Managing Information Security Second Edition John R. Vacca
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- 5. Managing Information Security Second Edition John R. Vacca Digital Instant Download Author(s): John R. Vacca ISBN(s): 9780124166882, 0124166881 Edition: 2 File Details: PDF, 13.55 MB Year: 2013 Language: english
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- 9. MANAGING INFORMATION SECURITY SECOND EDITION Edited by John R. Vacca AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SYDNEY • TOKYO Syngress is an imprint of Elsevier
- 10. Publisher: Steven Elliot Senior Developmental Editor: Nathaniel McFadden Editorial Project Manager: Lindsay Lawrence Project Manager: Mohanambal Natarajan Designer: Matthew Limbert Syngress is an imprint of Elsevier 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA Second edition 2014 Copyright r 2014, 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (144) (0) 1865 843830; fax (144) (0) 1865 853333; email: permissions@elsevier.com. Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library For information on all Syngress publications, visit our website at store.elsevier.com/Syngress ISBN: 978-0-12-416688-2 Printed and bound in USA 14 15 16 17 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
- 11. This book is dedicated to my wife Bee.
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- 13. Contents Acknowledgments xi About the Editor xiii Contributors xv Introduction xvii 1. Information Security Essentials for IT Managers 1 ALBERT CABALLERO 1. Information Security Essentials for IT Managers, Overview 1 2. Protecting Mission-Critical Systems 10 3. Information Security from the Ground Up 17 4. Security Monitoring and Effectiveness 37 5. Summary 42 Chapter Review Questions/Exercises 43 Exercise 45 2. Security Management Systems 47 JAMES T. HARMENING 1. Security Management System Standards 47 2. Training Requirements 48 3. Principles of Information Security 48 4. Roles and Responsibilities of Personnel 49 5. Security Policies 49 6. Security Controls 50 7. Network Access 51 8. Risk Assessment 51 9. Incident Response 52 10. Summary 53 Chapter Review Questions/Exercises 54 Exercise 55 3. Information Technology Security Management 57 RAHUL BHASKAR AND BHUSHAN KAPOOR 1. Information Security Management Standards 57 2. Other Organizations Involved in Standards 60 3. Information Technology Security Aspects 60 4. Summary 71 Chapter Review Questions/Exercises 72 Exercise 73 4. Online Identity and User Management Services 75 TEWFIQ EL MALIKI AND JEAN-MARC SEIGNEUR 1. Introduction 75 2. Evolution of Identity Management Requirements 76 3. The Requirements Fulfilled by Identity Management Technologies 82 4. Identity Management 1.0 83 5. Social Login and User Management 105 6. Identity 2.0 for Mobile Users 106 7. Summary 115 Chapter Review Questions/Exercises 115 Exercise 117 References 117 vii
- 14. 5. Intrusion Prevention and Detection Systems 119 CHRISTOPHER DAY 1. What is an ‘Intrusion’ Anyway? 119 2. Physical Theft 119 3. Abuse of Privileges (The Insider Threat) 120 4. Unauthorized Access by Outsider 121 5. Malware Infection 121 6. The Role of the ‘0-Day’ 123 7. The Rogue’s Gallery: Attackers and Motives 124 8. A Brief Introduction to TCP/IP 125 9. The TCP/IP Data Architecture and Data Encapsulation 126 10. Survey of Intrusion Detection and Prevention Technologies 131 11. Anti-Malware Software 132 12. Network-Based Intrusion Detection Systems 133 13. Network-Based Intrusion Prevention Systems 134 14. Host-Based Intrusion Prevention Systems 135 15. Security Information Management Systems 135 16. Network Session Analysis 137 17. Digital Forensics 138 18. System Integrity Validation 138 19. Summary 139 Chapter Review Questions/Exercises 139 Exercise 140 References 141 6. Firewalls 143 DR. ERRIN W. FULP 1. Introduction 143 2. Network Firewalls 143 3. Firewall Security Policies 145 4. A Simple Mathematical Model for Policies, Rules, and Packets 147 5. First-Match Firewall Policy Anomalies 148 6. Policy Optimization 149 7. Firewall Types 151 8. Host and Network Firewalls 153 9. Software and Hardware Firewall Implementations 154 10. Choosing the Correct Firewall 155 11. Firewall Placement and Network Topology 155 12. Firewall Installation and Configuration 159 13. Supporting Outgoing Services Through Firewall Configuration 160 14. Secure External Services Provisioning 162 15. Network Firewalls for Voice and Video Applications 162 16. Firewalls and Important Administrative Service Protocols 163 17. Internal IP Services Protection 166 18. Firewall Remote Access Configuration 168 19. Load Balancing and Firewall Arrays 169 20. Highly Available Firewalls 171 21. Firewall Management 172 22. Summary 173 Chapter Review Questions/Exercises 174 Exercise 175 7. Penetration Testing 177 SANJAY BAVISI 1. Introduction 177 2. What is Penetration Testing? 177 3. How Does Penetration Testing Differ from an Actual “Hack?” 179 4. Types of Penetration Testing 180 5. Phases of Penetration Testing 183 6. Defining What’s Expected 186 7. The Need for a Methodology 186 8. Penetration Testing Methodologies 187 9. Methodology in Action 188 10. Penetration Testing Risks 192 11. Liability Issues 193 viii CONTENTS
- 15. 12. Legal Consequences 193 13. “Get Out of Jail Free” Card 193 14. Penetration Testing Consultants 194 15. Required Skill Sets 195 16. Accomplishments 195 17. Hiring a Penetration Tester 196 18. Why Should a Company Hire You? 197 19. Summary 198 Chapter Review Questions/Exercises 199 Exercise 200 8. What is Vulnerability Assessment? 201 ALMANTAS KAKAREKA 1. Introduction 201 2. Reporting 202 3. The “It Won’t Happen to Us” Factor 202 4. Why Vulnerability Assessment? 202 5. Penetration Testing Versus Vulnerability Assessment 203 6. Vulnerability Assessment Goal 205 7. Mapping the Network 205 8. Selecting the Right Scanners 207 9. Central Scans Versus Local Scans 208 10. Defense in Depth Strategy 209 11. Vulnerability Assessment Tools 210 12. SARA 211 13. SAINT 211 14. MBSA 212 15. Scanner Performance 212 16. Scan Verification 212 17. Scanning Cornerstones 212 18. Network Scanning Countermeasures 213 19. Vulnerability Disclosure Date 214 20. Proactive Security Versus Reactive Security 216 21. Vulnerability Causes 217 22. Diy Vulnerability Assessment 218 23. Summary 219 Chapter Review Questions/Exercises 219 Exercise 220 9. Cyber Forensics 223 SCOTT R. ELLIS 1. What is Cyber Forensics? 223 2. Analysis of Data 225 3. Cyber Forensics in the Court System 229 4. Understanding Internet History 230 5. Temporary Restraining Orders and Labor Disputes 232 6. First Principles 251 7. Hacking a Windows XP Password 252 8. Network Analysis 256 9. Cyber Forensics Applied 257 10. Tracking, Inventory, Location of Files, Paperwork, Backups, and so on 257 11. Testifying as an Expert 262 12. Beginning to End in Court 267 13. Summary 271 Chapter Review Questions/Exercises 272 Exercise 273 10. Cyber Forensics and Incident Response 275 CEM GURKOK 1. Introduction to Cyber Forensics 275 2. Handling Preliminary Investigations 277 3. Controlling an Investigation 280 4. Conducting Disk-Based Analysis 282 5. Investigating Information-Hiding Techniques 287 6. Scrutinizing Email 292 7. Validating Email Header Information 295 8. Tracing Internet Access 295 9. Searching Memory in Real Time 300 10. Summary 308 Chapter Review Questions/Exercises 309 ix CONTENTS
- 16. Exercise 310 References 311 11. Network Forensics 313 YONG GUAN 1. Scientific Overview 313 2. The Principles of Network Forensics 314 3. Attack Traceback and Attribution 318 4. Critical Needs Analysis 326 5. Research Directions 327 6. Summary 329 Chapter Review Questions/Exercises 332 Exercise 333 Index 335 x CONTENTS
- 17. Acknowledgements There are many people whose efforts on this book have contributed to its successful completion. I owe each a debt of gratitude and want to take this opportunity to offer my sincere thanks. A very special thanks to my publisher, Steve Elliot, without whose continued interest and support this book would not have been possible. Senior development editor Nate McFadden provided staunch support and encouragement when it was most needed. Thanks to my production project manager, Mohanambal Natarajan, whose fine work and attention to detail has been invaluable. Thanks also to my market- ing manager, Todd Conly, whose efforts on this book have been greatly appreciated. Finally, thanks to all the other people at Morgan Kaufmann Publishers/Elsevier Science & Technology Books, whose many talents and skills are essential to a finished book. Thanks to my wife, Bee Vacca, for her love, her help, and her understanding of my long work hours. Finally, I wish to thank all the following authors who contributed chapters that were necessary for the completion of this book: Sanjay Bavisi, Rahul Bhaskar, Albert Caballero, Christopher Day, Scott R. Ellis, Errin W. Fulp, Yong Guan, Cem Gurkok, James T. Harmening, Almantas Kakareka, Bhushan Kapoor, Jean-Marc Seigneur. xi
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- 19. About the Editor John Vacca is an information technology consultant, professional writer, editor, reviewer and internationally-known, best- selling author based in Pomeroy, Ohio. Since 1982, John has authored 73 books (some of his most recent books include): • Computer and Information Security Handbook, 2E (Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann (an imprint of Elsevier Inc.) (May 31, 2013)) • Identity Theft (Cybersafety) (Publisher: Chelsea House Pub (April 1, 2012 ) • System Forensics, Investigation, And Response (Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning (September 24, 2010) • Managing Information Security (Publisher: Syngress (an imprint of Elsevier Inc.) (March 29, 2010)) • Network and Systems Security (Publisher: Syngress (an imprint of Elsevier Inc.) (March 29, 2010)) • Computer and Information Security Handbook, 1E (Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann (an imprint of Elsevier Inc.) (June 2, 2009)) • Biometric Technologies and Verification Systems (Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology Books (March 16, 2007)) • Practical Internet Security (Hardcover): (Publisher: Springer (October 18, 2006)) • Optical Networking Best Practices Handbook (Hardcover): (Publisher: Wiley-Interscience (November 28, 2006)) • Guide to Wireless Network Security (Publisher: Springer (August 19, 2006) • Computer Forensics: Computer Crime Scene Investigation (With CD-ROM), 2nd Edition (Publisher: Charles River Media (May 26, 2005) and, more than 600 articles in the areas of advanced storage, computer security and aerospace technology (copies of articles and books are available upon request). John was also a configuration management spe- cialist, computer specialist, and the com- puter security official (CSO) for NASA’s space station program (Freedom) and the International Space Station Program, from 1988 until his retirement from NASA in 1995. In addition, John is also an indepen- dent online book reviewer. Finally, John was one of the security consultants for the MGM movie titled: “AntiTrust,” which was released on January 12, 2001. A detailed copy of my author bio can be viewed at URL: http:/ /www.johnvacca.com. John can be reached at: john2164@windstream.net. xiii
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- 21. Contributors Sanjay Bavisi (Chapter 7), President, EC- Council, Selangor, Malaysia Rahul Bhaskar (Chapter 3), Professor, Department of Information Systems and Decision Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834 Albert Caballero, CISSP, GSEC (Chapter 1), Chief Technology Officer_CTO, Digital Era Group, LLC, Surfside, Fl. 33154 Christopher Day, CISSP, NSA: IEM (Chapter 5), Senior Vice President, Secure Information Systems, Terremark Worldwide, Inc., 2 South Biscayne Blvd., Suite 2900, Miami, FL 33131 Scott R. Ellis, EnCE, RCA (Chapter 9), Manager, Infrastructure Engineering Team,kCura, Chicago, IL 60604 Errin W. Fulp (Chapter 6), Professor, Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109 Yong Guan (Chapter 11), Litton Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 Cem Gurkok (Chapter 10), Threat Intelligence Development Manager, Terremark, Worldwide, Inc., Miami, Florida 33131 James T. Harmening (Chapter 2), President, Computer Bits, Inc., Chicago, Illinois 60602 Almantas Kakareka, CISSP, GSNA, GSEC, CEH (Chapter 8), CTO, Demyo, Inc., Sunny Isles Beach, Florida 33160 Bhushan Kapoor (Chapter 3), Chair, Department of Information Systems and Decision Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834 Jean-Marc Seigneur (Chapter 4), Advanced Systems Group, University of Geneva, Switzerland xv
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- 23. Introduction This Managing Information Security derivative book provides a broad overview of information security program elements to assist practitioners and IT professionals in enhancing their skills and knowledge on how to establish and implement an infor- mation security program. The material in this book can be referenced for general information on a particular topic or can be used in the decision-making process for managing an information security program. The purpose of this book is to inform infor- mation security management practitioners and IT professionals about various aspects of information security that they will be expected to implement and oversee in their respective organizations. In addition, the book provides guidance for facilitating a more consistent approach to information security programs. Furthermore, this comprehensive book serves as a professional reference to pro- vide the most complete and concise view of how to manage computer security and pri- vacy available. It offers in-depth coverage of computer security theory, technology, and practice as it relates to established technologies; as well as, recent advance- ments. It explores practical solutions to a wide range of security issues. Individual chapters are authored by leading experts in the field and address the immediate and long term challenges in the contributors’ respective areas of expertise. The book provides information that practitioners and IT professionals can use in building their information security program strategy. In addition, new security vendors are building Ethernet switches that offer full security on every single port at very affordable prices, driving prices down and making competition fiercer for all inte- grated security products. The book is therefore useful to any man- ager who requires a broad overview of information security practices. In addition, in this book, you will also learn how to: 1. Configure tools and utilities to minimize exposure and detect intrusions 2. Create, document and test continuity arrangements for your organization 3. Perform a risk assessment and Business Impact Assessment (BIA) to identify vulnerabilities 4. Select and deploy an alternate site for continuity of mission-critical activities 5. Identify appropriate strategies to recover the infrastructure and processes 6. Organize and manage recovery teams 7. Test and maintain an effective recovery plan in a rapidly changing technology environment 8. Detect and respond to vulnerabilities that put your organization at risk using scanners 9. Employ real-world exploits and evaluate their effect on your systems 10. Configure vulnerability scanners 11. Analyze the results of vulnerability scans 12. Assess vulnerability alerts and advisories xvii
- 24. 13. Establish a strategy for vulnerability management 14. Build a firewall to protect your network 15. Install and configure proxy-based and stateful-filtering firewalls 16. Provide access to HTTP and FTP services on the Internet 17. Implement publicly accessible servers without compromising security 18. Protect internal IP addresses with NAT and deploy a secure DNS architecture 19. Manage information security risks within your organization 20. Identify security threats to your data and IT infrastructure 21. Recognize appropriate technology to deploy against these threats 22. Adapt your organization’s information security policy to operational requirements and assess compliance 23. Effectively communicate information security issues 24. Oversee your organization’s ongoing information security You will also learn to identify vulner- abilities and implement appropriate coun- termeasures to prevent and mitigate threats to your mission-critical processes. You will learn techniques for creating a business continuity plan (BCP) and the methodology for building an infrastructure that supports its effective implementation. Knowledge of vulnerability assessment and hacking techniques allows you to detect vulnerabilities before your networks are attacked. In this book, you will learn to configure and use vulnerability scanners to detect weaknesses and prevent network exploitation. You will also acquire the knowledge to assess the risk to your enter- prise from an array of vulnerabilities and to minimize your exposure to costly threats. The firewall has emerged as a primary tool to prevent unauthorized access to valu- able data. In this book, you will gain expe- rience installing and configuring a firewall. You will also learn how to allow access to key services while maintaining your orga- nization’s security. Securing information is vital to the suc- cess of every organization and is the link to maximizing the benefits of information technology. This book will empower man- agers with an understanding of the threats and risks to information resources. You will also gain the knowledge of what needs to be done to protect information infra- structures, develop an action plan and monitor threats. You will learn to identify best practices and deploy a security pro- gram throughout your organization. Finally, throughout this book, you will gain practical skills through a series of interactive small-group workshops and evolving case studies. You will also learn how to design and develop a disaster recovery plan, which includes the following: 1. Assessing threats 2. Avoiding disasters 3. Identifying the impact on critical business functions 4. Recognizing alternatives for continuing business functions 5. Planning your continuity project 6. Organizing team structures for use in an emergency 7. Creating a recovery plan from the response to a disaster In addition, this book is valuable for those involved in selecting, implementing or auditing secure solutions for access into the enterprise. And, it is also valuable for anyone responsible for ensuring the conti- nuity of an organization’s critical systems xviii INTRODUCTION
- 25. or processes. For example, the reader should have general familiarity with- and have knowledge equivalent to the following: • Project Management: Skills for Success • Deploying Internet and Intranet Firewalls • Implementing Web Security • Management Skills • Influence Skills • Project Risk Management • Detecting and Analyzing Intrusions • Vulnerability Assessment • Disaster Recovery Planning ORGANIZATION OF THIS BOOK The book is composed of 11 contributed chapters by leading experts in their fields. Contributor Albert Caballero (Chapter 1, “Information Security Essentials for IT Managers: Protecting Mission-Critical Systems”) begins by discussing how secu- rity goes beyond technical controls and encompasses people, technology, policy and operations in a way that few other business objectives do. Information security involves the protection of organizational assets from the disruption of business operations, modification of sensitive data, or disclosure of proprietary information. The protection of this data is usually described as maintaining the confidential- ity, integrity, and availability (CIA) of the organization’s assets, operations, and information. As identified throughout this chapter, security goes beyond technical controls and encompasses people, technology, policy, and operations in a way that few other business objectives do. The evolution of a risk-based paradigm, as opposed to a technical solution paradigm for security, has made it clear that a secure organization does not result from securing technical infrastructure alone. Next, contributor James T. Harmening (Chapter 2, “Security Management Systems”) examines documentation requirements and maintaining an effective security system; as well as, assessments. Today, when most companies and govern- ment agencies rely on computer networks to store and manage their organizations’ data, it is essential that measures are put in place to secure those networks and keep them functioning optimally. Network administrators need to define their security management systems to cover all parts of their computer and network resources. A security management system starts as a set of policies that dictate the way in which computer resources can be used. The policies are then implemented by the orga- nization’s technical departments and enforced. This can be easy for smaller orga- nizations, but can require a team for larger international organizations that have thou- sands of business processes. Either way, measures need to be put in place to pre- vent, respond to, and fix security issues that arise in your organization. Then, contributors Rahul Bhasker and Bhushan Kapoor (Chapter 3, “Information Technology Security Management”) discuss the processes that are supported with enabling organizational structure and tech- nology to protect an organization’s infor- mation technology operations and information technology assets against inter- nal and external threats intentionally or otherwise. Information technology security management can be defined as processes that supported enabling organizational structure and technology to protect an organization’s IT operations and assets xix INTRODUCTION
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- 27. l'ingegno il rancore; queste non hanno mestieri d'aguzzarlo; la finezza del senso è in loro una seconda natura. Giunia Sillana aveva sorriso di quei sospetti, contenta che avessero dato nel segno. Ma il console Sulpicio non ci aveva le stesse ragioni di lei per lasciar correre, e fatto chiamare a sè l'argentario, gli aveva data una strappazzata coi fiocchi. Badasse a' casi suoi, tenesse la lingua tra i denti; se no, povero a lui! E il nostro Cepione, quantunque di mala voglia, si era inchinato, aspettando il giorno dell'udienza pretoria, a cui doveva presentarsi, in compagnia de' suoi sozii, egli e loro con un pugno di mosche. Or dunque, mentre il sapientissimo e santissimo uomo Marco Rutilio Cordo stava sulla sua sedia curule, rendendo giustizia e accomodando in bella guisa le pieghe della sua toga pretesta, comparvero davanti al tribunale i tre usurai. — Che cosa volete? — domandò. — Pretore, ti chiediamo giustizia. — Qui la si fa sempre, e per tutti. Di che vi lagnate? — Del fatto che sai. Trenta giorni or sono, tu ci hai dato nelle mani il nostro debitore Tizio Caio Sempronio.... — E fu bene, perchè egli non aveva pagato per intero il suo debito. Lo avete portato via a buon dritto ed io spero che lo avrete nutrito secondo la legge, o permesso che egli si nutrisse meglio, a sue spese. — Ah sì, egli s'è nutrito davvero; — gridò Crispo Lamia. — Lo stesso giorno che tu ce lo hai consegnato, il prigioniero è fuggito. — Fuggito? — Sì; lo ignori tu forse, mentre tutta Roma lo sa? — Cittadini, — rispose gravemente il magistrato, — io qui non debbo sapere se non quello che consta al mio tribunale. Dunque, è fuggito? E voi ve lo siete lasciato sguizzar di mano?
- 28. — Un tradimento! — urlò Cepione. — Un indegno tradimento! Egli non può esser fuggito senza la connivenza di qualcheduno. — Accusate, e vedremo; — disse il pretore. — Ma.... — balbettò l'argentario, che rammentava la minaccia del console, e voleva pur dire qualcosa; — i complici son troppo alti e potenti. — Marco Rutilio Cordo aggrottò le ciglia senz'altro. — Non c'è nessuno troppo alto o possente, in Roma, davanti alla maestà delle leggi. Parlate dunque, accusate liberamente. Vi avverto, per altro, — soggiunse, con accento severo, — che le mezze accuse non giovano, ed io vi farei costar care le false. — Cepione, inviperito, voleva replicare. Ma i suoi colleghi, più prudenti, lo tirarono per un lembo della toga. — Non mettere te e noi in un ginepraio, — gli bisbigliarono all'orecchio. — Tu lo vedi; il pretore non ischerza. — Cepione li chetò con un gesto della mano, che voleva dire: ho capito. E abbassando il tono, ripigliò: — Ma il nostro credito, chi ce lo paga? Che cosa ci rimane, se il debitore è sfumato? Il suo nome nella tua sentenza! In verità, è troppo poco. — Non dico di no; rispose Rutilio Cordo, soddisfatto di vederli calare. — Ma non son io che vi ho fatto perdere il pegno. E proprio volevate farlo in tre pezzi? — In tre pezzi, sì, in tre pezzi, come ci consentono le patrie leggi. — E sia; lo potete. Spartitevi quel che rimane, senza pregiudizio del vostro diritto su tutto quel più che potrà ritornarvi in balìa. A te, Crispo Lamia, sérviti pel primo, quantunque tu non sia il maggior creditore, ed abbi Tizio, il prenome. A te, Servilio Cepione, prenditi Caio, il nome gentilizio. E tu, Furio Spongia, abbi quel che rimane, Sempronio, il cognome della famiglia. Lo volevate dividere in tre; vi accordo il taglio, vi assegno le porzioni; non se ne parli più altro. —
- 29. Così nella sua alta sapienza Marco Rutilio Cordo, che qualche volta amava far la burletta, vizio che è rimasto e s'è perpetuato presso tutti i giudici della terra, a rendere manco noiose le lunghe ore d'udienza! Una risata omerica di tutti gli astanti accolse la sentenza del pretore. Quando la voce fu passata di fila in fila, per modo che ne fossero informati i più lontani, fu uno scoppio d'ilarità in tutto il Foro; ilarità che si propagò per tutte le vie, per tutti i chiassi dell'eterna città. Le aquile e i corvi, frequentatori assidui dei sette colli, passando a volo sulle mura di Romolo, in quel momento d'epica giocondità, rimasero un pezzo a becco aperto, domandando tra sè per qual ragione fosse uscito dalla sua serietà il popolo più grave e più contegnoso dei mondo. La sentenza di Marco Rutilio Cordo, buttata là senza pretensione e così per mandare a spasso quei tre noiosi argentarii, trovò i suoi lodatori, e passò in proverbio la divisione di un nome in tre parti. Tizio Caio e Sempronio restarono separati e per sempre. I nomi d'Aulo, di Nigidio, ed altri, che erano serviti fino allora ai giureconsulti nel proporre gli esempi, cedettero il luogo a quei tre. Tizio ha dato a Caio; Caio ha negato a Sempronio; e avanti di questo passo, fino al tempo nostro, che tramanderà l'usanza ai venturi. Lettori dell'anima mia, vi ho chiarito un passo d'archeologia romana, e voi siete capaci, non che di rendermi grazie, di non prestar fede alle mie trovate. Questa è la sorte di tutti i grandi scopritori, ed io mi rassegno. Ma voi siete anche capaci di chiedermi come e dove andasse a finire il giovinetto, a cui era toccata quella burlesca diminutio capitis. Ed ecco, è per l'appunto quello che ignoro. Ho rovistato in tutti i bugigattoli della storia, e non ho trovato un bel nulla. Leggo cionondimeno in Plutarco, nella vita di Elvio Sillano (quel valentuomo che sapete, e reputato degno di entrare in paragone con un eroe della Grecia), che la bella Giunia Sillana era molto tranquilla.
- 30. Segno evidente che l'amico doveva star bene e che si adattava di buona voglia alla necessità di conservare l'incognito. Un giorno, la bella pallidona s'imbattè in Clodia Metella. Le due matrone non si erano più visitate, nè incontrate per via, dopo la stagione delle bagnature nel golfo di Neapoli. Giunia Sillana fece le viste di non riconoscerla. Ma l'altra le andò incontro difilata, e col più amabile dei sorrisi sul labbro. Dicono i pratici che le signore donne ci abbiano sempre questo sorriso in mostra, quando si dispongono a dare una stoccatina a qualche amica del cuore. — Oh, bellissima, — gridò Clodia Metella, prendendo amorevolmente le mani dell'amica, — come stai? Non ti si vede più. — Sto bene e tu mi vedi; — rispose asciuttamente Giunia Sillana. — Ah sì, una volta all'anno! Beato chi ti possiede! Dimmi, a proposito, che cos'è avvenuto di quel leggiadro cavaliere?..... — Di che cavaliere mi parli? — chiese Giunia Sillana, seccata dall'intenzione sarcastica di quel modo avverbiale che aveva usato Clodia Metella. — Di Tizio Caio Sempronio, poichè bisogna dir proprio il suo nome. Dicono che sia andato all'esercito di Cesare. — Sarà vero. — Ma dicono altresì che non sia uscito di Roma e che viva nascosto in una tua villa. — Sarà vero anche questo. — Tanta imperturbabilità era piuttosto singolare, e Clodia si morse le labbra dal dispetto. — Dunque, mia bellissima, tu conservi il segreto. Non ci sarà verso di cavarti nulla di bocca? — Perchè dici questo? Ho anzi un'imbasciata per te; — rispose Giunia Sillana.
- 31. — Da lui? — Sicuramente, da lui. — Oh Venere madre! e sei stata così buona.... — Da incaricarmene, certamente. Povero giovane, è così gentile d'animo e memore delle sue vecchie amicizie! Egli m'ha detto di consigliarti in suo nome l'uso quotidiano e abbondante dell'acqua di Cosmo. Servilio Cepione si lava così poco, e lascia un odore così cattivo su tutto ciò ch'egli tocca! — La botta era andata al cuore. Clodia Metella perdette il lume degli occhi. — Mi pagherai questo affronto, faccia di verderame! — sibilò essa, con voce soffocata dalla rabbia. Giunia Sillana non si commosse punto, nè alla minaccia, nè all'insulto. — Io non ti temo; — rispose; — tutta Roma sa chi tu sei, quadrantaria! Del resto meglio esser verdi, che impiastricciate di medicamenti letali. Si narra che Metello Celere, il tuo povero marito, per averti baciata sulle guance, sia morto. — In questa guisa le due matrone si separarono, sorridendosi a vicenda, mentre i loro servi si tenevano ad una rispettosa distanza. Giunia Sillana non aveva certamente a temer nulla dallo sdegno di Clodia. Elvio Sillano era del partito di Cesare, che trionfava, e Clodia Metella doveva appiccar la voglia all'arpione. Del resto, era andata maledettamente giù, la quadrantaria. E vennero presto le rughe e si dileguarono ad uno ad uno gli amanti. Servilio Cepione, sempre più adiposo e rosso scarlatto nel grugno come i bargigli d'un tacchino, un bel dì fu trovato morto nel suo letto. Quella volta gli era capitato per davvero, e furono esauditi i voti ardentissimi di tanti cittadini, che glieli auguravano a secco. I suoi colleghi delle Botteghe Vecchie gli fecero un funerale magnifico, accompagnato dalle imprecazioni di tutti i sette colli. Ma pur troppo,
- 32. nella fretta, dimenticarono di mettergli in bocca la moneta per pagare il suo passaggio a Caronte, ed io credo che il mascalzone, con tutte le sue ricchezze, non abbia ancora potuto mettersi in barca. Mi domanderete di Cinzio Numeriano. Il bel poeta non fece più versi, che raccomandassero il suo nome alla posterità. Dopo tante liete impromesse! Ma pur troppo è così; la Musa non vuol rivali, e pianta lì, senza tanti complimenti, chi non sa essere tutto per lei. E un bel giorno lo piantò anche Delia, fuggendo in Ispagna con un pantomimo famoso. Giunio Ventidio, Postumio Floro, Elio Vibenna.... Io spero, o lettori, che non mi domanderete notizia di tutte queste parti secondarie. Sappiate del resto, che uno dopo l'altro morirono tutti. E, senza mestieri di appurare il fatto con l'Arte di verificare le date, ho ragione di credere che sia morto anche il leggiadro eroe della mia storia, mezzo romana e mezzo di tutti i tempi e di tutti i paesi. Se vi ha divertiti, ditelo; ma per carità non la date ad imprestito. Oltre che gli amici non vi restituirebbero il libro, voi fareste un danno all'editore. Se poi v'ha annoiati, come temo, state zitti, per l'amor di Dio, e pensate che anche alle manifatture di questa sorte va applicato il proverbio: non tutte le ciambelle riescono col buco. FINE.
- 34. INDICE Capitolo I. Entra in scena l'eroe Pag. 1 » II. Il triclinio 9 » III. Donne, vino e canzoni 21 » IV. L'amico ei conosce alla prova 34 » V. Amore è cieco 48 » VI. Rose e spine 65 » VII. Venere spogliatrice 83 » VIII. L'attesa 103 » IX. Duettino d'amore 116 » X. Il terzo incomodo 130 » XI. Il prodigo e l'avaro 139 » XII. Nel teatro di Pompeo 152 » XIII. Amori in vista 162 » XIV. Le nozze di Numeriano 180 » XV. Il ricevimento 197 » XVI. Quod erat in fatis 206 » XVII. Viaggio a Citera 219 » XVIII. Luci ed ombre 231 » XIX. Siamo agli sgoccioli 251 » XX. Una va e l'altra viene 268 » XXI. Pro tribunali 279 » XXII. Sulle ventitrè e tre quarti 292 » XXIII. Dopo la sentenza 305 » XXIV. Un colpo di mano 313 » XXV. Chi ha avuto ha avuto 325
- 35. DELLO STESSO AUTORE (Edizioni in-16). Racconti e novelle (1809). Nuova edizione in-16: Vol. I: Capitan Dodero, Santa Cecilia, Una notte bizzarra L. 2 — Vol. II: L'Olmo e l'Edera, Il libro nero 3 — I Rossi e i Neri (1871). Due volumi 7 — Val d'Olivi (1873). Seconda edizione 2 — Le confessioni di Fra Gualberto (1873). Seconda edizione 3 — Semiramide, racconto babilonese (1873). Seconda ediz. 3 — La legge Oppia, commedia (1874) 1 — Castel Gavone (1875). Seconda edizione 2 50 Come un sogno (1875). Quarta edizione 2 — La notte del commendatore (1875) 4 — Diana degli Embriaci (1877) 3 — Cuor di ferro e cuor d'oro (1877). Seconda edizione 5 — Lutezia (1878). Seconda edizione 2 — La conquista d'Alessandro (1879) 4 — (Edizioni in-32).
- 36. Capitan Dodero. Terza edizione L. — 50 Santa Cecilia. Due volumi. Terza edizione 1 — L'Olmo e l'Edera. Due volumi. Terza edizione 1 — Il libro nero. Due volumi. Terza edizione 1 —
- 37. Nota del Trascrittore Ortografia e punteggiatura originali sono state mantenute, correggendo senza annotazione minimi errori tipografici.
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