![Calculation of HDI
1.Life Expectancy Index(LEI) =(LE-20)/(85-20)
2.Educational Index(EI)=(MYSI+EYSI)/2
-Mean Years of Schooling Index=MYS/15
-Expected Years of Schooling Index=EYS/18
3.Income Index(II)=[In(GNIpc)-In(100)]/[In(75000)-In(100)]
HDI=3 /(LEI*EI*II)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/humandevelopmentindex1-180906075950/85/Human-development-index-1-2-5-320.jpg)
Human development index 1.2
- 2. What is Human Development Index? -It is the statistics of the life expectancy ,education and per capita income indicators, used into four tries of human development. -When Lifespan,Education level and GDP per capita is higher the country scores higher HDI.
- 3. Origin of HDI -Developed by Indian Economist Amartya Sen and Pakistani Economist Mahbub Ul Haq. -It was further used to measure the countries developed by United Nations Development Program(UNDP).
- 4. Factors Consider for HDI -The Human Development Index examines three important criteria of economic development: 1)Life Expectancy 2)Education 3)Income Level -Create an overall score between 0 and 1. -1 indicates a high level of economic development, 0 a very low level.
- 5. Calculation of HDI 1.Life Expectancy Index(LEI) =(LE-20)/(85-20) 2.Educational Index(EI)=(MYSI+EYSI)/2 -Mean Years of Schooling Index=MYS/15 -Expected Years of Schooling Index=EYS/18 3.Income Index(II)=[In(GNIpc)-In(100)]/[In(75000)-In(100)] HDI=3 /(LEI*EI*II)
- 6. Measuring of HDI -The Human Development Index(HDI) ranks the countries based on their performance in the key areas of health,education and access to resources. HEALTH The indicators chosen to assess health is the life expectancy at birth. A higher life expectancy means that people have a greater chance of living longer and healthier lives.
- 7. Measuring of HDI Education The adult literacy rate and the gross enrolment ratio represent access to knowledge. The number of adult who are able to read and write and the number of children enrolled in schools show how easy or difficult it is to access knowledge in a particular country. Access to resources It is measured in terms of purchasing power(in U.S Dollars).
- 8. Drawbacks of Human Development Index -It does not shows how income is spent by the Government. -Economic welfare depends on several other factors such as threat of war,levels of population,access to clean drinking water. -The variation in life expectancy value for a country is given on an average of total population.Although many do not get access to good health care services,so there will be a variation.
- 9. Need of Human Development Index -Necessary for developing the economic welfare of a country. -Gives an overall index of Economic Development. -It gives the idea regarding areas of development which require improvement. -It focuses on social and human development rather than only capital growth.
- 10. Criticism Faced By HDI -Lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilisation. -Focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking. -Lack of attention to development from global
- 11. HDI Programme In India -Unique in it`s own kind. -Preparation of not only national report,but also sub-national human development reports(HDR). -Decentralized and integrated the human development concept into its development agenda at national,states,as well as district level. -More HDRs have been produced in India than the total number of global HDRs. -Plan is made by Planning Commission -United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) partnership through the preparation of State Human Development Reports(SHDR) and District Human Development Reports(DHDR).
- 12. HDI Programme In India 2009-The First city HDR(Mumbai) was launched. - Human Development Programme started in 8th five year plan(1992-1997). -First State Madhya Pradesh. -The World`s first state HDR was published in Madhya Pradesh in 1995. - Computation of the state`s HDI as well as HDI for all the districts in the state govt. -So far 21 states have prepared HDRs. -State Governments have initiated the work on districts HDRs for 80 districts of which 23 HDRs have been released till date.
- 13. Conclusion -The HDI gives an overall index of economic development. -There are certain differences among different states development conditions so there must be equal opportunities for development for all. -Some important issues are missing in HDI such as infrastructure and some economic factors.