Mdg
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The document provides an overview of an economics project on the Millennium Development Goals. It discusses what the MDGs are, the 8 specific goals to reduce poverty, hunger, disease, and more by 2015, and provides statistics on current progress and challenges. It also covers criticisms of the MDGs for being too ambitious and not accounting for country differences, as well as strategies like economic growth, education investment, and women's empowerment to help accelerate progress toward the goals.
![GOAL 1:
ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND
HUNGER
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Target 1A: Halve the proportion of people living on less than $1 a day
• Proportion of population below $1 per day (PPP values)
• Poverty gap ratio [incidence x depth of poverty]
• Share of poorest quintile in national consumption
Target 1B: Achieve Decent Employment for Women, Men, and Young
People
• GDP Growth per Employed Person
• Employment Rate
• Proportion of employed population below $1 per day (PPP values)
• Proportion of family-based workers in employed population
Target 1C: Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
• Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age
• Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy
consumption](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mdg-130303103349-phpapp01/85/Mdg-8-320.jpg)
![GOAL 6:
COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA,
AND OTHER DISEASES
Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
• HIV prevalence among population aged 15–24 years
• Condom use at last high-risk sex
• Proportion of population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of
HIV/AIDS
Target 6B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those
who need it
• Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs
Target 6C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other
major diseases
• Prevalence and death rates associated with malaria
• Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets
• Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-malarial
drugs
• Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis
• Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment
Short Course)[18]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mdg-130303103349-phpapp01/85/Mdg-20-320.jpg)
Mdg
- 1. ECONOMICS PROJECT Name : Rasika R Jarande Std : S.Y.B.com “D” Roll No. : 408 Topic : Millennium Development Goals Semester : 4 College : Birla College of Arts Science And Commerce
- 2. KEY TOPICS • What are the MDGs? • Why are MDGs important ? • Which are the 8 MDGs & What is their current status ? • Critics of MDGs • Strategies and policies for MDGs acceleration
- 4. THE MILLENNIUM PROMISE We will spare no efforts to spare our fellow men women and children from the abject and dehumanizing conditions of extreme poverty , to which more than a billion of them are currently subjected.” - Millennium declaration, September 2000
- 5. WHAT ARE MDGS ? • MDGs are a set of targets of a quantitative nature that are time bound and express key elements of human development. • The Millennium development goals are international development goals that 192 united nations member states and about 23 international organizations have to achieve by the year 2015. • These goals have been derived from the international development targets adopted at the millennium summit in 2000. In the millennium summit on 8th September 2000, 189 leaders adopted Millennium Declaration
- 6. WHY ARE MDGS IMPORTANT ? • They represent the worlds shared development agenda. • They are quantified and time bound • They are the best idea for focusing the world on fighting global poverty that I’ve ever seen. With all the mountains of measure and studies and reports in the world- these Millennium Development Goals have broken through and grabbed broad attention - Bill Gates, Sep. 25, 2008 at the General Assembly
- 7. WHICH ARE THE 8 MDGS ?
- 8. GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1A: Halve the proportion of people living on less than $1 a day • Proportion of population below $1 per day (PPP values) • Poverty gap ratio [incidence x depth of poverty] • Share of poorest quintile in national consumption Target 1B: Achieve Decent Employment for Women, Men, and Young People • GDP Growth per Employed Person • Employment Rate • Proportion of employed population below $1 per day (PPP values) • Proportion of family-based workers in employed population Target 1C: Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger • Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age • Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption
- 9. GENERAL POVERTY STATISTICS 2011: • 24,000 people die each day from hunger and hunger related diseases and 14,000 are children. • One billion are illiterate; close to 3 million are illiterate in the USA. • 270 million children don't have access to health care. 1.6 billion don't have electricity. • 2.6 billion don't have access to sanitation • . 2 billion people of which 400 million are children don't have access to clean drinking water or lack access to sufficient quantities of clean water to meet daily needs. • 300 million in Africa risk drinking dirty water on a daily basis. • Number of children in the world 2.2 billion; number living in poverty 1 billion. 640 million children live in inadequate shelter. • Half the world has a life expectance over 70; the other half a life expectancy under 55. • One trillion per year would eliminate global avoidable mortality. • 60% of these deaths are children under 5.
- 10. GENERAL POVERTY STATISTICS 2011: • The world population is about 7 billion up from 6.5 billion in 2007. • Expected to reach 9 billion by 2025. • Poverty in the European Union is one in seven. • Poverty in the USA is one in six. • One in five workers worldwide live in extreme poverty of less than $1.25 per person a day in 2009. • The economic downturn has added an estimated 40 million workers to this category. • For the first time in history, half the population lives in cities. • Half the world live on less than $2.50 a day; 80% live on less than $10. • Third world countries 75% of the population live on less than $2 a day. • Number of children in the world 2.2 billion; half live in poverty. • 80% live in countries where income gaps are widening. • One in seven people worldwide are going hungry.
- 14. GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION Target 2A: By 2015, all children can complete a full course of primary schooling, girls and boys • Enrollment in primary education • Completion of primary education • everyone will get into school
- 16. GOAL 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN Target 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015 • Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education • Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector • Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament • For girls in some regions, education remains elusive • Poverty is a major barrier to education, especially among older girls • In every developing region except the CIS, men outnumber women in paid employment • Women are largely relegated to more vulnerable forms of employment • Women are over-represented in informal employment, with its lack of benefits and security • Top-level jobs still go to men — to an overwhelming degree • Women are slowly rising to political power, but mainly when boosted by quotas and other special measures
- 17. GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY RATES Target 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate • Under-five mortality rate • Infant (under 1) mortality rate • Proportion of 1-year-old children immunized against measles
- 19. GOAL 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH Target 5A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio • Maternal mortality ratio • Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel Target 5B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health • Contraceptive prevalence rate • Adolescent birth rate • Antenatal care coverage • Unmet need for family planning
- 20. GOAL 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA, AND OTHER DISEASES Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS • HIV prevalence among population aged 15–24 years • Condom use at last high-risk sex • Proportion of population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS Target 6B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it • Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs Target 6C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases • Prevalence and death rates associated with malaria • Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets • Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs • Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis • Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short Course)[18]
- 22. GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Target 7A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs; reverse loss of environmental resources Target 7B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss • Proportion of land area covered by forest • CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP) • Consumption of ozone-depleting substances • Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits • Proportion of total water resources used • Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected • Proportion of species threatened with extinction Target 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation (for more information see the entry on water supply) • Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source, urban and rural • Proportion of urban population with access to improved sanitation Target 7D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum-dwellers • Proportion of urban population living in slums
- 23. GOAL 8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT Target 8A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non- discriminatory trading and financial system • Includes a commitment to good governance, development, and poverty reduction – both nationally and internationally Target 8B: Address the Special Needs of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) • Includes: tariff and quota free access for LDC exports; enhanced programme of debt relief for HIPC and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous ODA (Official Development Assistance) for countries committed to poverty reduction Target 8C: Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States • Through the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly
- 24. GOAL 8: CONTINUED….. Target 8D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term • Some of the indicators listed below are monitored separately for the least developed countries (LDCs), Africa, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States. Official development assistance (ODA): • Net ODA, total and to LDCs, as percentage of OECD/DAC donors’ GNI • Proportion of total sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation) • Proportion of bilateral ODA of OECD/DAC donors that is untied • ODA received in landlocked countries as proportion of their GNIs • ODA received in small island developing States as proportion of their GNIs
- 25. GOAL 8: CONTINUED….. Market access: • Proportion of total developed country imports (by value and excluding arms) from developing countries and from LDCs, admitted free of duty • Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural products and textiles and clothing from developing countries • Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as percentage of their GDP • Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity Debt sustainability: • Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC decision points and number that have reached their HIPC completion points (cumulative) • Debt relief committed under HIPC initiative, US$ • Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services
- 26. GOAL 8: CONTINUED….. Target 8E: In co-operation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable, essential drugs in developing countries • Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on a sustainable basis Target 8F: In co-operation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications • Telephone lines and cellular subscribers per 100 population • Personal computers in use per 100 population • Internet users per 100 Population[
- 31. Perceived by many developing countries primarily as a “top- down” initiative Not all goals have clear numerical targets consensus on how progress towards the targets should be No measured One-size fits all is inappropriate for countries at different levels of development Only a subset of development issues emerging from global conferences is included Some elements of the MD are not included Some goals are too ambitious Little or no consideration given to their implications or feasibility at the regional or country level
- 32. STRATEGIES AND POLICIES FOR MDGS ACCELERATION • Supporting country led development and effective governance • Fostering inclusive and pro-poor economic growth. • Increasing public investment in education health water sanitation and infrastructure. • Scaling up targeted interventions including social protections and employment programmes. • Investing in expanded oppourtunitiesfor women and girls and advancing their ceonomic legal and political empowerment. • Enhancing access to energy and promoting low carbon development. • Accelerating domestic resource mobilisation to finance the MDGs
- 33. CONCLUSION Meeting MDG commitment is not only a moral imperative, but reflects a mutual interest to live in a stable and prosperous world.