![• Nasals
These are consonants formed by blocking the oral passage and
allowing the air to escape through the nose.
[m,n,ŋ]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/manners-voicing-200909032552/85/Manners-voicing-6-320.jpg)
![• Sibilants
Sibilance is an acoustic characteristic of fricative and
affricate consonants of higher amplitude and pitch, made by directing a
stream of air with the tongue towards the sharp edge of the teeth, which
are held close together; consonant that are produced by using sibilance
are called sibilants.
[s] [z] [ʃ] [tʃ] [dʒ] [ʒ] hissing sounds](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/manners-voicing-200909032552/85/Manners-voicing-7-320.jpg)
![• Liquids
Consonant sounds in which the tongue produces a partial
closure in the mouth, resulting in a resonant, vowel-like
consonant. [l] [r]
[l] is a lateral liquid because during its production the flow of
air is redirected around the tongue and toward the sides of
the mouth before exiting through the lips.
[r] is a retroflex liquid because it is produced with the tip of
the tongue curled back toward the hard palate and the air
escapes through the central part of the tongue](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/manners-voicing-200909032552/85/Manners-voicing-8-320.jpg)
![• Flaps
Consonants produced by a flick of the tongue against
the alveolar ridge. In American English there is one
flap consonant sound.
[ɾ] better, butter](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/manners-voicing-200909032552/85/Manners-voicing-9-320.jpg)
![Voicing
Voiceless sounds
are uttered without
vibration of the vocal
cords.
In English, for
example, [b] is
voiced, whereas [p] is
voiceless.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/manners-voicing-200909032552/85/Manners-voicing-12-320.jpg)
![VOICELESS VOICED
[P] [b]
sports, purple, pan, please, help, grape Ball, baptism, book, web, back, noble
[t] [d]
Time, table, might, ten, hit, white, baked,
eight
Dog, dark, doubt, modern, dish, window,
red, adding, guide
[k] [g]
Came, tricks, king, pink, black, kill, cat,
baker, cold, October, attic, queen, equal,
orchid
Give, glued, together, go, good, August,
Drag, foggy, exotic [IgzátIk]
[f] [V]
find, rough, five, gulf, off, hyphen, first,
family, fifty, raffle, phone, nymph, roughly,
tough
Vote, very, never, nerve, vanilla, seven,
five](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/manners-voicing-200909032552/85/Manners-voicing-13-320.jpg)
![VOICELESS VOICED
[s] [l]
Saw, lace, sir, miss, books, sit, assistance, thesis,
center, December, scissors, message, ice,
psychology, six, house
Lap, late, lonely, sling, look, hello, cool, eleven,
fall
[h] [m]
Her, hero, mishap, heat, hot Me, made, remember, humid, lamb, compliment,
May, ma’am, summer
[θ] [n]
Three, method, thirsty, path, thick, breath,
nothing
Not, green , none, no, sunny, knife, wound,
Sunday, sign , fine
[ʃ] [r]
Ship, she, mushroom, sure, shop, shelter, pressure Rose, round, forever, zero
[tʃ] [j]
Chair, lecture, cheers, watch, cheat, check,
picture
You, beyond, beautiful, yet, yellow, unite](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/manners-voicing-200909032552/85/Manners-voicing-14-320.jpg)
![VOICED
[w]
was, power, one, wound, war,
[ð]
this, breathe, bathe, them
[ʒ]
measure, massage, usual, dangerous, pleasure,
[dʒ]
joy, judge, imagine, jump, gentle, rigid, cage, bridge, change,
[ŋ]
bring, sing, nothing, ring, spring, pink,
[z]
zeal, zero, zebra, jazz, dishes](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/manners-voicing-200909032552/85/Manners-voicing-15-320.jpg)
![/r / - voiced post-alveolar
liquid
/l/ -voiced alveolar liquid
/ʔ/ voiceless glottal stop
cotton,
[ɾ] voiced alveolar flap](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/manners-voicing-200909032552/85/Manners-voicing-21-320.jpg)
Manners voicing
- 2. Stops (Plosives) A complete closure at some point in the vocal tract, behind which the air pressure builds up and can be released with a sudden burst (explosion) /p, b, t, d, k, g/.
- 3. Affricates Articulated with firm closure of mouth followed by a slow release. /tʃ/ /dʒ/
- 4. • Fricatives Fricatives are produced with frictional passage of air though a narrow opening that is made using the lips, teeth, and tongue. /f, v, Ɵ, ð, h, z, s /
- 5. Semi Vowels These are also consonants articulated with an open approximation. They are vowel like in quality and function like consonants. /j/ and /w/
- 6. • Nasals These are consonants formed by blocking the oral passage and allowing the air to escape through the nose. [m,n,ŋ]
- 7. • Sibilants Sibilance is an acoustic characteristic of fricative and affricate consonants of higher amplitude and pitch, made by directing a stream of air with the tongue towards the sharp edge of the teeth, which are held close together; consonant that are produced by using sibilance are called sibilants. [s] [z] [ʃ] [tʃ] [dʒ] [ʒ] hissing sounds
- 8. • Liquids Consonant sounds in which the tongue produces a partial closure in the mouth, resulting in a resonant, vowel-like consonant. [l] [r] [l] is a lateral liquid because during its production the flow of air is redirected around the tongue and toward the sides of the mouth before exiting through the lips. [r] is a retroflex liquid because it is produced with the tip of the tongue curled back toward the hard palate and the air escapes through the central part of the tongue
- 9. • Flaps Consonants produced by a flick of the tongue against the alveolar ridge. In American English there is one flap consonant sound. [ɾ] better, butter
- 10. Voicing
- 11. Voicing refers to whether or not the vocal cords are vibrating. Speech sounds can be described as either voiceless (also called unvoiced) or voiced. Voiced sounds are produced with vibration of the vocal cords. All vowels are voiced, but consonants may be either voiced or voiceless.
- 12. Voicing Voiceless sounds are uttered without vibration of the vocal cords. In English, for example, [b] is voiced, whereas [p] is voiceless.
- 13. VOICELESS VOICED [P] [b] sports, purple, pan, please, help, grape Ball, baptism, book, web, back, noble [t] [d] Time, table, might, ten, hit, white, baked, eight Dog, dark, doubt, modern, dish, window, red, adding, guide [k] [g] Came, tricks, king, pink, black, kill, cat, baker, cold, October, attic, queen, equal, orchid Give, glued, together, go, good, August, Drag, foggy, exotic [IgzátIk] [f] [V] find, rough, five, gulf, off, hyphen, first, family, fifty, raffle, phone, nymph, roughly, tough Vote, very, never, nerve, vanilla, seven, five
- 14. VOICELESS VOICED [s] [l] Saw, lace, sir, miss, books, sit, assistance, thesis, center, December, scissors, message, ice, psychology, six, house Lap, late, lonely, sling, look, hello, cool, eleven, fall [h] [m] Her, hero, mishap, heat, hot Me, made, remember, humid, lamb, compliment, May, ma’am, summer [θ] [n] Three, method, thirsty, path, thick, breath, nothing Not, green , none, no, sunny, knife, wound, Sunday, sign , fine [ʃ] [r] Ship, she, mushroom, sure, shop, shelter, pressure Rose, round, forever, zero [tʃ] [j] Chair, lecture, cheers, watch, cheat, check, picture You, beyond, beautiful, yet, yellow, unite
- 15. VOICED [w] was, power, one, wound, war, [ð] this, breathe, bathe, them [ʒ] measure, massage, usual, dangerous, pleasure, [dʒ] joy, judge, imagine, jump, gentle, rigid, cage, bridge, change, [ŋ] bring, sing, nothing, ring, spring, pink, [z] zeal, zero, zebra, jazz, dishes
- 17. / d/ - voiced alveolar stop / t/ - voiceless alveolar stop (plosive) / b/ - voiced bilabial stop /p/ - voiceless bilabial stop (plosive)
- 18. / k/ - voiceless velar stop (plosive) / g/ - voiced velar stop /f/ - voiceless labio-dental fricative /v/ - voiced labio-dental fricative /Ɵ/ - voiceless dental/interdental fricative /ð/ - voiced dental/interdental fricative
- 19. •/s/ - voiceless alveolar fricative •/z/ - voiced alveolar fricative •/ ʃ / - voiceless palatal fricative •/ ʒ / - voiced palatal fricative •/h/ - voiceless glottal fricative •/tʃ/ - voiceless palatal affricate
- 20. • /dʒ/ - voiced palatal affricate • /m/ - voiced bilabial nasal • /n/ - voiced alveolar nasal • /Ƞ/ - voiced velar nasal • /j/ - voiced palatal glide • /w/ - voiced bilabial glide
- 21. /r / - voiced post-alveolar liquid /l/ -voiced alveolar liquid /ʔ/ voiceless glottal stop cotton, [ɾ] voiced alveolar flap