MATLAB ARRAYS

About :
 Arrays , Matlab operator
 Graphics
 Fundamentals Simulink
 Data visualization
Presented by:
 ADITYA CHOUDHURY
 140101ecr021

Arrays:
Arrays and Matrix Operations:
1) >> [1, 3, 5; 2, 4, 6; 7, 7, 7] 3) >> A = zeros(2, 4 )
ans = 1 3 5 A = 0 0 0 0
2 4 6 0 0 0 0
7 7 7
2) >>A = zeros(2) 4) >> A = ones(3, 2)
A = 0 0 A = 1 1
0 0 1 1
1 1

5) >> A = rand(2,5) 7) >> eye(4,3)
A = 0.9501 0.6068 0.8913 0.4565 0.8214 ans = 1 0 0
0.2311 0.4860 0.7621 0.0185 0.4447 0 1 0
• 0 0 1
6) >> eye(3) 0 0 0
ans = 1 0 0 8) A = eye(3,4,5)
0 1 0 ??? Error using ==> eye
0 0 1 Too many input arguments.

Accessing Elements of an Array:
ex: >> A = [1 3 5; 2 4 6; 3 5 7]
1 3 5
2 4 6
3 5 7
>> A(2,3)
ans =6
>> A(1:2:9)
ans = 1 5 4 5 3 7
>> A(2,:)
ans = 2 4 6

Expanding the Size of an Array:
1) >> A = [3 5 7] 3) >> A = [3 5 7];
A = 3 5 7 >> B = [2 4];
>> A = [A 9] >> C = [A; B]
A = 3 5 7 9 ??? Error using
*All rows in the bracketed expression must have the same number of columns
2)>> A = [3 5 7];
>> B = [1 3 5];
>> C = [A; B]
C = 3 5 7
1 3 5

Deleting Array Element:
>> A = [3 5 7];
>> A(2) = []
A = 3 7
>> A = [1 3 5; 2 4 6]
A = 1 3 5
2 4 6
>> A(2,3) = []
??? Indexed empty matrix assignment is not allowed
>> A = [1 3 5; 2 4 6]
A = 1 3 5
2 4 6 >> A(2,:) = [] A = 1 3 5
You cannot remove a single
element from a multidimensional
array, since the array would no
longer be conforman

Array Addition:
A = [1 3 5] and B = [10 12 14]
[A(1) + B(1) A(2) + B(2) A(3) + B(3)] = [11 15 19]
>> C = [1,3,5]
C = 1 3 5
>> D = [2,4,6;3,5,7]
D = 2 4 6
3 5 7
>> C + D
??? Error using ==> +
Matrix dimensions must agree.

Array Right Division:
>> A = [2, 4, 6] A = 2 4 6
>> B = [2, 2, 2] B = 2 2 2
>> A./B ans = 1 2 3
Array Left Division:
>> A.B
ans = 1.0000 0.5000 0.3333
Array Exponentiation:
>> A = [2, 3, 4] A = 2 3 4
>> B = [3, 2, 0.5] B = 3.0000 2.0000 0.5000
>> A.^B ans = 8 9 2

UNARY MATRIX OPERATIONS: *Assume matrix A for example
Transpose: A'
Determinant: det(A)
Inverse: inv(A)
Matrix Exponentiation: A^2
ARRAY FUNCTIONS:
Ndims: A = ones(2,3,2); >> ndims(A) ans = 3 *NOTE
Size: >> A = zeros(2,3,2,4); >> size(A) ans = 2 3 2 4
Diag: >> A = [1 3 5; 2 4 6; 0 2 4] >> diag(A) ans = 1
4
4
>> diag(A,1)
ans = 3
6
>> diag(A,-1)
ans = 2
2
The size
function
returns the
length of each
dimension

Length: >> A = [1 3; 2 4; 0 2]; >> length(A) ans = 3 Note:
sort :>> A = [4 2 3 9 1 2]; >> sort(A) ans = 1 2 2 3 4 9
>> A = [5 0 4; 2 2 1] A = 5 0 4
2 2 1
>> sort(A) ans = 2 0 1
5 2 4
>> A = [5 0 4; 2 2 1] A = 5 0 4
2 2 1
>> sort(A,2)
ans = 0 4 5
1 2 2
The length function returns the
length of the largest dimension
of an array

Relational operators: logical operators:
Equality ==
Not equal ~=
>
<
>=
<=
Element-wise:
AND, OR, and NOT.
&, |, and ~
Short-circuit
AND and OR.
&& and ||

clc
clear all
close all
x=[5 6 9 2]
y=[3 5 6 2]
less=x<y
lesseq=x<=y
greater=x>y
greatereq=x>=y
equal=x==y
notequal=x~=y
output:
x = 5 6 9 2
y = 3 5 6 2
less = 0 0 0 0
lesseq = 0 0 0 1
greater = 1 1 1 0
greatereq = 1 1 1 1
equal = 0 0 0 1
notequal = 1 1 1 0
clc
clear all
close all
x=[0 0 1 1]
y=[0 1 0 1]
andgate= (x>=1)&(y>=1)
orgate= (x>=1)|(y>=1)
nandgate=~((x>=1)&(y>=1))
norgate= ~((x>=1)|(y>=1))
output:
x = 0 0 1 1
y = 0 1 0 1
andgate = 0 0 0 1
orgate = 0 1 1 1
nandgate = 1 1 1 0
norgate = 1 0 0 0

2D Plots: You can use functions such as
plot
stem
polar
Compass
Loglog
semilogx
semilogy
area
fill
pie ,hist, stairs
x = -1 : 0.1 : 1.5;
y1 = cos(x);
y2 = x.^2 - 1;
plot(x, y1, 'b', x, y2, 'r.-')
title('Two 2D Plots in the same Window')
legend('y_1 = cos(x)', 'y_2 = x^2 - 1')
xlabel('x')
ylabel('y')

Subplot: display multiple plots in the same window
Multiple Graphs :

Plotting Specifiers:
Specifier LineStyle
'-' Solid line (default)
'--' Dashed line
':' Dotted line
'-.' Dash-dot line
Specifier Color
r Red
g Green
b Blue
c Cyan
m Magenta
y Yellow
k Black
w White

3D Plot:
You can use functions such as:
mesh – Draw mesh plot (wireframe)
surf – Draw shaded mesh plots
contour – Draw contour plots
plot3 – 3-D Line plot
U = -5 : 0.2 : 5;
V = -6 : 0.2 : 6;
[x, y] = meshgrid(U, V);
z = cos(x) .* cos(y) .* exp(-sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2) / 20);
surf(x, y, z)

Printing and Saving:
print Print figure or save to specific file format
saveas Save figure to specific file format
getframe Capture axes or figure as movie frame
savefig Save figure and contents to FIG-file
openfig Open figure saved in FIG-file
orient Paper orientation for printing or saving
hgexport Export figure
printopt Configure printer defaults

Simulink:
INTRODUCTION
• The Matlab software contain a program known as Simulink.
• The Simulink is taken form the word Simulation which means to represent a
system using another system that has identical behavior or characteristics to real
world system.
• The Simulink program is used for the formation various models graphically.

MATLAB ARRAYS

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