zahid Naeem Augmented three letter verb notes
Aug. 11, 2014 2 Zahid Naeem Added notes for Noun Declension and Non-Declensions
Sep. 20, 2014 3 Zahid Naeem Corrections and additions
Mar. 24, 2015 4 Zahid Naeem Added notes for ‫رط‬ّ‫الش‬
May 19, 2015 5 Zahid Naeem Added notes for ُ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
Jun. 07, 2015 6 Zahid Naeem Added notes for ‫القسم‬
Jun. 14, 2015 7 Zahid Naeem Added notes for classification of verbs
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 2
Dec. 28, 2015 8 Zahid Naeem
Added notes for a) combining oath and condition b) pronouns c) exception
and d) diptote
ِ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ِ‫يل‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬There are no copyrights reserved for this material. You may make copies and distribute them Fi Sabilillah – ِ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ِ‫يل‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to lqmississauga@gmail.com

Augmented vs. Un-augmented Three Letter Verb
Un-augmented Three Letter Verb
ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
Un-augmented Three Letter Verb
ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
Augmented Three Letter Verb
ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
Augmented Three Letter Verb
ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
A three letter verb, which contains only the
original three letters without any additional
letter, e.g.
َ‫ي‬ ِ‫َس‬‫ن‬ ،َ‫د‬َ‫ج‬َ‫و‬ ،َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ ،َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ ،َ‫س‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ج‬ ، َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬
A three letter verb, which is augmented by
adding one or more letters to the original
three letters, e.g.
َ‫ف‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ،َ‫ن‬َ‫او‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ ،َ‫ل‬َّ‫ب‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ ،َ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ،َ‫د‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ ،َ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
Also called Derived Three Letter Verbs
These verbs are further classified into 12
These verbs are further classified into 12
forms, of which 9 are most common –
Form II to X (2 to 10). We will only study
these 9 forms.
Please note that even though the number
of letters in each of these verbs is more
than three, they are still referred to as
“Augmented (or Derived) Three Letter
verb”

َ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬Form II – َ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
َ‫ف‬َ‫ف‬
11
َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬
22
َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬
33
َ‫ف‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ف‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬
‫َـ‬‫ن‬َّ‫ز‬َ‫ل‬ ‫َـ‬‫ن‬َّ‫ز‬َ‫ل‬
ُ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬
Original Letters
Augmented Letter
ُ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬
َ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬‫َـ‬‫ن‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬‫َـ‬‫ن‬
َ‫ل‬‫ـعـ‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬ِ‫ـ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ـعـ‬َ‫ف‬
Form II – َ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
ْ‫ع‬ْ‫ع‬
َ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫س‬ َ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫س‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬َ‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬
َ‫س‬َّ‫ب‬َ‫ح‬ َ‫س‬َّ‫ب‬َ‫ح‬
‫َـ‬‫ن‬َّ‫ز‬َ‫ل‬ ‫َـ‬‫ن‬َّ‫ز‬َ‫ل‬
َ‫ك‬َّ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ك‬َّ‫س‬َ‫ر‬
َ‫س‬َ‫ر‬َ‫د‬َ‫س‬َ‫ر‬َ‫د‬
َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ق‬
َ‫ح‬َ‫ب‬َ‫س‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ب‬َ‫س‬
َ‫ر‬َ‫َس‬‫ك‬َ‫ر‬َ‫َس‬‫ك‬
He sent down, He brought down
He taught
He massacred
He smashed
He praised/glorified
He learnt
He came down
He killed
He broke
He swam
‫ع‬‫ع‬ Represents the ‫كلمة‬ ‫ع‬ (2nd radical) of the respective verb and NOT the alphabet ‫ع‬

َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬Form III – َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
11
22
33
َ‫ف‬‫ـا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ف‬‫ـا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
َ‫ق‬‫ـا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫ق‬‫ـا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬
ُ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬
Original Letters
Augmented Letter
َ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ق‬
Form III – َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬
ُ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬
َ‫ج‬‫ـا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ه‬ َ‫ج‬‫ـا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ه‬
َ‫ش‬‫ـا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ه‬ َ‫ش‬‫ـا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ه‬
َ‫ن‬‫ـا‬‫ى‬َ‫د‬ َ‫ن‬‫ـا‬‫ى‬َ‫د‬
َ‫ق‬‫ـا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫ق‬‫ـا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬
َ‫خ‬‫ـا‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬ َ‫خ‬‫ـا‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬
َ‫د‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ج‬َ‫د‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ج‬
َ‫د‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ش‬َ‫د‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ش‬
‫َا‬‫د‬َ‫ن‬‫َا‬‫د‬َ‫ن‬
َ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ق‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬َ‫خ‬
He fought
He endeavored, He strived
He viewed, inspected, observed
He addressed someone directly
He called, He shouted
He exerted himself
He killed
He witnessed
He delivered a public address
He called
‫ا‬‫ا‬ Represents the alphabet ‫ا‬)‫لف‬ٔ‫ا‬(

َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬Form IV – َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
ْ‫ف‬ْ‫ف‬
11
22
33
َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬
َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬
Original Letters
Augmented Letter
Form IV – َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
َٔ‫ا‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬
َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬
َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬
َٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬
َٔ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬
َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬
َٔ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬
َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬
َ‫ح‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ص‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ص‬
َ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬
َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬
َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫س‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫س‬
He sent down, He brought down
He brought someone/something out
He made someone/something good
He embraced Islam
He wanted, He wished
He made someone/something standup
He came out, He left
He came down
He was good
He was safe
He looked for,
He searched for
He stood up

َ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬Form V – َ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
11
22
33
َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ذ‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ذ‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬
Original Letters
َ‫َر‬‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫َر‬‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬
Form V – َ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
Augmented Letters
َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬ْ‫ع‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫و‬َّ‫ل‬‫ى‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫و‬َّ‫ل‬‫ى‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫و‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫و‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫م‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ذ‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ذ‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬
َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ـب‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫ـن‬ َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ـب‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫ـن‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬
َ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬
َ‫ر‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬
َ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬
َ‫َر‬‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫َر‬‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬
َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬
He remembered
He turned back
He put his trust (especially with Allah)
It became clear
He meditated, reflected
He spoke
He followed
He remembered
He entrusted
It became clear
He meditated, reflected
He spoke

َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬Form VI – َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
11
22
33
َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫س‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ء‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫س‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ء‬
Original Letters
َ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫س‬َ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫س‬
Form VI – َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
Augmented Letters
َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬‫ـ‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬‫ـ‬َ‫ب‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫س‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ء‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫س‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ء‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫و‬ ‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫و‬
َ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬َ‫م‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ض‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ض‬
َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ن‬
َ‫ز‬‫ـ‬َ‫َـب‬‫ن‬َ‫ز‬‫ـ‬َ‫َـب‬‫ن‬
َ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫س‬َ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫س‬
َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬
He asked (one another)
He pretended to be sick
He quarreled, He brawled
He helped (one another)
He pretended to sleep
He gave someone a nickname to reproach
He became sick
He asked
He hit
He was middle-aged
He slept
He defamed

َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬Form VII – َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
11
22
33
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬
Original Letters
َ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬
Form VII – َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
Augmented Letters
ْ‫ن‬ْ‫ن‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ِ‫ٱ‬
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫س‬َ‫ك‬
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬‫ى‬َ‫غ‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬‫ى‬َ‫غ‬َ‫ب‬
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫م‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫م‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ه‬
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ك‬
َ‫ع‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬
َ‫ر‬َ‫َس‬‫ك‬َ‫ر‬َ‫َس‬‫ك‬
‫ى‬َ‫غ‬َ‫ب‬‫ى‬َ‫غ‬َ‫ب‬
َ‫م‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ه‬َ‫م‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ه‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬
َ‫ف‬َ‫َش‬‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫َش‬‫ك‬
He/it was overturned
He/it was cut
It got broke
It got revealed, It got disclosed
It was fitting and proper
He was defeated
He cut
He/it overturned
He broke
He revealed, He disclosed
He desired
He defeated

َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬Form VIII – َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
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22
33
ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬
Original Letters
َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
Form VIII – َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ Augmented Letters
َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ِ‫ٱ‬
ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬
ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ج‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ن‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ج‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ن‬
ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬
ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬‫ى‬َ‫ه‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬‫ى‬َ‫ه‬
َ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ش‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ج‬
َ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬َ‫ن‬
َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
‫ى‬َ‫َه‬‫ن‬‫ى‬َ‫َه‬‫ن‬
He came together
He entered into partnership
He turned aside, He avoided
He terminated, He ceased
He waited
He shared
He collected, gathered
He turned aside, He avoided
He prohibited
He saw, looked
For phonetic reasons, the augmented alphabet ‫ت‬ is sometimes replaced with ‫ط‬ ،‫ض‬ ،‫د‬ depending upon the ‫كلمة‬ ‫ف‬ of the verb.
Similarly the ‫كلمة‬ ‫ف‬ itself may be changed in some cases. We will study this later, ‫ه‬ّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫ٕن‬‫ا‬

َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬Form IX – َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
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22
33
ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َّ‫ل‬ ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َّ‫ل‬
ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َّ‫ر‬ ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َّ‫ر‬
Original Letters
Augmented Letters
Form IX – َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
ْ‫ل‬ْ‫ل‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ِ‫ٱ‬
ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ْ‫س‬َّ‫د‬ ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ْ‫س‬َّ‫د‬
ِ‫ٱ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ب‬َّ‫ض‬ ِ‫ٱ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ب‬َّ‫ض‬
ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َّ‫ر‬ ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َّ‫ر‬
ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ع‬َّ‫ج‬ ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ع‬َّ‫ج‬ َ‫ِج‬‫و‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ِج‬‫و‬َ‫ع‬
He/it turned red
He/it turned black
He/it turned white
He/it became crooked He/it was crooked
For some augmented verbs, the un-augmented verbs may not exist, as is the case above.

َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬Form X – َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
11
22
33
‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫َر‬‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫َر‬‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬
Original Letters
Augmented Letters
َ‫َر‬‫ف‬َ‫غ‬َ‫َر‬‫ف‬َ‫غ‬
Form X – َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫س‬ْ‫س‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ِ‫ٱ‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ط‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫ه‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ع‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫َر‬‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫َر‬‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫اب‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫اب‬َ‫ج‬
َ‫ر‬ُ‫َـب‬‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫َـب‬‫ك‬
َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ط‬
َ‫ِئ‬‫ز‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ِئ‬‫ز‬َ‫ه‬
َ‫ل‬ ِ‫ج‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫ج‬َ‫ع‬
َ‫َر‬‫ف‬َ‫غ‬َ‫َر‬‫ف‬َ‫غ‬
َ‫اب‬َ‫ج‬َ‫اب‬َ‫ج‬
He sought forgiveness
He deemed to be great, He became proud
He was able to
He answered
He mocked, He ridiculed
He sought to hasten
He became great
He forgave
He was obedient
He split
He mocked, He ridiculed
He hastened

َ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬More on Form II – َ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬
‫ي‬ِ‫اض‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬
ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
ِ‫ر‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬
ِ‫ر‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
ِ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬‫ال‬
ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
ِ‫ول‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
َ‫ف‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ل‬ِّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬ِّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ِّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫س‬ َ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫س‬ُ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫ي‬ُ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ْ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ٌ‫ِيس‬‫ر‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ِيس‬‫ر‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫س‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫س‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ف‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫ع‬ْ‫ع‬
َ‫ن‬َّ‫ز‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ل‬ِّ‫ز‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬ِّ‫ز‬َ‫ن‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ِّ‫ز‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َّ‫ز‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫س‬َّ‫ب‬َ‫س‬َّ‫ب‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫ح‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ي‬ُ‫ح‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ح‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ٌ‫يح‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ح‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ح‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ح‬َّ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ح‬َّ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬
Form II is also referred to as ٌ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬, because some texts refer to the augmented verbs with their ‫َر‬‫د‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫م‬pattern.
َ‫ق‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫ر‬ِّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ر‬ِّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ر‬ِّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬
َّ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ك‬َّ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫ر‬ِّ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ُ‫ي‬ُ‫ر‬ِّ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ر‬ِّ‫َس‬‫ك‬ْ‫ر‬ِّ‫َس‬‫ك‬ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ ِ‫س‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ ِ‫س‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ر‬ِّ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬ِّ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬َّ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬َّ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ُ‫م‬

َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬More on Form III – َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ،ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ج‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫د‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫د‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ٌ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ِ‫ج‬ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬-
َ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫خ‬ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ط‬ِ‫خ‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ف‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬ َ‫خ‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫ي‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫خ‬ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ط‬ِ‫خ‬ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ط‬ِ‫خ‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ش‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫د‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫د‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫د‬َ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫د‬َ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ُ‫م‬
Form III is also referred to as ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ or ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
َ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ـب‬ُ‫ي‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ـب‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫ق‬ِ‫اف‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ق‬ِ‫َاف‬‫ن‬ٌ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ف‬ِ‫ن‬ٌ‫ق‬ِ‫اف‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬‫ـ‬

‫اب‬َ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬More on Form IV – ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬
َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ِٕ‫ا‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ْ‫س‬ِٕ‫ا‬ٌ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ْ‫س‬ِٕ‫ا‬ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬-
َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫ِج‬‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫اج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ِٕ‫ا‬
ْ‫ف‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َٔ‫ا‬َٔ‫ا‬
َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ُ‫ِج‬‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ِج‬‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫اج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ٌ‫اج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ٌ‫ِج‬‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬
َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬ُ‫ح‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ح‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫َاح‬‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬ِٕ‫ا‬ٌ‫ح‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ح‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬ُ‫م‬
Form IV is also referred to as ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ِٕ‫ا‬ .
َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ل‬ ِ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬ ِ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬ِٕ‫ا‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬ِٕ‫ا‬ٌ‫ل‬ ِ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬

‫اب‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬More on Form V – ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ُّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ِّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ُ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫م‬ُّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
َّ‫ك‬ُ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ر‬ُّ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ر‬ِّ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ف‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬ْ‫ع‬
َ‫ر‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ر‬ُّ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ر‬ُّ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ر‬ِّ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬ِّ‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬-
َ‫ت‬َ‫و‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ل‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫و‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫و‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ُّ‫ك‬َ‫و‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ِّ‫ك‬َ‫و‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫و‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
Form V is also referred to as ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ٌ‫ل‬ُّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ .
َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ُ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫م‬ُّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ن‬َّ‫ز‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ل‬َّ‫ز‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬َّ‫ز‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ُّ‫ز‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ِّ‫ز‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َّ‫ز‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬

‫اب‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬More on Form VI – ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ُ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫س‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ء‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫س‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ء‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫اء‬َ‫س‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫اء‬َ‫س‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫اء‬َ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫اء‬َ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ُ‫اء‬َ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ُ‫اء‬َ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬-
ٌ‫ِض‬‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ف‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬
َ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬‫ـا‬َ‫م‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬‫ـا‬َ‫م‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬‫ـا‬َ‫م‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬‫ـا‬َ‫م‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ض‬ُ‫ر‬‫ـا‬َ‫م‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ض‬ُ‫ر‬‫ـا‬َ‫م‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ِض‬‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ِض‬‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬‫ـ‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫او‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫او‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ن‬ُ‫او‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ن‬ِ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ن‬َ‫او‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
Form VI is also referred to as ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ٌ‫ل‬ُ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ .
َ‫َر‬‫ث‬ ‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫َر‬‫ث‬ُ‫َر‬‫ث‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫َر‬‫ث‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ث‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ر‬ُ‫ث‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ر‬ُ‫ث‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ث‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ث‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ث‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ث‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ف‬ُ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ٌ‫ِف‬‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬

‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬More on Form VII – ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬‫ـ‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫َاب‬‫ل‬ِ‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫َاب‬‫ل‬ِ‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬-
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ر‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ف‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫ن‬ْ‫ن‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ِ‫ٱ‬
َ‫ر‬َ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ر‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬‫ـ‬
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ك‬ُ‫ف‬ِ‫ش‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ش‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫اف‬َ‫ش‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ف‬ِ‫ش‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬‫ـ‬
Form VII is also referred to as ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ .
َ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ص‬ُ‫ِف‬‫ر‬ َ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ َ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫اف‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫اف‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ِف‬‫ر‬ َ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬‫ـ‬
َ‫د‬َ‫َر‬‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫د‬َ‫َر‬‫ف‬ُ‫د‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫د‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬‫ـ‬

‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬More on Form VIII – ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬-
ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ش‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ش‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ش‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ش‬ُ‫م‬
ْ‫ف‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬
َ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ش‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ش‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ش‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ش‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ش‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ش‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫ن‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ج‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬
Form VIII is also referred to as ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ٱ‬ .
ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫خ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫خ‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫َاف‬‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫خ‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬‫ـ‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ح‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫اب‬َ‫س‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫اب‬َ‫س‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬َ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬َ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬

‫اب‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬More on Form X – ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫َر‬‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫َر‬‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ر‬‫َا‬‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ر‬‫َا‬‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬
ْ‫ف‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫س‬ْ‫س‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ِ‫ٱ‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ُ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬
Form X is also referred to as ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ .
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ُ‫ِج‬‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ِج‬‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ِج‬‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫اج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫اج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ِج‬‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ق‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬

Augmented Three Letter Verb Chart
ُ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬
Form
ٌ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫ل‬ِّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ ُ‫ل‬ِّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫ف‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ II
ٌ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬،ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ْ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬ ُ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ III
ٌ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َٔ‫ا‬ ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫ي‬ َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ IV
َ‫ف‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫ع‬ْ‫ع‬
َ‫ف‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
ْ‫ف‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َٔ‫ا‬َٔ‫ا‬
ٌ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ُّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ V
ٌ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ُ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ VI
‫ــ‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ VII
ٌ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ VIII
‫ــ‬ ٌّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ٱ‬ َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ُّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َّ‫ل‬ IX
ٌ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬ ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ Xْ‫ف‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫س‬ْ‫س‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ِ‫ٱ‬
َ‫ف‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬ْ‫ع‬
َ‫ف‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ا‬
َ‫ف‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫ن‬ْ‫ن‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ِ‫ٱ‬
ْ‫ف‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ِ‫ٱ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬
ْ‫ف‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫ٱ‬ِ‫ٱ‬ْ‫ل‬ْ‫ل‬

Classification of Verbs
ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫ر‬ ٌ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫ر‬ ٌ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫ر‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫ر‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬
ُ‫ل‬ُ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬
ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬
ُ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬
ُ‫ل‬ُ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ل‬ُ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬
ُ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬
ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬
َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ع‬‫ـ‬َ‫ف‬
II
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬
III
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ف‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ف‬َٔ‫ا‬
َ‫ل‬َّ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬
V
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫َا‬‫ف‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬
VI
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ا‬
VII
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ا‬
VIII
َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ا‬
IX
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
X
ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬ ٌ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬ ٌ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬‫َع‬‫ف‬َ‫ت‬
َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬َ‫ع‬‫ف‬ِ‫ا‬
َّ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ف‬ِ‫ا‬
ُ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ف‬َٔ‫ا‬
IV
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ا‬
VII
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
X
ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫س‬ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫س‬
ٌ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ف‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
ِ‫ء‬‫َا‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ز‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬‫ه‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ء‬‫َا‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ز‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬‫ه‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫ين‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ز‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬‫ه‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ين‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ز‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬‫ه‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ز‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬‫ه‬َ‫م‬ِ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ز‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬‫ه‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫ء‬‫َا‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُّ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ع‬ُ‫م‬)ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ث‬ِ‫م‬( ِ‫ء‬‫َا‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُّ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ع‬ُ‫م‬)ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ث‬ِ‫م‬(
ِ‫ين‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ُّ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ع‬ُ‫م‬)ٌ‫ف‬َ‫و‬‫ج‬َٔ‫ا‬( ِ‫ين‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ُّ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ع‬ُ‫م‬)ٌ‫ف‬َ‫و‬‫ج‬َٔ‫ا‬(
ٌ‫ق‬‫و‬ُ‫فر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫يف‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬ٌ‫ق‬‫و‬ُ‫فر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫يف‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬
ٌ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫قر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫يف‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬ٌ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫قر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫يف‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬
ِ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ ُّ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ع‬ُ‫م‬)ٌ‫ص‬ِ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ن‬( ِ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ ُّ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ع‬ُ‫م‬)ٌ‫ص‬ِ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ن‬(
ٌ‫يح‬ ِ‫ح‬ َ‫ص‬ٌ‫يح‬ ِ‫ح‬ َ‫ص‬ٌّ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ع‬ُ‫م‬ٌّ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬‫ع‬ُ‫م‬

An Intermediate Dictionary of Verb Conjugation - Numbering
II
III
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
۱۲۳٤
۱
۲
۳٦
٥
٤
۰
۱
۲٥
٤
۳
٨
٧
٦
۱۱
۲
۳
IV
VII
X
۲٥٨
۰
۱
۲
۳
٤
٥
٦
٧
٨
٩

َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬‫َـ‬‫ك‬Classification of Verbs – Example )َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬‫َـ‬‫ك‬(
II
III
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
۱۲۳٤
۱
۲
۳٦
٥
٤
۰
۱
۲٥
٤
۳
٨
٧
٦
۱ ۱ ۰
۱۱
۲
۳
IV
VII
X
۲٥٨
۰
۱
۲
۳
٤
٥
٦
٧
٨
٩

َ‫د‬َ‫ج‬َ‫و‬Classification of Verbs – Example )َ‫د‬َ‫ج‬َ‫و‬(
II
III
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
۱۲۳٤
۱
۲
۳٦
٥
٤
۰
۱
۲٥
٤
۳
٨
٧
٦
۱ ۲ ٥
۱۱
۲
۳
IV
VII
X
۲٥٨
۰
۱
۲
۳
٤
٥
٦
٧
٨
٩

Classification of Verbs – Example )َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬(
II
III
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
۱۲۳٤
۱
۲
۳٦
٥
٤
۰
۱
۲٥
٤
۳
٨
٧
٦
۱ ۱ ٦
۱۱
۲
۳
IV
VII
X
۲٥٨
۰
۱
۲
۳
٤
٥
٦
٧
٨
٩

َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬Classification of Verbs – Example )َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬(
II
III
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
۱۲۳٤
۱
۲
۳٦
٥
٤
۰
۱
۲٥
٤
۳
٨
٧
٦
۲ ۰ ۰
۱۱
۲
۳
IV
VII
X
۲٥٨
۰
۱
۲
۳
٤
٥
٦
٧
٨
٩

Declinable nouns are
divided into three sub-
types depending upon
Noun’s Declensions and Non-Declensions
A noun, when used in a sentence, must be in one of the three cases; ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬, ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ or ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬. This is called Noun
Declension and it establishes the function of that noun in the sentence. The noun declension is usually
indicated by the noun ending. While most nouns decline, some do not. And the ones which decline, have
different signs of declension. Nouns are classified according to their declension or non-declension as follows:
Noun ‫اسم‬
ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬Non-Declinable ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬ Declinable ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ُ‫م‬
There is no change in the endings
of these nouns to indicate their
function.
There is a change in the endings of
these nouns to indicate their function
in the sentence.
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8)
types depending upon
the type of their endings
28
ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬
Primary Endings
ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬
Secondary Endings
ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬
Latent Endings
ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬
Majority of Arabic nouns are
declinable with primary endings.
These endings are considered the
rule, while all others are exceptions
The nouns which are non-declinable or
declinable with secondary or latent endings
are exceptions and are described in more
detail in the subsequent pages.
These are declinable
nouns, but they
decline with non-
primary endings.
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬
• ُ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ for ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬
• ُ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ for ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬
• ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ for ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ to their function.
For some declinable
nouns, their endings
are hidden and are
estimated according
to their function.

ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬
Secondary Endings
ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬Non-Declinable ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬
‫اسم‬Noun ‫اسم‬
ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ُ‫م‬Declinable ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ُ‫م‬
Primary Endings
Latent Endings
ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬
Pronouns
ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬
ِ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ِٕ‫الا‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬
Demonstrative Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬
1
2
3
َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬،ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬،ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ،‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ِّ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ،‫ي‬،
َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬ ،ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬ ،‫و‬َ‫ن‬
‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬،ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬،َ‫ك‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫ذ‬،َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬،ِ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ؤ‬َ‫ه‬،
ٰ‫ل‬‫و‬ُٔ‫ا‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ئ‬
‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬،ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬،َ‫ك‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫ذ‬،َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬،ِ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ؤ‬َ‫ه‬،
ٰ‫ل‬‫و‬ُٔ‫ا‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ئ‬
‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ي‬ِ‫ت‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬،‫ي‬ِ‫ت‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬،َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬
The dual forms in these two cases
are not
ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬and are fully
declinable. E.g, ِ‫ان‬َ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ ،ِ‫ان‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬
ِ‫ان‬َ‫ت‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ،ِ‫ان‬َ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬
ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِٕ‫الا‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬
Interrogative Nouns
ِ‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُّ‫ظ‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ض‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬
Some Adverbs
ِ‫ال‬َ‫ع‬‫ف‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬
Verb-Nouns (Interjections)
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫د‬‫َا‬‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬
Compound Numbers
3
4
5
6
7
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬،‫ي‬ِ‫ت‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬،َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ى‬َ‫ت‬َ‫م‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ك‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬،َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬،‫ا‬َ‫م‬،‫ى‬َ‫ت‬َ‫م‬،َ‫ف‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ك‬
ُ‫ث‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ح‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬،ٓ‫ا‬‫ال‬َ‫ن‬،ُ‫ث‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ح‬،ِ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ٓم‬‫ا‬ِ‫ه‬ٓ‫ا‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ٓم‬‫ا‬،ٍّ‫ف‬ُٔ‫ا‬،ِ‫ه‬ٓ‫ا‬
َ‫ر‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫د‬َ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ث‬ِ‫َّال‬‫ث‬‫ال‬ َ‫ر‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫د‬َ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬،َ‫ر‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ت‬،َ‫ر‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ث‬ِ‫َّال‬‫ث‬‫ال‬
ِ‫ان‬َ‫ت‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ،ِ‫ان‬َ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬
ِ‫ان‬َ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ ،ِ‫ان‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬
ِ‫ان‬َ‫ت‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ،ِ‫ان‬َ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ are declinable.
َ‫ر‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬
In the compound number twelve
(َ‫ر‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ث‬ِ‫ا‬), only the second part is
ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬, while the first part is ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ُ‫م‬
(declinable); i.e.,
‫ا‬َ‫ن‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ث‬ِ‫ا‬ ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ر‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬

ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬Secondary Endings - ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬
Primary Endings
ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬
Latent Endings
ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬
ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫ص‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫ص‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬
Secondary Endings
Sound Feminine Plural
ِ‫م‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫الس‬ ِ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
1ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬ِ‫ات‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ ُ‫ات‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ت‬َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬
Primary Ending
Secondary Ending
Key:
ِ‫م‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫الس‬ ِ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫م‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫الس‬ ِ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬ َّ‫الص‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬ْ‫م‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
Diptote
ُ‫ة‬َ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
Five (Special) Nouns
ِ‫م‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫الس‬ ِ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
Sound masculine Plural
‫ى‬َّ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ث‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
Dual
2
3
4
5
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ُ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ُ‫اء‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫او‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ُ‫اء‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫او‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ُ‫اء‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ُ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ب‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬
‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬ِ‫ات‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬
َ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ب‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ب‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬َ‫م‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬‫و‬ٍ‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬ٍ‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬‫ي‬ٍ‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬
ُ‫ات‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ت‬َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬
ُ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬‫و‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬‫يـ‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬‫يـ‬َ‫ن‬
َ‫د‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬‫ا‬ِ‫ن‬َ‫د‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬َ‫د‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬
Only when they
are ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ to
anything other
than ِ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫ي‬

Secondary Endings
ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬Latent Endings - ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ق‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬
Primary Endings
ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫ص‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫ص‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
The Maqsûr
ُ‫ر‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
1ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬‫ى‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬‫ى‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬‫ى‬
Primary Ending
Latent Ending
Key:
Latent Endings
ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬ِ‫ـ‬ِ‫ـ‬ِ‫ـ‬ِ‫ـ‬
ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬
The latent (estimated) ending is
shown in the cloud label
The Manqûs
ُ‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
Mudâf of the Ist Person
ِ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
Singular Pronoun
2
3
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ُ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬
ِ‫َاض‬‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬‫ي‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬‫ى‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬‫ى‬
َ‫ي‬ِ‫َاض‬‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫َاض‬‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬‫ي‬
‫ـا‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُٔ‫ا‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ي‬‫ـا‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُٔ‫ا‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ي‬‫ـا‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُٔ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ي‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬‫ى‬ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬
ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬
ِ‫ـ‬ِ‫ـ‬ِ‫ـ‬ِ‫ـ‬
ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬
ِ‫ـ‬ِ‫ـ‬ِ‫ـ‬ِ‫ـ‬
The Maqsûr – ُ‫ر‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ر‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ر‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ر‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫:ا‬ It is a noun ending in a long â, e.g., ‫ى‬َ‫ث‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ن‬ُٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ ،‫َى‬‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ،‫ى‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ،‫َا‬‫ف‬ َّ‫الص‬ ،‫ا‬ َ‫ص‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ُ‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
‫ي‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ،‫ي‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ،
The Manqûs – ُ‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫:ا‬ It is a noun ending in an original yâ and the letter before the yâ has a
kasrah e.g., ‫ي‬ِ‫َاض‬‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ،‫ي‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ،

Secondary Endings
Summary - Noun Declensions and Non-Declensions
Primary Endings
The Maqsûr
Latent Endings
Sound Feminine Plural
ِ‫م‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫الس‬ ِ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬
Majority of Arabic nouns
belong to this category.
The Manqûs
ُ‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
Singular Pronoun
ِ‫م‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫الس‬ ِ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫م‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫الس‬ ِ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
Diptote
Five (Special) Nouns
Sound masculine Plural
Dual
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬
Interrogative Nouns
Some Adverbs
Verb-Nouns
Compound Numbers
belong to this category.
Their endings are
considered primary (or
original) as they define
the basic rules of noun
declension. These
endings are:
ُ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ for ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ for ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ for ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬

ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬
‫وا‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ْ‫غ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬‫وا‬ ُ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َٔ‫ا‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬
And when they hear ill speech, they turn away from it.
(28:55) ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ‫وا‬ ُ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫و‬ْ‫غ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬...﴿‫القصص‬:٥٥﴾
ُ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬
Instrument of
the Condition
In this example ‫ِذا‬ٕ‫ا‬ is ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬ signifies a ٌ‫رط‬َ‫ش‬
(conditional clause), and there are
many ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ات‬َ‫و‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬ (instruments of
condition)
Generally ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬ belongs to one
of two categories:
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬Verb of the
Condition
‫وا‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬Answer to the
Condition
In this example ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ‫وا‬ ُ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َٔ‫ا‬ is ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ can be a nominal or
verbal sentence.
If ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬ is ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫,ج‬ than ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
of two categories:
o ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ : Ones, which change the
verb in ُ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ and ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬,
to ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬
o ُ‫َير‬‫غ‬ٍ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ : Ones, which do not
change the verbs in ُ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ and
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬, to ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬. ‫ِذا‬ٕ‫ا‬
belongs to this group
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬ changes the meaning of
ُ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ and ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ to future,
even if the verbs are ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
In this example ‫وا‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ is ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ will always be ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
or ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
If ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬ is ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫,ج‬ than ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ will become ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬
If ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬ is ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫,ج‬ than ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
will become ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ is prefixed with a < ‫فـ‬>,
if it meets certain conditions. E.g., if
it is a nominal sentence or there is
ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َ‫ط‬ in it. For a complete list, see
subsequent pages
If ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬is prefixed with a < ‫فـ‬>
the ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ is not made ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬,
even if the ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬is ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬
١(ٌ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬)ٍ‫ر‬‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ‫و‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٍ‫ر‬‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬ ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬(
٢(‫ى‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ن‬)ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬(
٣(ٌ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫فه‬ِ‫ت‬‫ِس‬ٕ‫ا‬
See subsequent pages for more details

ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ات‬َ‫و‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬Instruments of Condition - ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ات‬َ‫و‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬
If, When
‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ات‬َ‫و‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬Two categories of ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ات‬َ‫و‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ٓ‫ا‬ ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ت‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ل‬َّ‫و‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ير‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬
“When Our verses are
recited to him, he says,
"Legends of the former
peoples."” (68:15)
ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬‫ذ‬َٔ‫ا‬If you go,
I (will) go
‫﴿القلم‬:١٥﴾
ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬
۲ ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬Both the verbs ( ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ُ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬
and ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬) are made
ٍ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬ٍ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬
۱
ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬
Neither of the two verbs
( ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ُ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ or ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬) is
made ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬
‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬
Whoever
‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬
Whatever
‫ى‬َ‫ت‬َ‫م‬‫ى‬َ‫ت‬َ‫م‬
Whenever
َ‫ين‬َٔ‫ا‬/‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ن‬‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫ين‬َٔ‫ا‬/‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ن‬‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬
Wherever
ُّ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬ُّ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬
Whichever
‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ه‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ه‬َ‫م‬
Whatever
‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬
If
ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬‫ذ‬َٔ‫ا‬I (will) go
ْ‫ب‬َ‫شر‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫شر‬َٔ‫ا‬Whatever you
drink, I (will) drink
ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ and ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬) are made
ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬.
ِ‫ين‬َ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫ت‬ (It makes two
verbs ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬)

ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ات‬َ‫و‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬Instruments of Condition - ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ات‬َ‫و‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬
‫ِن‬ٕ‫ا‬‫ِن‬ٕ‫ا‬
“if you support Allah, He will
support you and plant firmly
your feet” (47:7) َ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ر‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫د‬ْ‫ق‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫ت‬ِّ‫ب‬‫ـ‬َ‫ث‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ر‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫ي‬‫﴿محمد‬:٧﴾
Whenever you travel,
ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬َ‫م‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ِ‫ة‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫الج‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫ت‬َ‫ح‬ِ‫ت‬ُ‫ف‬
When Ramadan
comes, doors of the
Paradise are opened
ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬
ٍ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬ٍ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬
ِ‫ين‬َ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ين‬َ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫ت‬
‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬
ُّ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬ُّ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬
َ‫ين‬َٔ‫ا‬/‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ن‬‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫ين‬َٔ‫ا‬/‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ن‬‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ى‬َ‫ت‬َ‫م‬‫ى‬َ‫ت‬َ‫م‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ه‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ه‬َ‫م‬
‫ِن‬ٕ‫ا‬‫ِن‬ٕ‫ا‬“Whoever does an atom’s weight of
good, shall see it” (99:7) ‫ا‬ً‫ير‬َ‫خ‬ ٍ‫ة‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ذ‬ َ‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ق‬‫ث‬ِ‫م‬ ْ‫ل‬َ‫م‬‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ي‬‫﴿الزلزلة‬:٧﴾
“And whatever good you do, Allah
knows it” (2:197) ٍ‫ر‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫خ‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬‫﴿البقرة‬:١٩٧﴾
Whichever dictionary we find
in the bookshop, we will buy it
ِ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬‫ك‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫د‬ ِ‫َج‬‫ن‬ ٍ‫م‬َ‫عج‬ُ‫م‬ َّ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ر‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫َش‬‫ن‬
Whatever you say,
we believe you ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ه‬َ‫م‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ق‬ِّ‫د‬ َ‫ُص‬‫ن‬
Wherever you stay, I
(will) stay (there)
ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬‫س‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫ين‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬
Whenever you travel,
I (will) travel
ْ‫ر‬‫ـ‬ِ‫اف‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ت‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ر‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ساف‬ُٔ‫ا‬
ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬

ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫ج‬
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬should be preceded with ‫ـ‬َ‫ف‬, if it meets certain conditions.
For example, if ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬is a ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫ج‬, it will be preceded with a ‫ـ‬َ‫ف‬
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ِ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ِ‫ء‬‫َا‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫خ‬ُ‫د‬ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ِ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ِ‫ء‬‫َا‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫خ‬ُ‫د‬
‫ي‬ِّ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ع‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬‫ــ‬َ‫ف‬ٌ‫ِيب‬‫ر‬َ‫ق‬ ‫ِّي‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ـ‬
‫ــ‬َ‫ف‬‫﴿البقرة‬:١٨٦﴾
“And if My slave asks you
about Me, than surely I am
near (2:186)”
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ط‬ ٌ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫فه‬ِ‫ت‬‫س‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ،‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ن‬ ،ٌ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬Also, if ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬contains a ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ط‬(ٌ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫فه‬ِ‫ت‬‫س‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ،‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ن‬ ،ٌ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬), it will be preceded with a ‫ـ‬َ‫ف‬
‫ا‬ً‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫يت‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ــ‬َ‫ف‬‫؟‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ق‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬
‫ــ‬َ‫ف‬
There are other conditions which require ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ to be preceded
with ‫ـ‬َ‫ف‬. These are described in subsequent pages.
If I see Bilal, what should
I tell him

ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬should be preceded with ‫ـ‬َ‫ف‬, if it ( ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬) meets one of the following conditions:
ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫ج‬ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫ج‬
ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ك‬
‫ـ‬َ‫س‬‫ـ‬َ‫س‬
َ‫وف‬َ‫س‬
‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َّ‫ش‬َ‫غ‬ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ـــ‬َ‫ف‬َ‫يس‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
Whoever deceives us, is not
one of us
ْ‫ر‬ِ‫اف‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ــ‬َ‫ف‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫اف‬َ‫س‬ُٔ‫ا‬‫ـ‬
If you travel, I will (also)
travel
ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ط‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬‫ـــ‬َ‫ف‬‫َد‬‫ق‬‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ظ‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ز‬‫و‬َ‫ف‬ َ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬
“Whoever obeys Allah and His
messenger, has indeed achieved
a great success” (33:71) ‫حزاب‬ٔ‫ا‬‫﴿ال‬:٧١﴾
ٌ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ط‬ٌ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ط‬
ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ك‬
‫ن‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬َ‫ل‬
َ‫وف‬َ‫س‬َ‫وف‬َ‫س‬
ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫اف‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫اف‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ر‬‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫ر‬‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ن‬ٌ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫فه‬ِ‫ت‬‫س‬ِٕ‫ا‬ٌ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫فه‬ِ‫ت‬‫س‬ِٕ‫ا‬
ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ى‬َ‫س‬َ‫ع‬ ،َ‫يس‬َ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ is a verb having only one form, e.g. ‫ى‬َ‫س‬َ‫ع‬ ،َ‫يس‬َ‫ل‬. These have no ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬or ٌ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ًا‬‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬ َ‫يت‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ـــ‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬‫س‬ُ‫ه‬‫ــ‬
ِ‫ر‬‫ف‬َّ‫الس‬ ِ‫د‬ِ‫وع‬َ‫م‬ ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬
If you see Hamid, ask him
about the time of departure
‫ا‬ً‫م‬ِ‫ئ‬‫َا‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫ِيض‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ َ‫دت‬َ‫ج‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ـــ‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ظ‬ِ‫وق‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ه‬
If you find the patient sleeping, don’t wake him up
‫ا‬َ‫ُّني‬‫د‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ َ‫ِير‬‫ر‬َ‫الح‬ َ‫س‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ــ‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫خ‬ٓ‫ا‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫س‬َ‫لب‬َ‫ي‬
Whoever puts on silk (dress) in this world, will not put it on in the
Hereafter
ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُّ‫ظ‬‫ال‬ ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ه‬َ‫م‬‫ــ‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ك‬َٔ‫ا‬
Whatever the circumstances be, I do not
lie

ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬Once ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬is preceded with ‫ـ‬َ‫ف‬, its verb will not be ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬ even if ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬is ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬
ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ــ‬َ‫ف‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ُٔ‫ا‬‫ـ‬If you travel, I will (also) travel
ِ‫ين‬َ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫جـ‬َ‫ت‬ ،ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ، ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬ِ‫ين‬َ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫جـ‬َ‫ت‬ ،ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ، ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬
In this case, the whole ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬is said to be ٍ‫م‬‫ز‬َ‫ج‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬
If, in the above example, ‫سـ‬was not used in the ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬, it will cause ‫ـ‬َ‫ف‬ to be dropped, which
will result in the verb in ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬to be ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬, as shown below:
ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ُٔ‫ا‬If you travel, I (will also) travel
ِ‫ين‬َ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫جـ‬َ‫ت‬ ،ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ، ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬ِ‫ين‬َ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫جـ‬َ‫ت‬ ،ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ، ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫م‬

ُ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬‫ط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬Four Uses of ُ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬‫ط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
ُ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬‫ط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬The Absolute Object – ُ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬‫ط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
ٌ‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ض‬‫ا‬ً‫ب‬ْ‫ر‬ َ‫ض‬
ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫م‬
ُ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬‫ط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ is a ‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬ of the verb occurring in the sentence used along with the
verb, for the sake of emphasis. It is always ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫م‬.
Bilal beat me
a beating
‫ى‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ِ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬ْٔ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ل‬‫ى‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ِ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬ْٔ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ل‬ِ‫د‬َ‫د‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ان‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬ِ‫د‬َ‫د‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ان‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬
And Allah spoke to MûsâThe book was printed
‫ى‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ِ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬ْٔ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ل‬‫ى‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ِ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬ْٔ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ل‬
ِ‫ع‬‫و‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ان‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫و‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ان‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬
ِ‫د‬َ‫د‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ان‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬ِ‫د‬َ‫د‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ان‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬
ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬
ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬
To emphasize the
meaning
To specify the
number
To specify the type
of action
As a substitute for
its verb
And Allah spoke to Mûsâ
directly
‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬
‫﴿النساء‬:١٦٤﴾
The book was printed
twice
ِ‫ين‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬‫ب‬َ‫ط‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫الك‬ َ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬ُ‫ط‬
He died the death of
martyrs
ِ‫ء‬‫َا‬‫د‬َ‫ه‬ُّ‫الش‬ َ‫وت‬َ‫م‬ َ‫ات‬َ‫م‬
I thank
you
‫ا‬ً‫كر‬ُ‫ش‬
‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬In this case, only the ‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬is used and the verb is omitted
‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬
which is omitted
Here the ‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬is
a substitute for
the verb ُ‫ر‬ُ‫ك‬‫ش‬َٔ‫ا‬,
which is omitted

ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫َاب‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬Deputies of the Masdar – ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫َاب‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬
ُ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬‫ط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
The following words deputize for ‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬and are therefore ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫م‬. These are grammatically
regarded as ُ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬‫ط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬.
ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ً‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ُّ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫عض‬َ‫ب‬َ‫و‬ ُّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ً‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ُّ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫عض‬َ‫ب‬َ‫و‬ ُّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬
Words ُّ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬ ،ُ‫عض‬َ‫ب‬ ،ُّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ with the ‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬ as their
ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
ُ‫ه‬ُ‫د‬َ‫د‬َ‫ع‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫د‬َ‫د‬َ‫ع‬
ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ص‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ص‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
I know him fully well
ِ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬‫ع‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ َّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬‫ع‬َٔ‫ا‬
Flog them eighty stripes
ً‫ة‬َ‫د‬‫ل‬َ‫ج‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ث‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫ُو‬‫د‬ِ‫ل‬‫اج‬َ‫ف‬
‫﴿النور‬:٤﴾
A number with the
‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬ as its ‫يز‬ِ‫ي‬‫م‬َ‫ت‬
I understood the
lesson very well
He spoke to me harsh
words
‫ًا‬‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ش‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ This is for
۱
۳
۲
٤
ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ص‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ص‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
ِ‫َاق‬‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬‫ش‬ِ‫الا‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫َاق‬‫ل‬ُ‫ي‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬ِ‫َاق‬‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬‫ش‬ِ‫الا‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫َاق‬‫ل‬ُ‫ي‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ِٕ‫الا‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ِٕ‫الا‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫د‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ير‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫د‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ير‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ف‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ف‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬
The cognate ‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬
A demonstrative pronoun
with the ‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬ as its ‫َل‬‫د‬َ‫ب‬
A pronoun referring
to the ‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬
A synonym of
the ‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬
‫ًا‬‫د‬ِّ‫ي‬َ‫ج‬ َ‫َّرس‬‫د‬‫ال‬ ُ‫مت‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ف‬
‫ًا‬‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ش‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬
And you love wealth with an
abounding love
‫ا‬ًّ‫م‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬ًّ‫ب‬ُ‫ح‬ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُّ‫ب‬ ِ‫ح‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫و‬
‫﴿الفجر‬:٢٠﴾
Do you accord me this kind of
reception?
‫؟‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫قب‬ِ‫ت‬‫س‬ِٕ‫الا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬‫ق‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬َ‫ت‬َٔ‫ا‬
An adjective of
the ‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬, which
itself is omitted
‫ًا‬‫د‬ِّ‫ي‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫ه‬َ‫ف‬ َ‫َّرس‬‫د‬‫ال‬ ُ‫مت‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ف‬
I worked hard in a way nobody else did
‫ِي‬‫ر‬‫ي‬َ‫غ‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫د‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬‫ج‬َ‫ي‬ ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ً‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ِ‫ت‬‫ج‬ِ‫ا‬ ُ‫دت‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬‫ج‬ِ‫ا‬
I lived a happy life
ً‫ة‬َ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫س‬ ً‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ح‬ ُ‫شت‬ِ‫ع‬
See subsequent pages for more on these topics
٥
٧
٦
٨

ِ‫َاق‬‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬‫ش‬ِ‫الا‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ي‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬The Cognate Masdar – ِ‫َاق‬‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬‫ش‬ِ‫الا‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ي‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬
A cognate masdar is one which is not the masdar of the verb used in the sentence, but it is
related to the verb in its common root. The following two situations apply:
ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬ٌ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬ٌ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬
ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬
And you love wealth with an
abounding love ‫﴿الفجر‬:٢٠﴾
From two different forms
And devote yourself to Him with
complete devotion
۱۲
* *****
cog-nate - ˈkäg-ˌnāt : word related to another by common rootcog-nate - ˈkäg-ˌnāt : word related to another by common root ‫ي‬ِ‫َاق‬‫ل‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫َاق‬‫ل‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫َاق‬‫ل‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫َاق‬‫ل‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬(Form III): To meet‫ي‬ِ‫َاق‬‫ل‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫َاق‬‫ل‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫َاق‬‫ل‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫َاق‬‫ل‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬(Form III): To meet
abounding love
‫ا‬ًّ‫م‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬ًّ‫ب‬ُ‫ح‬ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُّ‫ب‬ ِ‫ح‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫و‬
‫﴿الفجر‬:٢٠﴾
ُّ‫ب‬ ِ‫ح‬َ‫ي‬ َّ‫ب‬َ‫ح‬ ٌ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬ُّ‫ب‬ ِ‫ح‬َ‫ي‬ َّ‫ب‬َ‫ح‬ (ٌ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬)
Masdar: ٌّ‫ب‬ُ‫ح‬
Root: ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬
ُّ‫ب‬ ِ‫ح‬ُ‫ي‬ َّ‫ب‬َ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ُّ‫ب‬ ِ‫ح‬ُ‫ي‬ َّ‫ب‬َ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ Form IV
Masdar: ٌ‫اب‬َ‫حب‬ِٕ‫ا‬
Root: ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬
complete devotion
ْ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ـب‬َ‫ت‬َ‫و‬‫ًا‬‫ل‬‫ـيـ‬ِ‫ت‬‫ـبـ‬َ‫ت‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫﴿المزمل‬:٨﴾
ُ‫ل‬‫ـ‬ِّ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ـب‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ب‬ Form II
Masdar: ٌ‫ل‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ت‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ب‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬
Root: ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬
ُ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ـب‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ـب‬َ‫ت‬ Form V
Masdar: ٌ‫ل‬‫ـ‬ُّ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ـب‬َ‫ت‬
Root: ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬
ٌ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬‫ش‬ِ‫ا‬ٌ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬‫ش‬ِ‫ا‬ٌ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬‫ش‬ِ‫ا‬ٌ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬‫ش‬ِ‫ا‬ : Derivationٌ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬‫ش‬ِ‫ا‬ٌ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬‫ش‬ِ‫ا‬ٌ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬‫ش‬ِ‫ا‬ٌ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ق‬ِ‫ت‬‫ش‬ِ‫ا‬ : Derivation
* ** ***
Common root Common root

ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
ٌ‫ل‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ف‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬
It is a word that has the same meaning as the masdar but has fewer letters than the masdar. Every
verb has a masdar. But in the derived forms of verbs, i.e. ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َ‫م‬, there could be ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬along
with the regular masdar. Mostly Form II has ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬on the pattern of ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ along with its
regular masdar on the pattern of ٌ‫ل‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ف‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬.
ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ُ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬
ٌ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫س‬ ٌ‫م‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ي‬
ٌ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬ْٔ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫ن‬َّ‫ذ‬َٔ‫ا‬ُ‫ن‬ِّ‫ذ‬َ‫ؤ‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ي‬
ٌ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫ع‬ِّ‫د‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫ع‬َّ‫د‬َ‫و‬
ٌ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫ع‬ِّ‫د‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫ع‬َّ‫د‬َ‫و‬
ٌ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ط‬ ٌ‫ق‬ْ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫ق‬‫ـ‬ِّ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫ق‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َ‫ط‬
ٌ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ ٌ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬‫َـ‬‫ك‬ُ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َ‫ك‬ُ‫ي‬
ٌ‫ع‬‫ـا‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ـي‬ِ‫ت‬‫ـ‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ِّ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫م‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫ع‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ة‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ َ‫ص‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ي‬ِّ‫ل‬ َ‫ص‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ل‬ َ‫ص‬
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ب‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ق‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫يـ‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ق‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫ل‬ِّ‫ب‬‫َـ‬‫ق‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ب‬‫ـ‬َ‫ق‬
ٌ‫وء‬ ُ‫ض‬ُ‫و‬ ٌ‫ؤ‬‫ـ‬ ُّ‫ض‬َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ َٔ‫ا‬ َّ‫ض‬َ‫و‬َ‫ت‬ُٔ‫ا‬ َّ‫ض‬َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬
ِ‫زن‬َ‫و‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬َ‫ع‬‫ـ‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫زن‬َ‫و‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬َ‫ع‬‫ـ‬َ‫ف‬
ِ‫زن‬َ‫و‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ـة‬َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ف‬ ِ‫زن‬َ‫و‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ـة‬َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ف‬
ِ‫زن‬َ‫و‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ول‬ُ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ف‬ ِ‫زن‬َ‫و‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ول‬ُ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ف‬
Form II
Form V
Number of letters in each word:Number of letters in each word: 44 55

ُ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬The Oath – ُ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬
‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫م‬ِ‫قس‬ُٔ‫ا‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫م‬ِ‫قس‬ُٔ‫ا‬
َ‫و‬َ‫و‬
The following are the instruments of Qasam used to commence an oath:
‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫م‬ ِ‫س‬ْ‫ق‬ُٔ‫ا‬ِ‫ِب‬‫ر‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫غ‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ِق‬‫ر‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ش‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ِّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬
َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫د‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬ ‫َّا‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬
ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ف‬
َ‫م‬َ‫قس‬َٔ‫ا‬/ُ‫م‬ ِ‫ـقس‬ُ‫ي‬
‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬:ٌ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ِقس‬ٕ‫ا‬
َ‫م‬َ‫قس‬َٔ‫ا‬/ُ‫م‬ ِ‫ـقس‬ُ‫ي‬
‫َر‬‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬:ٌ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ِقس‬ٕ‫ا‬
‫ام‬َ‫ِقس‬ٕ‫ا‬
used more often.
The word ‫ام‬َ‫ِقس‬ٕ‫ا‬ is not used frequently.
Instead ‫م‬َ‫س‬َ‫ق‬, which is its ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬‫ص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫اس‬, is
used more often.
۱
۲ َ‫و‬ٍ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫خ‬ ‫ى‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫نس‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ِ‫ر‬‫ص‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬
‫﴿المعارج‬:٤٠﴾
One of the important topics in Arabic is the Qasam ُ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬: taking an oath to emphasize a point, a matter,
or a statement, etc. It has its own rules.
‫﴿العصر‬:١‫ـ‬٢﴾These 3 particles are also used to commence an oath and
act as ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫ح‬, so the noun after them is ‫ور‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬. They
‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬
۳
٤
۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َ‫و‬‫ــ‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫غ‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬ ‫َّا‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ن‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ة‬َّ‫ز‬ِ‫ع‬
َ‫و‬‫ــ‬َ‫ت‬‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫ص‬َٔ‫ا‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬...
‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ‫م‬َ‫س‬َ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫م‬ ِ‫قس‬ُٔ‫ا‬
‫الل‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ه‬
This ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ is not related to the ‫م‬َ‫س‬َ‫ق‬ . ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ is by itself. The ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ before the ُ‫م‬ ِ‫قس‬ُٔ‫ا‬ is used to negate any idea, notion,
thought or opinion in the minds of the listener(s) being addressed. The person initiating an oath uses ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬
before the instrument of oath to spell out that the matter is not as you think, but rather it is what he will
state after taking the ‫م‬َ‫س‬َ‫ق‬. ( ‫الل‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫م‬ ِ‫قس‬ُٔ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ه‬/‫الل‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ه‬ ). In the Qur’an, ‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫م‬ ِ‫قس‬ُٔ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ has been used 8 times. Even in
everyday conversations, one may hear ‫الل‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ه‬
‫﴿الشعراء‬:٤٤﴾
‫نبياء‬ٔ‫ا‬‫﴿ال‬:٥٧﴾
act as ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫ح‬, so the noun after them is ‫ور‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬. They
deputize for the verb ُ‫م‬ ِ‫قس‬ُٔ‫ا‬, which itself is not mentioned
‫الل‬ ّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬This particle is only used with ‫الل‬‫ه‬ and ّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬

ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬
ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬
The ُ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ requires ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬, which may be ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ or ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬. ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫,ج‬ as a rule, requires
emphasis. There are instruments of emphasis, which one must understand to fully appreciate the power &
force of ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬. We will study the instruments of emphasis on the next few pages, ‫ه‬ّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫ٕن‬‫ا‬
ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ت‬َ‫ثب‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬
positive
ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
negative
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ،‫ا‬َ‫ل‬
The sentence in ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ can be either
1. ُ‫ت‬َ‫ثب‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ (positive) or
2. ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ (negative) . The negative sentence
has particles like ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ،‫ا‬َ‫ل‬
Requires
emphasis
No
emphasis
requiredُ‫ت‬َ‫ثب‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬
positive
negative
Requires
emphasis
No
emphasis
required
ُ‫ت‬َ‫ثب‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬
positive
negative
Requires
emphasis
No
emphasis
required

‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬Instruments of Emphasis in ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ when it is ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
positive
Requires
emphasis
ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ثـب‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬When ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ is ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ثـب‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬, it is emphasized using one of the following
three instruments of emphasis
Examples Instrument of Emphasis
ِ‫ين‬ِ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬.‫ـ‬َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َّ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ًّ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ًا‬‫ن‬ٓ‫ا‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ق‬ ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ـا‬
‫﴿الزخرف‬ َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ق‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬:٢‫ـ‬٣﴾
َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬
It is used in the Qur’an but less frequently
١
ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ج‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ح‬ ُّ‫ٱلض‬َ‫و‬...
‫ــ‬َ‫ل‬ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ُٔ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬َّ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ر‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫خ‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫اخ‬َٔ‫ـ‬ْ‫ل‬
ِ‫ء‬‫َا‬‫د‬ِ‫ت‬‫بـ‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬
٢
negative
ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ج‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ح‬ ُّ‫ٱلض‬َ‫و‬
َ‫و‬‫ــ‬َ‫ل‬ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ُٔ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬َّ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ر‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫خ‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫اخ‬َٔ‫ـ‬ْ‫ل‬‫﴿الضحى‬:١‫ـ‬٤﴾
ِ‫ء‬‫َا‬‫د‬ِ‫ت‬‫بـ‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬
ِ‫ر‬‫ص‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬َ‫و‬َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫نس‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫ل‬ٍ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫خ‬ ‫ى‬ِ‫ف‬‫﴿العصر‬:١‫ـ‬٢﴾
ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ش‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬...َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫س‬َ‫ل‬ٰ‫ى‬َّ‫ت‬َ‫ش‬‫﴿الليل‬:١‫ـ‬٤﴾
ِ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ِ‫ان‬َ‫ء‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ ٓ‫يس‬َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬‫﴿يس‬:١‫ـ‬٣﴾
َ‫ن‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ة‬َّ‫ز‬ِ‫ع‬‫ــ‬ِ‫ب‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َ‫و‬َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫غ‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ن‬‫﴿الشعراء‬:٤٤﴾
َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ُ‫ة‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬‫ح‬َ‫ز‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬َ‫و‬
They are used most frequently in the
Qur’an for ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬. The combination of
َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ُ‫ة‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬‫ح‬َ‫ز‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬َ‫و‬ brings greater and
stronger emphasis than either 1 or 2,
above, used by itself
٣
َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫ط‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ ٓ‫ن‬
ٍ‫ون‬ُ‫ن‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ك‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ن‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫نت‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫﴿القلم‬:١‫ـ‬٢﴾
ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ف‬‫ـنـ‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬When ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ is a ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ف‬‫ـنـ‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬,
no emphasis is required
No
emphasis
required

‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬Instruments of Emphasis in ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ when it is ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
positive
negative
Requires No
ٌ‫ـت‬َ‫ثـب‬ُ‫م‬ ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬
When ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ is ٌ‫ـت‬َ‫ثـب‬ُ‫م‬ ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬, it is emphasized
using ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬
Examples Instrument of
Emphasis
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫س‬ ِ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ط‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ون‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َّ‫ز‬‫ٱل‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ين‬ِّ‫ت‬‫ٱل‬َ‫و‬...
ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬ٍ‫م‬‫ِي‬‫و‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ ِ‫ن‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ى‬ِ‫ف‬ َ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫نس‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬‫﴿التين‬:١‫ـ‬٤﴾
ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬:ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ِ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
‫د‬َ‫ق‬:ٍ‫يق‬ِ‫ق‬‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬
Please remember when a sentence commences with ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬, it means
ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬
Requires
emphasis
No
emphasis
positive
negative
Requires
emphasis
No
emphasis
required
positive
negative
Requires
emphasis
No
emphasis
required
ٍ‫يق‬ِ‫ق‬‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬
that it is ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ and ُ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ is latent (present but invisible). Here
are some examples from the Qur’an:
َ‫و‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ح‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ق‬َٔ‫ا‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬َ‫و‬ ۖ ‫ۥ‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫س‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ن‬ ‫ۦ‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫ِس‬‫و‬ْ‫س‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫نس‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬
‫﴿ق‬ ِ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ر‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬:١٦﴾
ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫اخ‬َٔ‫ـ‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫م‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ج‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ك‬ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ن‬َ‫س‬َ‫ح‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫و‬ْ‫س‬ُٔ‫ا‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ ِ‫ول‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ِ‫ف‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ك‬
‫حزاب‬ٔ‫ا‬‫﴿ال‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ َ‫َر‬‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫و‬:٢١﴾
In such cases, i.e. when qasam is latent, we will analyze ‫َد‬‫ق‬َ‫ل‬ as
‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬:ٍ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ ٍ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬ِ‫ل‬ ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬
‫د‬َ‫ق‬:ٍ‫يق‬ِ‫ق‬‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬
ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ج‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ح‬ ُّ‫ٱلض‬َ‫و‬
ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ك‬ُّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫ع‬َّ‫د‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫﴿الضحى‬:١‫ـ‬٣﴾
ٰ‫ى‬َ‫و‬َ‫غ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫اح‬ َ‫ص‬ َّ‫ل‬ َ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫و‬َ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ِ‫م‬ْ‫ج‬َّ‫ن‬‫ٱل‬َ‫و‬‫﴿النجم‬:١‫ـ‬٢﴾
ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ٌّ‫ـي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ـنـ‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬When ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ is ٌّ‫ـي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ـنـ‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬, no emphasis is required

‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬Instruments of Emphasis in ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ when it is ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
positive
negative
Requires No
ٌ‫ـت‬َ‫ثـب‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬When ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ is ٌ‫ـت‬َ‫ثـب‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬, it is emphasized using one of the
following instruments of emphasis
Examples Instrument of Emphasis
ِ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ــٱل‬َ‫ت‬َ‫و‬‫ــ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬َٔ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫ص‬َٔ‫ا‬...
‫نبياء‬ٔ‫ا‬‫﴿ال‬:٥٧﴾
َ‫ك‬ِ‫ت‬َّ‫ز‬ِ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ف‬ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬‫ــ‬َ‫ل‬‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫و‬ْ‫غ‬ُٔ‫ا‬‫ــ‬َّ‫ن‬‫ـ‬‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ج‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ص‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ُ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ع‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬+‫ِع‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ‫عل‬ِ‫ف‬+َّ‫ن‬
The lâm is prefixed to a present tense verb and the nûn is
suffixed to it. These two instruments of emphasis are used
together when:
1.The present tense verb denotes futurity and
2.The lâm is not separated from the verb
Requires
emphasis
No
emphasis
positive
negative
Requires
emphasis
No
emphasis
required
positive
Requires
emphasis
َ‫ك‬ِ‫ت‬َّ‫ز‬ِ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ف‬ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫و‬ْ‫غ‬ُٔ‫ا‬‫ــ‬َّ‫ن‬‫ـ‬‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ج‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ص‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ُ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ع‬
‫﴿ص‬:٨٢‫ـ‬٨٣﴾
2.The lâm is not separated from the verb
This lâm is called ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِّ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬ (the lâm of receiving the
qasam) and the nûn is called ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬َ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ِ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬‫و‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ن‬‫ُو‬‫ن‬
١(ِ‫ه‬‫الل‬َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬ً‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫ك‬ُّ‫ب‬ِ‫ح‬ُٔ‫ا‬.
٢(ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ج‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ح‬ ُّ‫ٱلض‬َ‫و‬...
َ‫و‬َ‫ل‬ٰٓ‫ى‬ َ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ َ‫ك‬ُّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫يك‬ِ‫ط‬ْ‫ع‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫ف‬ْ‫و‬َ‫س‬
‫﴿الضحى‬:١‫ـ‬٥﴾
‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬+‫ِع‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ‫عل‬ِ‫ف‬
Only the lâm ( ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِّ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬ ), prefixed to a present tense
verb, is used for emphasis when:
1.Either the present tense verb does not denote futurity or
2.The lâm is separated from the verb
In both of these cases ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬َّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ن‬‫و‬ُّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ is not used.
‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ِع‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ‫عل‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ــ‬َ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ــ‬َ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ج‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫م‬َ‫و‬ َ‫نك‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ج‬
Please remember if the mode of expression, ‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬+‫ِع‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ‫عل‬ِ‫ف‬+َّ‫ن‬ e.g. ‫ــ‬َ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ , appears alone
then for sure it is ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ and the ‫م‬َ‫س‬َ‫ق‬is latent (present but invisible).
Here is an example from the Qur’an: ‫ــ‬َ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ج‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫م‬َ‫و‬ َ‫نك‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ج‬‫﴿ص‬:٨٥﴾
ۙ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫د‬ْ‫ه‬َ‫ج‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ِ‫ب‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ق‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫و‬
ُ‫وت‬ُ‫م‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ ُ‫ث‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬‫﴿النحل‬:٣٨﴾
When ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ is ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
ٌّ‫ـي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ـنـ‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬, no
emphasis is required
negative
No
emphasis
required
By Allah, I
love you a
lot

Heavy Duty Nûn
َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬
ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬‫ا‬ِ‫ن‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬‫ا‬ِ‫ن‬
ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ن‬ ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ن‬
ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬‫ا‬ِ‫ن‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬‫ا‬ِ‫ن‬
ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬
ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫ر‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬
َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬‫ا‬ِّ‫ن‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬‫ا‬ِّ‫ن‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬
َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬‫ا‬ِّ‫ن‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬‫ا‬ِّ‫ن‬
ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬ِّ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬ِّ‫ن‬‫ا‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫َا‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬‫َا‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬
ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬
ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬
ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ن‬ ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ن‬
ِ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬ ِ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬
ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ن‬
ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َٔ‫ا‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ن‬
َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬‫ا‬ِّ‫ن‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬‫ا‬ِّ‫ن‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬
َّ‫ن‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬
َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬‫ا‬ِّ‫ن‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬‫ا‬ِّ‫ن‬
ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ِّ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ِّ‫ن‬‫ا‬
ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬ِّ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ن‬ِّ‫ن‬‫ا‬
َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬
َّ‫ن‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬
ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ن‬ِّ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ن‬ِّ‫ن‬‫ا‬
َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َٔ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َٔ‫ا‬
َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ن‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ذ‬َ‫ن‬

ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ت‬‫ج‬ِ‫ا‬ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ت‬‫ج‬ِ‫ا‬
ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ت‬‫ج‬ِ‫ا‬ِ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ت‬‫ج‬ِ‫ا‬ (combining the qasam with the shart) is another important grammatical element of the qasam.
َ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫غ‬ُّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫ر‬‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫دت‬َ‫ر‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌّ‫د‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ِّي‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫غ‬ُّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫ر‬‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫دت‬َ‫ر‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ــ‬َ‫ف‬ٌّ‫د‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ِّي‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ُ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬
‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ِ‫ه‬‫الل‬َ‫و‬ٌّ‫د‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ِّي‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫غ‬ُّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫ر‬‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫دت‬َ‫ر‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ِ‫ه‬‫الل‬َ‫و‬ٌّ‫د‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ِّي‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫غ‬ُّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫ر‬‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫دت‬َ‫ر‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ٌّ‫د‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ِّي‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫غ‬ُّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫ر‬‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫دت‬َ‫ر‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ٌّ‫د‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ِّي‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫غ‬ُّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫ر‬‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫دت‬َ‫ر‬َٔ‫ا‬
ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِّ‫ط‬َ‫و‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬This lâm is called ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ or ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِّ‫ط‬َ‫و‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ - “The lâm that paves the way for the qasam”.
Now let us join the ‫م‬َ‫س‬َ‫ق‬ to this sentence by adding ِ‫ه‬‫الل‬َ‫و‬
However, ِ‫ه‬‫الل‬َ‫و‬ is not commonly used. Instead ‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ (the letter lâm)
is used and it denotes ‫م‬َ‫س‬َ‫ق‬. Together ‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ and ْ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ are written as ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬
This lâm is called ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ or ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِّ‫ط‬َ‫و‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ - “The lâm that paves the way for the qasam”.
It is not qasam itself, but it is an indication of the qasam.
Verb Type/Form Meaning
ُٔ‫ا‬‫ـ‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ـئ‬ِ‫ط‬َ‫و‬ ‫ِي‬‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬‫ال‬ ‫ال‬َ‫ث‬ِ‫م‬‫ال‬ To trample under the foot
ِ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ،ُ‫ئ‬ِّ‫ط‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ي‬ َٔ‫ا‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ط‬‫و‬:ٌ‫ـئ‬ِّ‫ط‬َ‫و‬‫ـ‬ُ‫م‬ Form II To trample continuously (intensive action ‫ة‬َ‫غ‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬); walking on ground so that a
walkable path is paved. The masdar ‫ـة‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِ‫وط‬َ‫ت‬ has come to mean “introduction”.
ِ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ،ُ‫ئ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫ي‬ َٔ‫ا‬‫ـ‬َ‫ط‬‫و‬َٔ‫ا‬:ٌ‫ـئ‬ِ‫ط‬ْ‫و‬‫ـ‬ُ‫م‬ Form IV Same meaning as in Form II
‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬
When the qasam is introduced to the shart sentence, the jawab should conform to the qasam and not to the
shart. Now the ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ will become ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ . Hence the ‫ـ‬َ‫ف‬ that was in the ‫رط‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ will no longer be there
in the ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ .

ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬Examples of ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ in ‫ِيم‬‫ر‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ‫ٓن‬‫ا‬‫ُر‬‫ق‬‫ال‬
ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ثـب‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬When ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ is ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ثـب‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ - “The lâm that paves the way for the qasam”.
It is not qasam itself, but it is an indication of the qasam. So wherever ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ is used , as in ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬, it means
there is an implicit qasam there.
If the statement is from anyone other than Allah, e.g. from the believers, the qasam can be estimated to be: ِ‫ه‬‫الل‬َ‫و‬
If the statement is from Allah, the qasam can be estimated to be: ‫ـي‬ِ‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ج‬َ‫و‬ ‫ـي‬ِ‫ت‬َّ‫ز‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ع‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫م‬ ِ‫قس‬ُٔ‫ا‬
ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬
ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ئ‬‫ـ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ is used more than 60 times in the Qur’an. Following are some examples of this lâm in the
Qur’an, grouped by the type of ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬
‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ثـب‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬When ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ is ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ثـب‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ ِ‫س‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ًۭ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ب‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ع‬ُ‫ش‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫َّب‬‫ت‬‫ٱ‬ ‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ ِ‫س‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ًۭ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ب‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ع‬ُ‫ش‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫َّب‬‫ت‬‫ٱ‬‫عراف‬ٔ‫ا‬‫﴿ال‬:٩٠﴾
‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬:ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ئ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬
ْ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬:ِ‫ين‬َ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫ت‬ ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ٍ‫رط‬َ‫ش‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ن‬ َّ‫م‬ُ‫ث‬ ًۭ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫نس‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ذ‬َٔ‫ا‬
ٌۭ‫ر‬‫ُو‬‫ف‬َ‫ك‬ ٌۭ‫وس‬ُٔ‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ن‬ َّ‫م‬ُ‫ث‬ ًۭ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫نس‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ذ‬َٔ‫ا‬
ٌۭ‫ر‬‫ُو‬‫ف‬َ‫ك‬ ٌۭ‫وس‬ُٔ‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫﴿هود‬:٩﴾
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ ِ‫س‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ًۭ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ ْ‫ص‬ُ‫ع‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ئ‬ِّ‫ذ‬‫ٱل‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َٔ‫ا‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ ِ‫س‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ًۭ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ ْ‫ص‬ُ‫ع‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ئ‬ِّ‫ذ‬‫ٱل‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫﴿يوسف‬:١٤﴾
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ح‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫د‬‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬ ‫ى‬ِ‫ل‬ َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ى‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ج‬ُّ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ح‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫د‬‫ن‬ِ‫ع‬ ‫ى‬ِ‫ل‬ َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ى‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ج‬ُّ‫ر‬
‫﴿فصلت‬:٥٠﴾
‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ْ‫م‬ُّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ْ‫و‬َٔ‫ا‬ ِ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ ِ‫يل‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ِ‫ف‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬ُ‫ق‬ َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ْ‫م‬ُّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ْ‫و‬َٔ‫ا‬ ِ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ ِ‫يل‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ِ‫ف‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬ُ‫ق‬
َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ِّ‫م‬ ٌۭ‫ر‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫خ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ر‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ َ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ٌۭ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫م‬َ‫ل‬
‫عمران‬‫ٓل‬‫ا‬﴿:١٥٧﴾ َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ِين‬‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ٰ‫ـ‬ َّ‫لص‬ِّ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ر‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫خ‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬ َ‫ص‬‫﴿النحل‬:١٢٦﴾
َ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬‫و‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ُ‫ت‬ ٍ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ذ‬ٕ‫ا‬:َ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬‫و‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ُ‫ت‬ ٍ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬
‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬

‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬When ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ is ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ٓ‫ۦ‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ ۢ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ٍ‫د‬َ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ك‬َ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬ َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ٓ‫ۦ‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ ۢ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ٍ‫د‬َ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ك‬َ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬‫﴿فاطر‬:٤١﴾
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ي‬‫ا‬َ‫ء‬ ِّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ب‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ت‬‫و‬ُٔ‫ا‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ت‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ي‬‫ا‬َ‫ء‬ ِّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ب‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ت‬‫و‬ُٔ‫ا‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ت‬َٔ‫ا‬
ۚ َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ق‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫م‬...
‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬When ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ is ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
ِ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫ء‬ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ٓء‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ه‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫َّب‬‫ت‬‫ٱ‬
ٍ‫اق‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ٍّۢ‫ى‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫ء‬ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ٓء‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ه‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫َّب‬‫ت‬‫ٱ‬
ٍ‫اق‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ٍّۢ‫ى‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫﴿الرعد‬:٣٧﴾
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ي‬‫ا‬َ‫ء‬ ِّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ب‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ت‬‫و‬ُٔ‫ا‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ت‬َٔ‫ا‬
ۚ َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ق‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫م‬
ۚ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ق‬ ٍ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫نت‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬
ۚ ٍ‫ض‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ق‬ ٍ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ُ‫ض‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬
‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬:ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬:ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬:ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬:ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬:ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬:ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
، ِ‫يث‬ِ‫ن‬ْٔ‫ا‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫َاء‬‫ت‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ٍ‫فع‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ين‬َ‫ن‬‫ثـ‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬ُ‫رض‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ٰت‬‫و‬ٰ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬
to go off course, to deviate ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ز‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬:
Note that this verb is ّ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ت‬, while ُ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬ is ‫ص‬ِ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ن‬ i.e. it is sister of َ‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ك‬
ْ‫ت‬:، ِ‫يث‬ِ‫ن‬ْٔ‫ا‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫َاء‬‫ت‬‫ا‬:ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ٍ‫فع‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ين‬َ‫ن‬‫ثـ‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬)ُ‫رض‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ٰت‬‫و‬ٰ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬(
ْ‫ن‬ٕ‫ا‬:ُ‫ة‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫ِن‬ٕ‫ا‬ ْ‫و‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٍ‫ـي‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ن‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬=ُ‫ة‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬
ۚ َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ق‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫م‬
َ‫و‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ي‬‫ا‬َ‫ء‬ ِّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ب‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ت‬‫و‬ُٔ‫ا‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ت‬َٔ‫ا‬
ۚ َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ق‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫م‬...‫﴿البقرة‬:١٤٥﴾
‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬When ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ is ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬ِ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ث‬ِ‫م‬ِ‫ب‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ت‬ْٔ‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٰٓ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُّ‫ن‬ ِ‫ج‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫نس‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ِ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ٱج‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ث‬ِ‫م‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ت‬ْٔ‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫ان‬َ‫ء‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ه‬
‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬ِ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ث‬ِ‫م‬ِ‫ب‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ت‬ْٔ‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٰٓ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُّ‫ن‬ ِ‫ج‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫نس‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ِ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ٱج‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ث‬ِ‫م‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ت‬ْٔ‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫ان‬َ‫ء‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ه‬‫سراء‬ ٕ‫﴿الا‬:٨٨﴾
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ج‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ِج‬‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ُٔ‫ا‬
َ‫و‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬‫و‬ُ‫ق‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ج‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ِج‬‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ُٔ‫ا‬
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬‫و‬ُ‫ق‬‫﴿الحشر‬:١٢﴾
ۚ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ق‬ ٍ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫نت‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬
ۚ ٍ‫ض‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ق‬ ٍ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ُ‫ض‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ۙ ِ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫ء‬ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ ۢ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ٓء‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ه‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫َّب‬‫ت‬‫ٱ‬
‫ـ‬َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ا‬ً‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ك‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ٰ‫ـ‬َّ‫ظ‬‫ٱل‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
‫﴿البقرة‬:١٤٥﴾
‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬:ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬:ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬:ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ثـب‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬:ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬َ‫ثـب‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬
Note, if the sentence is negative, there is no need
for emphasis in the ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬
‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬:ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬:ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬

‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫ت‬َ‫ثب‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬When ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ is ٌ‫ت‬َ‫ثب‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ (Its use in the Qur’an is prolific)
‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ج‬ْ‫ر‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬ ‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ج‬ْ‫ر‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬‫﴿مريم‬:٤٦﴾
‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫وط‬ُ‫ل‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬ ِ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫وط‬ُ‫ل‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬ ِ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬
‫﴿الشعراء‬:١٦٧﴾
‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ۖ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ش‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ن‬َّ‫ذ‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ۖ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ش‬
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ى‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ع‬ َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ك‬‫﴿ابراهيم‬:٧﴾
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ‫ًا‬‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ء‬ ٓ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ْ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬
َ‫ِين‬‫ر‬ِ‫غ‬ٰ‫ـ‬ َّ‫ٱلص‬
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ‫ًا‬‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ء‬ ٓ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ْ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬
َ‫ِين‬‫ر‬ِ‫غ‬ٰ‫ـ‬ َّ‫ٱلص‬‫﴿يوسف‬:٣٢﴾
‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ج‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ج‬ َّ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ج‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ج‬ َّ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬
‫عراف‬ٔ‫ا‬‫﴿ال‬:١٨﴾
ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ئ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬
ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ين‬َ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫ت‬ ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ٍ‫رط‬َ‫ش‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬:ِ‫م‬َ‫َس‬‫ق‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ئ‬ِ‫وط‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫َّا‬‫ل‬‫ال‬
ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬:ِ‫ين‬َ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ج‬َ‫ت‬ ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ٍ‫رط‬َ‫ش‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫الخ‬ ُ‫ن‬‫و‬ُّ‫ن‬‫ال‬
‫ًا‬‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫َن‬‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬
This last nûn is ُ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫الخ‬ ُ‫ن‬‫و‬ُّ‫ن‬‫ال‬
( ‫ًا‬‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬=ْ‫َن‬‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ )
َ‫و‬ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ى‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ع‬ َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ك‬
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ُ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ل‬‫ُو‬‫ق‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ْ‫ن‬َّ‫م‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫س‬ َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ُ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ل‬‫ُو‬‫ق‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ْ‫ن‬َّ‫م‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫س‬‫﴿الزخرف‬:٨٧﴾
َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ق‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ى‬ ِ‫وح‬ُٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ق‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ى‬ ِ‫وح‬ُٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬
‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ِين‬‫ر‬ ِ‫س‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ك‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ط‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ش‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫﴿الزمر‬:٦٥﴾
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫ش‬ْ‫ح‬ُ‫ت‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬ُ‫ق‬ ْ‫و‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُّ‫ت‬ُّ‫م‬ َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫ش‬ْ‫ح‬ُ‫ت‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬ُ‫ق‬ ْ‫و‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُّ‫ت‬ُّ‫م‬‫عمران‬ ‫ٓل‬‫ا‬﴿:١٥٨﴾
‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ُس‬‫ف‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ظ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬
َّ‫ن‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ِين‬‫ر‬ ِ‫س‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ُس‬‫ف‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ظ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬
َّ‫ن‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ِين‬‫ر‬ ِ‫س‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬‫عراف‬ٔ‫ا‬‫﴿ال‬:٢٣﴾
َ‫ف‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ق‬‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ش‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ع‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫َر‬‫ف‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ ۟‫ا‬‫ُو‬‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ك‬ ‫ى‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬
َ‫ف‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ق‬‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ش‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ع‬ ۟‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫َر‬‫ف‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ْ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ ۟‫ا‬‫ُو‬‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ك‬ ‫ى‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬‫﴿فصلت‬:٢٧﴾
Please ponder over the following examples. Identify the
qasam and the jawab-ul-qasam.
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ِ‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ ۢ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ن‬‫ُو‬‫ث‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ب‬َّ‫م‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬
ٌ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ُّ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬ْ‫ح‬ِ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ه‬ ْ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ۟‫ا‬ٓ‫و‬ُ‫َر‬‫ف‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬‫ُو‬‫ق‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬
َ‫و‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ِ‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ ۢ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ن‬‫ُو‬‫ث‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ب‬َّ‫م‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬
ٌ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ُّ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬ْ‫ح‬ِ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ه‬ ْ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ۟‫ا‬ٓ‫و‬ُ‫َر‬‫ف‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬‫ُو‬‫ق‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬‫﴿هود‬:٧﴾
www.tanzil.net is an excellent search engine for the Qur’an,
where you can search using Arabic text. For example, if you were
to type ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ل‬ you will find 61 places in the Qur’an where it is used.

Pronouns Summary
ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ُص‬‫ف‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ُص‬‫ف‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬
ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ُص‬‫ف‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ُص‬‫ف‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬
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‫ا‬‫ا‬
ْ‫و‬ْ‫و‬
[][]
‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ن‬‫ن‬
[][]
‫ا‬ِ‫ان‬ِ‫ن‬
ْ‫و‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ن‬
[][]
َ‫ن‬َ‫ن‬
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬
Only the letters highlighted
in red represent the ‫ير‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬
Please note a further
breakdown is often done at
advanced levels, but is not
shown here for brevity. For
example, in ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ only ُ‫ت‬ is the
‫ير‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬, and ‫م‬ is the sign of
plural. For simplicity,
however, we will consider ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬
َ‫ك‬َ‫ك‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬
‫ُم‬‫ك‬‫ُم‬‫ك‬
ِ‫ك‬ِ‫ك‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬
‫ي‬‫ي‬
‫َا‬‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ن‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
َ‫اك‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫اك‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
‫ُم‬‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ُم‬‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
ِ‫اك‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬ِ‫اك‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
َ‫اي‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫اي‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
‫َا‬‫ن‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫َا‬‫ن‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬
َ‫ك‬َ‫ك‬
‫ُم‬‫ك‬‫ُم‬‫ك‬
ِ‫ك‬ِ‫ك‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬
‫ي‬‫ي‬
‫ن‬‫ن‬
َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ت‬
ْ‫م‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ت‬
ِ‫ت‬ِ‫ت‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬
َّ‫ن‬‫ــ‬ُ‫ت‬َّ‫ن‬‫ــ‬ُ‫ت‬
ُ‫ت‬ُ‫ت‬
[][]
ْ‫و‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ن‬
‫ـيـ‬َ‫ـيـن‬َ‫ن‬
[][]
[][]
however, we will consider ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬
as ‫ير‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ for now.
ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬[ ] = ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬

ُ‫اء‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬ِ‫ت‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬The Exception – ُ‫اء‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬ِ‫ت‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬
‫ًا‬‫د‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ ُ‫اب‬َّ‫ل‬ُّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ َ‫ح‬َ‫َج‬‫ن‬‫ًا‬‫د‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ ُ‫اب‬َّ‫ل‬ُّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ َ‫ح‬َ‫َج‬‫ن‬
ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ِ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬ِ‫ت‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬
All the students have
passed except Hamid
The
excepted
The tool of
exception
The one from which the
exception is made
‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬is a particle used as an instrument of exception. There are
many other instruments of exception, including the following
ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬
‫ى‬َ‫و‬ِ‫س‬‫ى‬َ‫و‬ِ‫س‬
‫َا‬‫د‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫د‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬
‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬
many other instruments of exception, including the following
important ones.
ِ‫ان‬َ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ِ‫ان‬َ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
ِ‫َان‬‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ِ‫َان‬‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬

ِ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬ِ‫ت‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬Types of Exception – ِ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬ِ‫ت‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
َ‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫الي‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ َ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِّ‫ب‬ُ‫ر‬‫و‬ُٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ َ‫د‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬‫ال‬ ُ‫رت‬ُ‫ز‬‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ت‬‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ي‬ ُّ‫الض‬ َ‫ل‬ َ‫ص‬َ‫و‬
‫ًا‬‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ ُ‫َّاب‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬
All the students came except Hamid
ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬is
mentioned
mentioned
‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ is of the‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ is of the
not mentioned
not mentioned
‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ is of a‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ is of a
ٌ‫غ‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫غ‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ٌّ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬
No one came except Hamid
ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫َط‬‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫َط‬‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫الي‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ َ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِّ‫ب‬ُ‫ر‬‫و‬ُٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ َ‫د‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬‫ال‬ ُ‫رت‬ُ‫ز‬‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ت‬‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ي‬ ُّ‫الض‬ َ‫ل‬ َ‫ص‬َ‫و‬
I have visited all European countries,
except Greece
The guests have arrived
except their luggage
َ‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ذ‬ِ‫اف‬َ‫و‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬‫ف‬ِ‫ا‬ُ‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ل‬‫س‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫د‬َ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ ُ‫ب‬ُ‫رس‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ل‬َ‫ه‬
Open the windows except
the last one
Does anyone fail except the
lazy?
The sentence
is an
affirmative
sentence
The sentence
is an
affirmative
sentence
The sentence is a
negative, prohibitive
or interrogative
sentence
The sentence is a
or interrogative
sentence
‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ is of the
same kind as
ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬
same kind as
‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ is of a
different kind
than ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬
different kind
ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫َط‬‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫َط‬‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ٍ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬ٍ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬

‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫عر‬ِٕ‫ا‬Declension of Exception with illa – ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫عر‬ِٕ‫ا‬
mentioned
mentioned
same kind as
same kind as
not mentioned
not mentioned
different kind
different kind
When ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ is used as the instrument of exception, the declension of ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ depends on
the type of exception, as shown below
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫َط‬‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫َط‬‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬
The sentence
is an
affirmative
sentence
The sentence
is an
affirmative
sentence
The sentence is a
or interrogative
sentence
The sentence is a
or interrogative
sentence
same kind as
same kind as
different kind
different kind
ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫م‬
ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬Same as ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬
OR
As required by the
sentence, as if ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬
is not mentioned
Declension
of ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬
with ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬
Declension
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫َط‬‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ٍ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬ٍ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬

‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ث‬‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬Examples for illa – ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ث‬‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬
mentioned
mentioned
same kind as
same kind as
not mentioned
different kind
ٌ‫غ‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬ ٌّ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫َط‬‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ك‬‫ر‬ِّ‫الش‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ َ‫ُوب‬‫ن‬ُّ‫ذ‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫غ‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ك‬‫ر‬ِّ‫الش‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ َ‫ُوب‬‫ن‬ُّ‫ذ‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫غ‬َ‫ي‬Allah forgives all
sins except shirk
‫ُوب‬‫ن‬ُّ‫ذ‬‫ال‬, which is ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬, is mentioned
‫رك‬ ِ‫ش‬ is a kind of ‫نب‬َ‫ذ‬
The sentence
is an
affirmative
sentence
The sentence
is an
affirmative
sentence
The sentence is a
or interrogative
sentence
same kind as
same kind as
different kind
Same as ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬
OR
As required by the
is not mentioned
Declension
Declension
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ٍ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬
The sentence is an
affirmative sentence

mentioned
mentioned
same kind as
same kind as
not mentioned
different kind
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫َط‬‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬
No students were
present except
Hamid
ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬ // ‫ًا‬‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫اب‬َّ‫ل‬ُّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ َ‫ر‬ َ‫ض‬َ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ًا‬‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫اب‬َّ‫ل‬ُّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ َ‫ر‬ َ‫ض‬َ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬
ُ‫َّاب‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ط‬‫ال‬, which is ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬, is mentioned
‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬ is a student
‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬ ‫َّاب‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ط‬‫ال‬Declension of ‫د‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ح‬ is the same as ‫َّاب‬‫ل‬ُّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ OROR
The sentence
is an
affirmative
sentence
The sentence is a
or interrogative
sentence
The sentence is a
or interrogative
sentence
same kind as
same kind as
different kind
ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬Same as ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬
OR
As required by the
is not mentioned
Declension
Declension
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ٍ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬ٍ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬
The sentence is a negative sentence

mentioned
mentioned
same kind as
not mentioned
different kind
different kind
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫َط‬‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫َط‬‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬
ٍ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬, which is ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬, is mentioned
َ‫وت‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اء‬َ‫و‬َ‫د‬ ٍ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬ ِّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫وت‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اء‬َ‫و‬َ‫د‬ ٍ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬ ِّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬Every sickness has a
medicine except death
Death is
not a
sickness
The sentence
is an
affirmative
sentence
The sentence is a
or interrogative
sentence
same kind as
different kind
different kind
OR
As required by the
is not mentioned
Declension
Declension
ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫َط‬‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ٍ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬

mentioned
same kind as
not mentioned
not mentioned
different kind
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫َط‬‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬
ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬is not mentioned
ٌ‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬No one failed except Bilal
To get the correct declension for
‫ى‬َ‫ن‬‫ث‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬in the case of ٌ‫غ‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬, remove ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬
from the sentence. )ٌ‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬( In
this case, ٌ‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬is ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬‫ال‬so it is ‫وع‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬. Of
course, removing ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬will make the
meaning opposite of what the original
sentence means. This is done only to
establish the declension.
The sentence
is an
affirmative
sentence
The sentence is a
or interrogative
sentence
same kind as
different kind
OR
As required by the
is not mentioned
Declension
Declension
ٌ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ٍ‫ب‬َ‫وج‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ير‬َ‫غ‬

ِ‫رف‬ َّ‫الص‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬‫م‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬The Diptote – ِ‫رف‬ َّ‫الص‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬‫م‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
Diptote is a ‫ب‬َ‫عر‬ُ‫م‬ noun, which:
1. Does not accept the tanwîn, and
2. Does not decline fully, i.e. it takes fathah instead of kasrah when it is majrûr
Reasons for a noun being diptote
For one reason
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ِ‫يث‬ِ‫ن‬ْٔ‫ا‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬1. Nouns which end in ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ِ‫يث‬ِ‫ن‬ْٔ‫ا‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬:
This alif is either written as a dot-less yâ (‫ى‬) or a long alif (‫ا‬). In both cases, the pronunciation is Aa. While ‫ى‬is
used most often as in: ‫ـى‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ق‬ ،‫ى‬ َ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬, if it is preceded by a proper yâ (‫ي‬with two dots), then it changes to a long
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ي‬‫َا‬‫د‬َ‫ه‬ ،‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫د‬
A ‫ب‬َ‫عر‬ُ‫م‬ noun is one that declines, i.e. dhun, dhan, dhin. It is a noun
that changes the final vowel to indicate its function in the sentence.
For two reasons (see next page)
‫ـى‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ق‬ ،‫ى‬ َ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬
alif ( ‫ا‬) as in ‫ا‬َ‫ي‬‫َا‬‫د‬َ‫ه‬ ،‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫د‬
2. Nouns which end in ُ‫ة‬َ‫د‬‫ُو‬‫د‬ْ‫م‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ِ‫يث‬ِ‫ن‬ْٔ‫ا‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬:
Alif followed by hamza (‫اء‬). ُ‫اء‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ح‬ َ‫ص‬ ،ُ‫اء‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ح‬
ُ‫اء‬َّ‫ب‬ِ‫ط‬َٔ‫ا‬ ،ُ‫اء‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫و‬ْ‫ق‬َٔ‫ا‬ ،ُ‫اء‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫غ‬َٔ‫ا‬ ،ُ‫اء‬َ‫ق‬ِ‫د‬ ْ‫ص‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ع‬ ،ُ‫َاء‬‫ل‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ز‬ ،ُ‫اء‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ز‬ُ‫و‬ ،ُ‫اء‬َ‫َر‬‫ق‬ُ‫ف‬
3. Nouns on the patterns of ُ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬ and ُ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬.
These are called ِ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬/‫ـي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬‫ـ‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫الج‬ (The ultimate plural).
ُ‫ق‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َ‫د‬ ،ُ‫ق‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ف‬ ،ُ‫ر‬ِ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬ ، ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ،ُ‫ِس‬‫ر‬‫َا‬‫د‬َ‫م‬ ،ُ‫د‬ِ‫اج‬َ‫س‬َ‫م‬
ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫اس‬َ‫َر‬‫ك‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫اج‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ف‬ ،ُ‫ع‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬َٔ‫ا‬ ،ُ‫يح‬ِ‫ت‬‫َا‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬ ،ُ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫م‬)ُ‫ي‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫اس‬َ‫َر‬‫ك‬(
Please note if the hamza is the third radical and is not extra,
then the word is not diptote. Refer to Book 3 Key, Lesson 34
for more details and examples.

Reasons for a noun being diptote
For one reason (see previous page)
For two reasons
1. Feminine Proper Nouns - ٌ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬:
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ـي‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ،ُ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ط‬ ،ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ُٔ‫ا‬ ،ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ ،ُ‫م‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ، ُ‫ب‬َ‫ن‬‫ي‬َ‫ز‬ ،ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫ف‬ ،ُ‫ة‬َ‫يج‬ِ‫د‬َ‫خ‬ ،ُ‫ة‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫ٓم‬‫ا‬
2. Foreign Proper Nouns - ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ع‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬:
ُ‫ن‬َ‫د‬ْ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ ،ُ‫د‬‫َا‬‫د‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ب‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ ،ُ‫م‬َ‫ـي‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫و‬ ،‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬ ،ُ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ِس‬ٕ‫ا‬ ، ُ‫ُوب‬‫ق‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ ،ُ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ـر‬ْ‫ب‬ِٕ‫ا‬
3. Altered (modified) Proper Nouns - ٌ‫ل‬‫ُو‬‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬:
ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬Proper Nouns - ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬
1. Adjectives on the patterns of ُ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َٔ‫ا‬:
ُ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ ،ُ‫ر‬َ‫غ‬ ْ‫ص‬َٔ‫ا‬ ،ُ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ج‬َٔ‫ا‬ ،ُ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ك‬َٔ‫ا‬ ،ُ‫ن‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬
2. Adjectives on the patterns of ُ‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬:
ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ش‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ْ‫َس‬‫ك‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ع‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ ْ‫ض‬َ‫غ‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ج‬
3. Altered form of adjective - ٌ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ُو‬‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ص‬:
ُ‫صف‬َ‫و‬‫ال‬Adjectives - ُ‫صف‬َ‫و‬‫ال‬
ُ‫وت‬َ‫م‬َ‫ر‬ ْ‫ض‬َ‫ح‬ ، ُ‫ِب‬‫ر‬َ‫ك‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬
ُ‫ن‬َ‫د‬ْ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬ ،ُ‫د‬‫َا‬‫د‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ب‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ ،ُ‫م‬َ‫ـي‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫و‬ ،‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬ ،ُ‫ل‬‫ي‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ِس‬ٕ‫ا‬ ، ُ‫ُوب‬‫ق‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ ،ُ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ـر‬ْ‫ب‬ِٕ‫ا‬
3. Altered (modified) Proper Nouns - ٌ‫ل‬‫ُو‬‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬:
These are on the pattern of ُ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ُ‫ف‬. The verb َ‫ل‬َ‫د‬َ‫ع‬ means to do
justice, to put things in proper place, to change or alter.
‫ُول‬‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ means something which is changed or altered. The name
ُ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ع‬ is the altered form of ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ام‬َ‫ع‬ (a triptote), which is the ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
of َ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ (to flourish/thrive/prosper, live long)
4. Proper nouns ending with extra ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬:
ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬ُ‫ن‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫َّا‬‫ف‬َ‫ع‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫س‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ث‬ُ‫ع‬
5. Proper nouns resembling verbs:
ُ‫د‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ like ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬‫ذ‬َٔ‫ا‬ , ُ‫د‬‫ِي‬‫ز‬‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬ like ُ‫ع‬‫ـي‬ِ‫ب‬‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬
6. Compound Proper Nouns – ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫ج‬ْ‫ز‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫َّب‬‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬:
ُ‫وت‬َ‫م‬َ‫ر‬ ْ‫ض‬َ‫ح‬ ، ُ‫ِب‬‫ر‬َ‫ك‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬
ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ش‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ْ‫َس‬‫ك‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ع‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ ْ‫ض‬َ‫غ‬ ،ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ج‬
3. Altered form of adjective - ٌ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ل‬‫ُو‬‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ص‬:
a) Numbers on the pattern of
ُ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ُ‫ف‬or ُ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬:
ُ‫َاث‬‫ل‬ُ‫ث‬ for ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ث‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ث‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ث‬ (three at a time)
‫ى‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ث‬َ‫م‬ for ِ‫ان‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ث‬ِ‫ا‬ ِ‫ان‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ث‬ِ‫ا‬ (two at a time)
b) The word ُ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ُٔ‫ا‬ (plural of ‫ى‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ُٔخ‬‫ا‬)

In one of the following two conditions, a diptote will become a triptote, i.e. it will decline fully:
If it is decorated with the definite article ‫الـ‬
1
2
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬‫َـ‬‫ن‬ِ‫ق‬ِ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ف‬‫ال‬
ِّ‫ب‬َ‫ـر‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫م‬ ِ‫س‬ْ‫ق‬ُٔ‫ا‬ ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ِق‬‫ر‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ش‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫و‬ِ‫ِب‬‫ر‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫غ‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫د‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬ ‫َّا‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫﴿المعارج‬:٤٠﴾
ِ‫د‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ َ‫يف‬ِ‫غ‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ِ‫ان‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫و‬َ‫الج‬
ٓ‫ى‬ِ‫ف‬ َ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫نس‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ن‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ٍ‫م‬‫ِي‬‫و‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬‫﴿التين‬:٤﴾
I stayed in these hotels
I gave the loaf to the hungry boy
ٍ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫ب‬ُ‫ت‬‫ك‬ُ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ ِ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬‫ـال‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫ب‬ُ‫ت‬‫ك‬ُ‫ا‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬
Triptote (declines fully)Diptote
If it becomes ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
ٓ‫ى‬ِ‫ف‬ َ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫نس‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬ٓ‫ى‬ِ‫ف‬ َ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫نس‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ن‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ٍ‫م‬‫ِي‬‫و‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬
‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ِ‫س‬ِ‫ر‬‫َا‬‫د‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬ َ‫َّص‬‫ت‬ِ‫ا‬ِ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ِ‫د‬ ْ‫ص‬َٔ‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬ٍ‫َال‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬
‫ـ‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫َس‬‫ك‬ ِ‫ه‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ ‫ـ‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬”ِ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬‫ال‬“-ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫َس‬‫ك‬ ِ‫ه‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫رف‬ َّ‫الص‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬ْ‫م‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ه‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ ‫ـ‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬”ٍ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬“-ِ‫رف‬ َّ‫الص‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬ْ‫م‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ه‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬
Write with a red pen Write with the red pen
I taught in the schools of Madinah
I contacted Bilal’s friends

ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ع‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬Examples of Grammatical Analysis for ُّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ع‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬
‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬Please remember the proper noun ‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬ is a non-Arabic
name and therefore it is diptote.
َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ِ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬
ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ٓخ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬
ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ِ‫ون‬ُ‫ك‬ُّ‫الس‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ٍ‫ك‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ِ‫ب‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ال‬ َ‫ِّص‬‫ت‬‫ا‬ِ‫ل‬ ‫ـ‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬
ٌ‫ير‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬ ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ـت‬
ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ير‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬ ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ـت‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ٓخ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫َص‬‫ن‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ِ‫ون‬ُ‫ك‬ُّ‫الس‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ٍ‫ك‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ِ‫ب‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ال‬ َ‫ِّص‬‫ت‬‫ا‬ِ‫ل‬ ‫ـ‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬
ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬ ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ـت‬
ِ‫ون‬ُ‫ك‬ُّ‫الس‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬.ِ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ َّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬)‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬(ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ٓخ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ه‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬
ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬ َّ‫الص‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬ْ‫م‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ِ‫ل‬
‫ى‬َ‫وس‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬

ُ‫ر‬‫و‬ ُ‫قص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬Examples of Grammatical Analysis for ُ‫ر‬‫و‬ ُ‫قص‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫الا‬
‫َى‬‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ٌ‫ر‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬ ‫َى‬‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ٌ‫ر‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬
ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ٓخ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ‫َى‬‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬
ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬
ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬‫َى‬‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬َ‫ـر‬ْ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬‫َى‬‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬َ‫ـر‬ْ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬
َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫َى‬‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ َ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ظ‬َ‫ت‬‫ن‬َ‫ي‬‫ى‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫الح‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫َى‬‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ َ‫ص‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ظ‬َ‫ت‬‫ن‬َ‫ي‬‫ى‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫الح‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ِ‫ون‬ُ‫ك‬ُّ‫الس‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ٍ‫ك‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ِ‫ب‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ِّص‬‫ت‬‫ا‬ِ‫ل‬ ‫ـ‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬
ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ـت‬
ِ‫ون‬ُ‫ك‬ُّ‫الس‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬.ِ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ َّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬)ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ِ‫ب‬(ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ٓخ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫َس‬‫ك‬ ِ‫ه‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ‫َى‬‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬
ِ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ف‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬.ِ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ َّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ـ‬َ‫ف‬
ِ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬ ،ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫ُج‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ِ‫ط‬ْ‫ب‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬
ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬‫َى‬‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬َ‫ـر‬ْ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬‫َى‬‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬َ‫ـر‬ْ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬
ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ِ‫ون‬ُ‫ك‬ُّ‫الس‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ِ‫ب‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ال‬ َ‫ِّص‬‫ت‬‫ا‬ِ‫ل‬
ٍ‫ك‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
‫ـ‬ْ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬
ٌ‫ير‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ـت‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫َص‬‫ن‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ٓخ‬‫ا‬
‫َى‬‫ف‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫َص‬‫ن‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ َ‫ـر‬ْ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬
ِ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬ ،ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫ُج‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ِ‫ط‬ْ‫ب‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬
ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ٓخ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ‫ـ‬ِ‫ق‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ َ‫ص‬
ٌ‫ير‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ون‬ُ‫ك‬ُّ‫الس‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ْ‫ي‬
ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ِّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ِ‫ب‬.َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ير‬ِ‫د‬‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ير‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ ُ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ظ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬
ِ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫ي‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ِ‫و‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ن‬‫ُو‬‫ن‬.ِ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ َّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ـ‬ِ‫ن‬
ٌ‫ير‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ب‬ ْ‫َص‬‫ن‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ون‬ُ‫ك‬ُّ‫الس‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ْ‫ي‬
ِ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬.ِ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ َّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫َس‬‫ك‬ ِ‫ه‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ع‬
ٌّ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ع‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ‫ى‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫الح‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬

‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫الج‬Examples of Grammatical Analysis for ‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ of ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫الج‬
‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ٍ‫ان‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ٍ‫ان‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬
ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ِش‬ٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬
ٌ‫ل‬َ‫د‬َ‫ب‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬
ٌّ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ج‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ش‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬”ٍ‫ان‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬“ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬
ِ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫و‬ُ‫ذ‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫الي‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ ٍ‫ان‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ِ‫ب‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬.ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫الج‬َ‫و‬”ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬ ٍ‫ان‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬“‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
‫ـ‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬”ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬“
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬
ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ُ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬ٍ‫ان‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬ ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ُ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬ٍ‫ان‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬
ٍ‫ان‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ‫ى‬ً‫ن‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬
‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫ا‬
The word ٍ‫ان‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬, which is the plural of ‫ى‬ً‫ن‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬, is on the
pattern of ُ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬ ( ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫الج‬/ِ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ – The
ultimate plural), and at the same time it is ‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ as
its 3rd radical is yâ ( ُ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬). Other examples include:
ٍ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ ،ٍ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬َ‫ن‬ ،ٍ‫ال‬َ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬. These are called the ‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ of the
‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫الج‬, and they are treated just as the
‫ُوص‬‫ق‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ in ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫ا‬.
‫ـ‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬”ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬“
ُ‫ِف‬‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬ ً‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬ ُ‫ِف‬‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬ ً‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬
ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ِّ‫م‬ َّ‫الض‬ِ‫ب‬.‫َا‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ير‬ِ‫د‬‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ير‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ ُ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ِف‬‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َٔ‫ا‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ٓخ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫َص‬‫ن‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬ َ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫َص‬‫ن‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ ً‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬
ِ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬.ِ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ َّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ـ‬ِ‫ل‬
ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ِش‬ٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬
ٌ‫ل‬َ‫د‬َ‫ب‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫َس‬‫ك‬ ِ‫ه‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬
ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ُ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬ٍ‫ان‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬ ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ُ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬ٍ‫ان‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬
ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ول‬ُ‫جه‬َ‫م‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫ٓخ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
ُ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬
ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ِش‬ٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ِ‫ل‬ِ‫َاع‬‫ف‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ئ‬‫َا‬‫ن‬ ٍ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬
ٌ‫ل‬َ‫د‬َ‫ب‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬
ِ‫ر‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ب‬َ‫م‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬.ِ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫الا‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ َّ‫ل‬َ‫ح‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬
ِ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫و‬ُ‫ذ‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ء‬‫ا‬َ‫الي‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ه‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬ َّ‫الص‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬ْ‫م‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ِ‫ل‬
ٍ‫ان‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫َس‬‫ك‬ ِ‫ه‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ث‬َ‫ك‬

Madinah-book-3-notes-v8

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