![MAGNESIUM AND ITS ALLOYS
Moiz Ullah Baig (MM-036), Saad Arif (MM-026), Haris Iqbal (MM-020) & Omar Siddiqi (MM-004)
Materials Engineering Department
INTRODUCTION
The word ‘Magnesium’ is derived from the Greek
word ‘Magnesia’. It is a white silvery metal, dis-
covered by Joseph Black in 1755 at Edinburgh,
England. It is the 6th
most abundant element on
earth and about 2.4% of earth crust contains
magnesium.
PROPERTIES
Crystal
Structure:
Hexagonal
Closed Packed
Atomic Number: 12
Atomic Mass: 24.3
Configuration: [Ne] 3s2
Group: Alkaline Earth Metal
Melting Point:
651 °C
Boiling Point:
1100 °C
Density:
1.738 gm./cm3
Specific Gravity:
1.738
Burns in air with an intense white light,
produces a lot of heat.
Group:
II-A
Period:
III
APPLICATIONS
Aircraft parts
As desulfurizers
and deoxidizers
As anode in ship
hulls and ballast tanks
to protect from
corrosion
Automotive
parts
Bicycles and
sports goods
Laptops and
cellphones
Bohr’s Model
MAGNESIUM ALLOYS
Magnesium is the metal for the 21st
century. Mg-alloys are being considered as one of the
most versatile material choices amongst the structural materials that exhibit both energy
efficiency and environmental benefits. Mg-based materials (alloys and composites) have
enormous and unlimited potential to replace aluminum, steel and structural plastics in
diverse industrial and commercial sectors. Magnesium alloys have a relatively high
strength-to-weight ratio, with some commercial alloys attaining strengths as high as 380
MPa. High energy absorption means good damping of noise and vibration, as well as
impact and dent resistance.
Mg– Zn Binary
Alloy
Mg-Al Binary
Alloy
Zinc renders
more solid solution
strengthening than an equal
atomic percent of other alloying
elements. They have a
strong age hardening
response. By these
advantages, high
strength alloys
can be developed.
EFFECT OF
ZIRCONIA
The addition of
Zirconia (Zr)
enhances the
homogeneity of
microstructure by
making grains round. As a
result more zinc can dissolve
and contribute positively
to the strength of
alloy.
Solubility: 6.2% at eutectic temperature i.e. 341 °C
Solubility: 12.6% at eutectic temperature i.e. 437 °C
It is one of
the oldest and most
commonly used alloys.
Addition of aluminum reduces
the grain sizes and makes
dendrites finer and more
developed. Aluminum
increase hardness,
strength and has
minor effect on
density.
EFFECT OF
STRONTIUM
The effects of
strontium (Sr) on
microstructure are
found to be very
apparent. Addition of Sr
makes lamellar structure which
are distributedalongthegrain
boundaries and make
bettercreepresistant
alloy.
JOINING OF ALLOYS
Magnesium and magnesium alloys may be joined
by most of the common fusion and mechanical
fastening methods. Fusion methods include,
Shielded-metal arc welding
Gas welding
Electric resistance seam and spot welding.
While mechanical fastening methods include,
Riveting
Bolting
Adhesive bonding.
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Good machinability
Good creep resistance to 120 °C
High thermal conductivity
Easily gas-shield arc-welded
High tendency to galvanic corrosion when
contact with dissimilar metals and electrolyte.
Difficult to deform by cold working
High Cost
REFERENCES
Introduction to Physical Metallurgy 2nd Edition—Sidney H Avner
Materials and Process in Manufacturing 10th
Edition—Paul DeGarrmo
http://www.totalmateria.com/Article78.htm
http://www.intlmag.org/magnesiumapps/overview.cfm
https://www.forging.org/design/47-magnesium-alloys
http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/12/magnesium
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jma/2014/704283
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/matertrans/49/6/49_MOV2007315
http://www.foundryworld.com/uploadfile/20094161419781
http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/816/
https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/22223
Magnesium
alloys are in use
around the world
in a variety of
different applications.
It is preferred
material when
looking for weight
reduction without
compromising
overall
strength.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/postermg-and-its-alloys-complete-170818201225/85/Magnesium-and-its-alloys-properties-structures-effect-of-alloying-applications-1-320.jpg)
Magnesium and-its-alloys, properties, structures, effect of alloying, applications
- 1. MAGNESIUM AND ITS ALLOYS Moiz Ullah Baig (MM-036), Saad Arif (MM-026), Haris Iqbal (MM-020) & Omar Siddiqi (MM-004) Materials Engineering Department INTRODUCTION The word ‘Magnesium’ is derived from the Greek word ‘Magnesia’. It is a white silvery metal, dis- covered by Joseph Black in 1755 at Edinburgh, England. It is the 6th most abundant element on earth and about 2.4% of earth crust contains magnesium. PROPERTIES Crystal Structure: Hexagonal Closed Packed Atomic Number: 12 Atomic Mass: 24.3 Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 Group: Alkaline Earth Metal Melting Point: 651 °C Boiling Point: 1100 °C Density: 1.738 gm./cm3 Specific Gravity: 1.738 Burns in air with an intense white light, produces a lot of heat. Group: II-A Period: III APPLICATIONS Aircraft parts As desulfurizers and deoxidizers As anode in ship hulls and ballast tanks to protect from corrosion Automotive parts Bicycles and sports goods Laptops and cellphones Bohr’s Model MAGNESIUM ALLOYS Magnesium is the metal for the 21st century. Mg-alloys are being considered as one of the most versatile material choices amongst the structural materials that exhibit both energy efficiency and environmental benefits. Mg-based materials (alloys and composites) have enormous and unlimited potential to replace aluminum, steel and structural plastics in diverse industrial and commercial sectors. Magnesium alloys have a relatively high strength-to-weight ratio, with some commercial alloys attaining strengths as high as 380 MPa. High energy absorption means good damping of noise and vibration, as well as impact and dent resistance. Mg– Zn Binary Alloy Mg-Al Binary Alloy Zinc renders more solid solution strengthening than an equal atomic percent of other alloying elements. They have a strong age hardening response. By these advantages, high strength alloys can be developed. EFFECT OF ZIRCONIA The addition of Zirconia (Zr) enhances the homogeneity of microstructure by making grains round. As a result more zinc can dissolve and contribute positively to the strength of alloy. Solubility: 6.2% at eutectic temperature i.e. 341 °C Solubility: 12.6% at eutectic temperature i.e. 437 °C It is one of the oldest and most commonly used alloys. Addition of aluminum reduces the grain sizes and makes dendrites finer and more developed. Aluminum increase hardness, strength and has minor effect on density. EFFECT OF STRONTIUM The effects of strontium (Sr) on microstructure are found to be very apparent. Addition of Sr makes lamellar structure which are distributedalongthegrain boundaries and make bettercreepresistant alloy. JOINING OF ALLOYS Magnesium and magnesium alloys may be joined by most of the common fusion and mechanical fastening methods. Fusion methods include, Shielded-metal arc welding Gas welding Electric resistance seam and spot welding. While mechanical fastening methods include, Riveting Bolting Adhesive bonding. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Good machinability Good creep resistance to 120 °C High thermal conductivity Easily gas-shield arc-welded High tendency to galvanic corrosion when contact with dissimilar metals and electrolyte. Difficult to deform by cold working High Cost REFERENCES Introduction to Physical Metallurgy 2nd Edition—Sidney H Avner Materials and Process in Manufacturing 10th Edition—Paul DeGarrmo http://www.totalmateria.com/Article78.htm http://www.intlmag.org/magnesiumapps/overview.cfm https://www.forging.org/design/47-magnesium-alloys http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/12/magnesium http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jma/2014/704283 https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/matertrans/49/6/49_MOV2007315 http://www.foundryworld.com/uploadfile/20094161419781 http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/816/ https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/22223 Magnesium alloys are in use around the world in a variety of different applications. It is preferred material when looking for weight reduction without compromising overall strength.