Math and chamistry
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This document provides an overview of the history of mathematics. It discusses early mathematical texts from ancient Babylonia, Egypt, and China. It then outlines the major developments in mathematics by ancient Greek mathematicians, Islamic mathematicians such as Al-Khwarizmi, and Indian mathematicians. The document notes that modern mathematics began with the Pythagoreans in ancient Greece and was further developed through early Islamic civilization and the European Renaissance. Key contributions included the introduction of deductive reasoning in ancient Greece, the development of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system and algebra in Islamic mathematics, and new discoveries in the 16th century interacting with science.
![In mathematics, physics, and
engineering, a Euclidean vector
(sometimes called a geometric[1] or
spatial vector,[2] or – as here – simply
a vector) is a geometric object that has
both a magnitude (or length) and
direction. A vector is what is needed to
"carry" the point A to the point B; the
Latin word vector means "one who
carries".[3] The magnitude of the vector
is the distance between the two points
and the direction refers to the direction of
displacement from A to B. Many
algebraic operations on real numbers
such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and negation have close
analogues for vectors, operations which
obey the familiar algebraic laws of
commutativity, associativity, and
distributivity.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mathandchamistry-200211055632/85/Math-and-chamistry-13-320.jpg)
![History of mathematics
The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an
investigation into the origin of discoveries in mathematics and, to a lesser
extent, an investigation into the mathematical methods and notation of the
past.
Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written
examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few
locales. The most ancient mathematical texts available are Plimpton 322
(Babylonian mathematics c. 1900 BC),[2] the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus
(Egyptian mathematics c. 2000-1800 BC)[3] and the Moscow Mathematical
Papyrus (Egyptian mathematics c. 1890 BC). All of these texts concern the so-
called Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and
widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mathandchamistry-200211055632/85/Math-and-chamistry-15-320.jpg)
![The study of mathematics as a subject in its own right begins in the 6th
century BC with the Pythagoreans, who coined the term "mathematics"
from the ancient Greek μάθημα (mathema), meaning "subject of
instruction".[4] Greek mathematics greatly refined the methods
(especially through the introduction of deductive reasoning](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mathandchamistry-200211055632/85/Math-and-chamistry-16-320.jpg)
![and mathematical rigor in proofs)
and expanded the subject matter of
mathematics.[5] Chinese
mathematics made early
contributions, including a place
value system.[6][7] The Hindu-
Arabic numeral system and the
rules for the use of its operations,
in use throughout the world today,
likely evolved over the course of t
he](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mathandchamistry-200211055632/85/Math-and-chamistry-17-320.jpg)
![Islamic mathematics through the
work of Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-
Khwārizmī.[8][9] Islamic
mathematics, in turn, developed
and expanded the mathematics
known to these civilizations.[10]
Many Greek and Arabic texts on
mathematics were then translated
into Latin, which led to further first
millennium AD in India and were](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mathandchamistry-200211055632/85/Math-and-chamistry-18-320.jpg)
Math and chamistry
- 5. Introduction Historical background DATA PRESTATION DESIGN OF STUDY SUMMARY SUGESTION CONCLUSION BIBILOGRAPHYS
- 7. 1. “Education should be started with mathematics. For it forms well designed brains that are able to reason right. It is even admitted that those who have studied mathematics during their childhood should be trusted, for they have acquired solid bases for arguing which become to them a sort of second nature”. Bin Kaduna, al-Muqaddima (born in 1332, Tunis), historian, sociologist, philosopher Strongest personalities of Arabo-Muslim culture in the period of its deline. 2. “Dieu a utilise de merveilleuses mathematiques en creant le monde”. Paul Dirac (Born 08 August 1902, Bristol) Theoretical Physicist.
- 8. For a Chocolate cake: 5 eggs,3/4 cup of sugar, 1/2 cup of vegetable oil,...
- 11. With some good understanding of simple and compound interest, you can manage the way your money grows.
- 12. The mathematics of general relativity are very complex. In Newton's theories of motions, an object's length and the rate of passage of time remain constant as it changes speed. As a result, many problems in Newtonian mechanics can be solved with algebra alone. In relativity, on the other hand, length, and the passage of time change as an object's speed approaches the speed of light. The additional variables greatly complicate calculations of an object's motion. As a result, relativity requires the use of vectors, tensors, pseudo tensors, curvilinear coordinates and many other complicated mathematical concepts. For an introduction based on the specific physical example of particles orbiting a large mass in circular orbits, see Newtonian motivations for general relativity for a nonrelativistic treatment and Theoretical motivation for general relativity for a fully relativistic treatment.
- 13. In mathematics, physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector (sometimes called a geometric[1] or spatial vector,[2] or – as here – simply a vector) is a geometric object that has both a magnitude (or length) and direction. A vector is what is needed to "carry" the point A to the point B; the Latin word vector means "one who carries".[3] The magnitude of the vector is the distance between the two points and the direction refers to the direction of displacement from A to B. Many algebraic operations on real numbers such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and negation have close analogues for vectors, operations which obey the familiar algebraic laws of commutativity, associativity, and distributivity.
- 14. Tensors • A tensor extends the concept of a vector to additional dimensions. A scalar, that is, a simple set of numbers without direction, would be shown on a graph as a point, a zero- dimensional object. A vector, which has a magnitude and direction, would appear on a graph as a line, which is a one- dimensional object. A tensor extends this concept to additional dimensions. A two dimensional tensor would be called a second order tensor. This can be viewed as a set of related vectors, moving in multiple directions on a plane.
- 15. History of mathematics The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of discoveries in mathematics and, to a lesser extent, an investigation into the mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. The most ancient mathematical texts available are Plimpton 322 (Babylonian mathematics c. 1900 BC),[2] the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (Egyptian mathematics c. 2000-1800 BC)[3] and the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus (Egyptian mathematics c. 1890 BC). All of these texts concern the so- called Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry
- 16. The study of mathematics as a subject in its own right begins in the 6th century BC with the Pythagoreans, who coined the term "mathematics" from the ancient Greek μάθημα (mathema), meaning "subject of instruction".[4] Greek mathematics greatly refined the methods (especially through the introduction of deductive reasoning
- 17. and mathematical rigor in proofs) and expanded the subject matter of mathematics.[5] Chinese mathematics made early contributions, including a place value system.[6][7] The Hindu- Arabic numeral system and the rules for the use of its operations, in use throughout the world today, likely evolved over the course of t he
- 18. Islamic mathematics through the work of Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al- Khwārizmī.[8][9] Islamic mathematics, in turn, developed and expanded the mathematics known to these civilizations.[10] Many Greek and Arabic texts on mathematics were then translated into Latin, which led to further first millennium AD in India and were
- 19. transmitted to the west via development of mathematics in medieval Europe. From ancient times through the Middle Ages, bursts of mathematical creativity were often followed by centuries
- 20. of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an increasing pace that continues through the present day.
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- 25. ASK.COM MAGZINE BOOKS OF 9 AND 10 BY P.D.F. FILE BY SEEING ONLINE PRESENTATION WIKIPEDIA BOOK.COM BY FRIEND,TEACHER AND PARENTS HELP