Managing the Information Technology Resource 1st Edition Luftman Test Bank
- 1. Managing the Information Technology Resource 1st Edition Luftman Test Bank download https://testbankfan.com/product/managing-the-information- technology-resource-1st-edition-luftman-test-bank/ Explore and download more test bank or solution manual at testbankfan.com
- 2. Here are some recommended products for you. Click the link to download, or explore more at testbankfan.com Managing Information Technology 7th Edition Brown Test Bank https://testbankfan.com/product/managing-information-technology-7th- edition-brown-test-bank/ Managing Information Technology 7th Edition Brown Solutions Manual https://testbankfan.com/product/managing-information-technology-7th- edition-brown-solutions-manual/ Information Technology for Managers 1st Edition Reynolds Test Bank https://testbankfan.com/product/information-technology-for- managers-1st-edition-reynolds-test-bank/ Challenge of Democracy American Government in Global Politics 13th Edition Janda Test Bank https://testbankfan.com/product/challenge-of-democracy-american- government-in-global-politics-13th-edition-janda-test-bank/
- 3. Scientific American Biology for a Changing World with Core Physiology 2nd Edition Shuster Test Bank https://testbankfan.com/product/scientific-american-biology-for-a- changing-world-with-core-physiology-2nd-edition-shuster-test-bank/ Contemporary Nutrition 9th Edition Wardlaw Test Bank https://testbankfan.com/product/contemporary-nutrition-9th-edition- wardlaw-test-bank/ Compensation Canadian 5th Edition Milkovich Test Bank https://testbankfan.com/product/compensation-canadian-5th-edition- milkovich-test-bank/ Economics Today 17th Edition Roger LeRoy Miller Solutions Manual https://testbankfan.com/product/economics-today-17th-edition-roger- leroy-miller-solutions-manual/ Prentice Halls Federal Taxation 2016 Individuals 29th Edition Pope Solutions Manual https://testbankfan.com/product/prentice-halls-federal- taxation-2016-individuals-29th-edition-pope-solutions-manual/
- 4. Business Statistics in Practice 7th Edition Bowerman Solutions Manual https://testbankfan.com/product/business-statistics-in-practice-7th- edition-bowerman-solutions-manual/
- 5. Chapter 7 Managing the Information Technology Resource 1 Chapter 7 Managing Emerging Technologies True-False Questions 1. A traditional description of the Technology Life Cycle describes technologies as passing through five phases. Answer: False Reference: p. 180 2. In the Emerging Technology phase of the Technology Life Cycle, a technology is considered an innovation and is still developing in terms of capability and capacity. Answer: True Reference: p. 180 3. In the Key Technology phase of the Technology Life Cycle, a technology is considered required in order for an organization to remain viable. Answer: False Reference: p. 180 4. Emerging technologies are defined as those technologies that are just coming out of research and development labs and are becoming available for implementation in an organizational setting. Answer: True Reference: p. 180 5. The Innovators adopter type of the Innovation Diffusion Theory model can be characterized as organizations or people that are true skeptics, adopting technology mainly to stay in the market. Answer: False Reference: p. 182 6. The Laggards category of the Innovation Diffusion Theory model can be characterized as organizations or people that are true skeptics, adopting technology mainly to stay in the market. Answer: True Reference: p. 182 7. The majority of organizations belong to the Laggards adopter type of the Innovation Diffusion Theory model, whereby they adopt technology mainly to stay in the market. Answer: False Reference: p. 182
- 6. 2 Managing the Information Technology Resource 8. A primary reason why organizations focus on technology change is to maintain competitive advantage. Answer: True Reference: p. 183 9. Moore’s Landscape of Technology Adoption Life Cycle model looks at technology innovation from a product provider point of view, rather than from a technology user’s point of view. Answer: True Reference: p. 183 10. Implementing a given technology during the Early Adopters phase offers the greatest relative benefit versus the cost of implementing the technology. Answer: True Reference: p. 185 11. Organizations that tend to place a greater emphasis on system design and engineering are much more likely to adopt new technologies during the initial stages of its application. Answer: False Reference: p. 185 12. The normal distribution curve can be used to describe the rate of adoption of technologies. Answer: True Reference: p. 186 13. The S-curve can be used to describe the cumulative adoption of technologies. Answer: True Reference: p. 186 14. Sunsetting refers to the time period during which a new technology is considered emerging. Answer: False Reference: p. 186 15. An assimilation gap occurs when emerging technologies never become viable or accepted as mainstream. Answer: False Reference: p. 191
- 7. Chapter 7 Managing the Information Technology Resource 3 Multiple Choice Questions 16. The Technology Life Cycle phase whereby implementing a specific technology becomes required in order for an organization to remain viable is best described as: a. emerging technology. b. pacing technology. c. key technology. d. base technology. Answer: d Reference: p. 180 17. The Innovation Diffusion Theory adopter type which categorizes organizations or people as true skeptics who adopt technology mainly to stay in the market, is best described as: a. laggards. b. early majority. d. innovators. e. late majority. Answer: a Reference: p. 182 18. Each of the following are technology diffusion categories in Moore’s Landscape of Technology Adoption Life Cycle except: a. technology enthusiasts. b. thrill seekers. c. visionaries. d. skeptics. Answer: b Reference: p. 183 19. The greatest implication of not keeping pace with technology is best described as: a. loss of competitive edge. b. lack of control in running the business. c. increased cost of production. d. decreased customer satisfaction. Answer: a Reference: p. 184 20. The Innovation Diffusion Theory adopter type which offers the greatest relative benefit versus cost to implement is best described as: a. laggards. b. early majority. c. innovators. d. early adopters. Answer: d Reference: p. 185
- 8. 4 Managing the Information Technology Resource 21. The S-curve is best described by which of the following? a. Rate of adoption of technologies b. Cost and benefits by phase c. Cumulative adoption of technologies d. Time to market of emerging technologies Answer: c Reference: p. 186 22. Which of the following best describes the technology lifecycle stage whereby an organization is most likely to implement a new technology if the organization emphasizes R&D, has the tightest coupling between R&D and systems, has state of the art technical capabilities, and are considered technical enthusiasts? a. Innovator “pioneer” b. Early adopter c. Late majority d. Laggards “me to” Answer: a Reference: p. 186 23. Which of the following best describes the discontinuous change that comes about as a result of dramatic changes in the roles of the end user of a technology? a. Paradigm shock b. Application breakthrough c. Learning by using d. Competitive differential Answer: b Reference: p. 188 24. The process by which an innovation is communicated, over time, through certain channels to members of a social system best describes: a. standards. b. diffusion. c. convergence. d. scanning. Answer: b Reference: p. 189 25. Which of the following best describes the lag between the acquisition of a product and its actual deployment by an organization? a. Diffusion b. Chasm c. Assimilation gap d. Convergence Answer: c Reference: p. 191
- 9. Chapter 7 Managing the Information Technology Resource 5 26. Each of the following is a factor that can slow the adoption of new technologies except: a. the technical standards in the industry are not clearly set. b. the offering needs to undergo a significant regulatory approval process. c. the offering does not provide substantial performance advantages over current solutions.. d. the offering was not forecasted as becoming an emerging technology. Answer: d Reference: p. 194 27. Which of the following best describes the phenomenon whereby more than one technology is combined to create a new technology? a. Speciation b. Application c. Convergence d. Diffusion Answer: c Reference: p. 196 28. Which of the following best describes the process of keeping abreast of developments and potential developments in the technology arena? a. Technology convergence b. Technology scanning c. Technology evaluation d. Technology forecasting Answer: b Reference: p. 197 29. Each of the following are common sources of information that can be used to facilitate technology scanning except: a. vendors and consultants. b. universities. c. early adopters. d. parapsychologists. Answer: d Reference: p. 197 30. Each of the following are components of the Technology Assessment process that can be applied to reducing the uncertainties that arise out of traditional static approaches to evaluating emerging technology except: a. scoping. b. searching. c. committing. d. disposing. Answer: d Reference: p. 199
- 10. 6 Managing the Information Technology Resource Fill In the Blanks 31. Emerging technologies are defined as those technologies that are just coming out of research and development labs and are becoming available for implementation in an organizational setting. Reference: p. 180 32. Sunsetting refers to the time period during which a technology is earmarked to be discontinued but exists alongside the new technology. Reference: p. 186 33. Once a technology enters the obsolescence phase, there is a decline in the available knowledge as people move on to the next new technology. Reference: p. 188-189 34. Paradigm shock refers to the inhibiting discontinuity experienced by end users, or the infrastructure supporting them, as a result of implementing a new technology. Reference: p. 188 35. Application breakthrough refers to the enabling discontinuity experienced by end users as a result of a dramatic change in their roles due to implementing a new technology. Reference: p. 188 36. Diffusion is defined as the process by which an innovation is communicated, over time, through certain channels to members of a social system. Reference: p. 189 37. Learning by using refers to the increase in the benefit a technology brings as the community of adopters accumulates experience and knowledge of its use. Reference: p. 190 38. Positive network externalities refer to the benefits brought by the number of users of technology; the greater the number of users, the greater the benefit of the technology. Reference: p. 190 39. Interrelatedness refers to the existence of compatible products that serve to increase the likelihood of a larger base of adopters.. Reference: p. 190
- 11. Chapter 7 Managing the Information Technology Resource 7 40. Shelf-ware refers to technology products which are purchased by an organization but not implemented. Reference: p. 190 41. The lag between the acquisition of a product and its actual implementation, whether it is a temporary lag or a permanent difference, has been described as the assimilation gap. Reference: p. 191 42. The phenomenon whereby more than one technology is combined to create a new technology best describes convergence. Reference: p. 196 43. Technology scanning refers to the process of keeping abreast of developments and potential developments in the technology arena. Reference: p. 197 44. Two methodologies used to assess possible future developments include the scenario planning method and the Delphi method. Reference: p. 197 45. The scenario planning method examines a proposed situation and evaluates the probability of it occurring versus the impact the development would have on an organization. Reference: p. 198
- 12. 8 Managing the Information Technology Resource Essay Questions 46. Give an example of a company that used an emerging technology and describe how it provided them with a competitive advantage. Citibank first introduced Automatic Teller Machine technology, which gave them the ability to provide banking services 24 hours a day. This initial introduction as a customer service technology was subsequently adopted by other banks and quickly moved into the key technology phase as customers used the availability of an ATM as a reason for choosing their bank. Citibank gained short-term competitive advantage as other banks scrambled to acquire this technology. Reference: p. 179 47. List and briefly describe the four phases of the Technology Life Cycle. 1. Emerging Technology. In this phase, a technology is considered an innovation and is still developing in terms of capability or capacity. Its potential marketplace has not yet accepted it as a technology that will be useful, useable, cost effective, or a viable substitute for a technology (or service) it could replace. 2. Pacing Technology. In this phase, the technology is beginning to grow in acceptance. Multiple competing organizations may be implementing or evaluating the technology. The technology has been identified as having benefits that exceed its cost, or is viewed as one that has a competitive advantage that cannot be ignored. 3. Key Technology. Once a technology reaches this phase, it has become a technology that provides a competitive differential, i.e. the use of this technology enables/drives the business and/or is a major reason the organization is more successful than its competitors. 4. Base Technology. This final phase of a technology’s life cycle is reached when the technology becomes a required technology for an organization. If an organization is to remain viable, it cannot avoid using the technology. Reference: p. 180
- 13. Chapter 7 Managing the Information Technology Resource 9 48. List and briefly describe the five adopter types from the Innovation Diffusion Theory model. 1. Innovators: Organizations or people that are willing to take higher risk, have “deeper pockets” (i.e., are able to finance projects more readily), or have experience in evaluating/piloting projects based on emerging technologies. 2. Early Adopters: Organizations or people that are more visionary. There is some assurance of the potential returns from adopting a technology, but its visibility is not yet widespread, or only these adopters see its application. 3. Early Majority: Adopters who waited until there was more assurance for the success of the technology. Other firms, perhaps competitors, have already proven that the technology can be successful and there is an understanding that the technology will eventually become a key and base technology. 4. Late Majority: This category includes the organizations that have realized they will have to adopt the technology to stay competitive. These are the conservative organizations, which prefer low risk or have low investment capability. The pressure to adopt the technology to remain competitive has risen to a level where the technology cannot be ignored. 5. Laggards: These are the true skeptics. The technology is likely to have become a base technology and the main benefit to adopting it is to stay in the market. The risk in being a laggard is that the cost of implementation may now be greater than the economic benefit. Reference: p. 182 49. Discuss a human resource consideration when evaluating and implementing new technologies. A human resource issue to consider when evaluating and implementing new technologies is the availability of talent. This needs to be considered because an organization must acquire the personnel who can best implement the technology. Before the technology is acquired, the organization must determine whether they have the best talent to evaluate the technology and its fit. In the event an emerging technology is selected for pursuit, it requires obtaining the right human resources with the right skill set, whether cultivated in-house or obtained outside. The skill level of existing human resources needs to be evaluated and the cost of acquiring the skills needs to be weighed against the timing of implementation so that a decision can be made whether to learn the skill in-house or bring in skill from outside. Reference: p. 195
- 14. 10 Managing the Information Technology Resource 50. List and briefly describe two sources of information that can be used for technology scanning. There are many sources of information available for use in technology scanning. Two methods that are available to assess possible future developments include the Delphi method and the scenario planning method. The Delphi method uses a multiround survey approach with feedback. Experts in a particular field or area are utilized and through the feedback within the group, a consensus is reached after several rounds of questions and survey iterations carry the highest probability of being correct. The scenario planning method examines a given scenario (possible new technology, environmental change, etc.) and evaluates the probability of it occurring versus the impact the development would have on an organization. Scenarios that have both a high impact and a high probability of occurring become high priority issues. Reference: p. 197
- 15. Visit https://testbankbell.com now to explore a rich collection of testbank, solution manual and enjoy exciting offers!
- 16. Other documents randomly have different content
- 17. back
- 19. back
- 21. back
- 23. back
- 25. back
- 27. back
- 29. back
- 31. back
- 33. back
- 35. back
- 37. back
- 39. back
- 41. back
- 42. Welcome to our website – the perfect destination for book lovers and knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world, offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth. That’s why we are dedicated to bringing you a diverse collection of books, ranging from classic literature and specialized publications to self-development guides and children's books. More than just a book-buying platform, we strive to be a bridge connecting you with timeless cultural and intellectual values. With an elegant, user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can quickly find the books that best suit your interests. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery services help you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading. Join us on a journey of knowledge exploration, passion nurturing, and personal growth every day! testbankfan.com