mass transfer operation include in chemical engineering
- 1. Basic processes in Mass Transfer a presentation by Pankaj16001005024
- 2. Introduction to Mass Transfer Mass transfer is the net movement of mass from one location, usually meaning stream, phase, fraction or component, to another. Mass transfer occurs in many processes, such as absorption, evaporation, drying, precipitation, membrane filtration, and distillation. Mass transfer is used by different scientific disciplines for different processes and mechanisms.
- 3. Applications of masstrasnfer : Distillation Crystallisation Extraction Absorption
- 4. Distillation:- Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components of the mixture. In either case the process exploits differences in the
- 5. Types of distillations Simple distillations Steam distillation Fractional distillation Vacuum distillation Zone distillation
- 7. Fractional distillation Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the compound will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate. Generally the component parts have boiling points that differ by less than 25 °C from each other under a pressure of
- 10. Simple distillation:- Simple distillation may be used when the boiling points of two liquid are signficantly different from eachother or to seprate liquid from solid or non volatilecomponents.in simple distillation,a mixture is heated to change the most volatile component from a liquid into vapour.the vapour rises and passesinto condenser.usually condenser is colled to promote
- 11. Crystallization ( )Crystallization is the natural or artificial process ,by which a solid forms where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a .structure known as a crystal Some of the ways by which crystals form are precipitating , ,from a solution melting or more rarely .deposition directly from a gas Attributes of the resulting crystal depend largely on factors , ,such as temperature air pressure and in the ,case of liquid crystals time of fluid .evaporation
- 13. Application of crystallisation Purification of salt from sea water In the pharmaceutical industry, a purification and separation process for the isolation and synthesis of pure active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) Sepration of crysatal of Alum(fitkari) from impure samples
- 14. Absorption In chemistry, absorption is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a process in which atoms, molecules or ions enter some bulk phase – liquid or solid material. This is a different process from adsorption, since molecules undergoing absorption are taken up by the volume, not by the surface (as in the case for adsorption). A more general term is sorption, which covers absorption, adsorption, and ion exchange. Absorption is a condition in which
- 16. Applications It is used in purification of organic compound specially in chromotography In removal of CO2 using membrane gas absorption It is used in Gas detectors,for safe operation of plant
- 17. . Extraction Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting in the separation of a substance from a matrix. It includes Liquid-liquid extraction, and Solid phase extraction. The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory. This is based on exactly how the analyte move from the water into an organic layer. There exist several types of extraction, including: liquid–liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, acid-base extraction
- 18. Fig;-Extraction