Market segmentation involves dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers based on characteristics like needs, behaviors, or attributes. Effective segmentation requires groups to be heterogeneous, measurable, accessible, and profitable. Benefits include identifying profitable markets, specializing marketing efforts, efficiently allocating resources, and monitoring market changes. The segmentation process involves surveying buyers, analyzing data to profile groups, and identifying variables like geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral factors to distinguish segments. Common segmentation variables for consumer markets are described for each factor.