Mandate of Heaven and Dynastic Cycle
- 1. Chinese ProverbChinese Proverb If there be righteousness in the heart,If there be righteousness in the heart, there will be beauty in the character.there will be beauty in the character. If there is beauty in the character,If there is beauty in the character, there will be harmony in the home.there will be harmony in the home. If there is harmony in the home,If there is harmony in the home, there will be order in the nation.there will be order in the nation. When there is order in each nation,When there is order in each nation, there will be peace in the world.there will be peace in the world.
- 2. Do NowDo Now Pick up a lined sheet of paper from thePick up a lined sheet of paper from the back counter…split in half and shareback counter…split in half and share Define the following vocab terms:Define the following vocab terms: Scholar OfficialScholar Official Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven BureaucracyBureaucracy Dynastic CycleDynastic Cycle Civil Service ExamCivil Service Exam
- 3. By the end of these notes youBy the end of these notes you should be able to…should be able to… Describe the dynastic cycleDescribe the dynastic cycle Explain how the fall of the Han Dynasty (206Explain how the fall of the Han Dynasty (206 B.C.- 202 A.D.) affected ChinaB.C.- 202 A.D.) affected China Describe how Buddhism and ConfucianismDescribe how Buddhism and Confucianism influenced Chinese Historyinfluenced Chinese History
- 4. Chinese Dynasties:Chinese Dynasties: Common TrendsCommon Trends Throughout history Chinese government hadThroughout history Chinese government had been controlled by dynasties and between eachbeen controlled by dynasties and between each dynasty was a period of disunitydynasty was a period of disunity Chinese dynasties went through a processChinese dynasties went through a process commonly referred to as the “Dynastic Cycle” orcommonly referred to as the “Dynastic Cycle” or “Cycle of Chinese Dynasties”“Cycle of Chinese Dynasties” Chinese dynasties would have a strong rise, aChinese dynasties would have a strong rise, a long tenure (period of rule), and a sharp fall. Alllong tenure (period of rule), and a sharp fall. All determined by the Mandate of Heaven.determined by the Mandate of Heaven.
- 6. Chinese Dynasties:Chinese Dynasties: Common TrendsCommon Trends Each dynasty dealt with invasions fromEach dynasty dealt with invasions from nomadic groups in the North who werenomadic groups in the North who were attracted by the wealth of the settled andattracted by the wealth of the settled and the agriculture success of China.the agriculture success of China. Each invader who successfully conqueredEach invader who successfully conquered China adopted Chinese bureaucracy andChina adopted Chinese bureaucracy and traditiontradition
- 7. Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven The Mandate of Heaven is based on four principles:The Mandate of Heaven is based on four principles: The right to rule is granted by Heaven.The right to rule is granted by Heaven. There is only one Heaven therefore there can be only one ruler.There is only one Heaven therefore there can be only one ruler. The right to rule is based on the virtue of the ruler.The right to rule is based on the virtue of the ruler. The right to rule is not limited to one dynasty.The right to rule is not limited to one dynasty. Here are some of the ways these principles converted into action and justification: Here are some of the ways these principles converted into action and justification: It gives the ruler prestige and religious importance.It gives the ruler prestige and religious importance. It gives the ruler supreme power.It gives the ruler supreme power. It allows a new ruler to gain power quickly if the people believe he has the 'MandateIt allows a new ruler to gain power quickly if the people believe he has the 'Mandate of Heaven'.of Heaven'. A ruler's power must be kept in check by virtue (He or She has to be honest).A ruler's power must be kept in check by virtue (He or She has to be honest). The Mandate of Heaven justifies rebellion as long as the rebellion is successful.The Mandate of Heaven justifies rebellion as long as the rebellion is successful. Simply because it was successful, obviously then, the new ruler had to have had aSimply because it was successful, obviously then, the new ruler had to have had a Mandate from Heaven.Mandate from Heaven.
- 8. Chinese Dynasties:Chinese Dynasties: Common TrendsCommon Trends Each dynasty used the same type ofEach dynasty used the same type of bureaucratic structure, the civil servicebureaucratic structure, the civil service examination, the scholar official,examination, the scholar official, Confucianism as the basis for educationConfucianism as the basis for education and elite selection, the development ofand elite selection, the development of successful economies, and the trend ofsuccessful economies, and the trend of unification and reunification.unification and reunification.
- 9. The Han DynastyThe Han Dynasty
- 10. Han Dynasty 206 B.C.-220 A.D.Han Dynasty 206 B.C.-220 A.D. A period of progress and prosperity in ChinaA period of progress and prosperity in China The Han Dynasty great expands the Chinese empireThe Han Dynasty great expands the Chinese empire using a very strong armyusing a very strong army Government policies based on Confucian ideals andGovernment policies based on Confucian ideals and centralized bureaucracy and the belief that governmentcentralized bureaucracy and the belief that government should be run by educated, ethical menshould be run by educated, ethical men Han Dynasty and Roman Empire existed at the sameHan Dynasty and Roman Empire existed at the same time and traded through the silk roadtime and traded through the silk road
- 11. Fall of Han DynastyFall of Han Dynasty Fell because of it’s own successFell because of it’s own success Growing populationGrowing population The financial difficulties brought on byThe financial difficulties brought on by increasing wealthincreasing wealth RivalriesRivalries Ever more complex political institutionEver more complex political institution
- 12. Results of the FallResults of the Fall China experiences a 300 year period ofChina experiences a 300 year period of disunitydisunity Several warring states tried to take control ofSeveral warring states tried to take control of China with little successChina with little success The belief system of Confucianism began toThe belief system of Confucianism began to loose its popularity to Buddhismloose its popularity to Buddhism Major technological advances were madeMajor technological advances were made Gunpowder, etc.Gunpowder, etc.
- 13. From Confucianism toFrom Confucianism to BuddhismBuddhism Buddhism became very influential during theBuddhism became very influential during the three hundred years of disunity following the fallthree hundred years of disunity following the fall of the Han Dynasty.of the Han Dynasty. Buddhism offered an explanation of why humansBuddhism offered an explanation of why humans suffered and offered a relief from the suffering ofsuffered and offered a relief from the suffering of the Chinese people.the Chinese people. Confucianism focused more on the ethics andConfucianism focused more on the ethics and morals of human character and did not take intomorals of human character and did not take into consideration times of disunity and sufferingconsideration times of disunity and suffering