Human development index 2

PRESENTED BY:-
RUPALJAIN
SIMRANKUKREJA
SHUBHAM AGRAWAL
SOMILJAIN

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Both growth and development refer to changes over a period of time.
 Growth :-
Quantitative and value neutral change .
Positive or a negative sign.
 Development :-
Qualitative change which is always value positive.
Development occurs when positive growth takes place.
For example, if the population of a city grows from one lakh to two lakhs over a
period of time, we say the city has grown.
However, if facilities like housing, provision of basic services and other
characteristics remain the same, then this growth has not been accompanied by
development.

The quality of life people enjoy in a country, the
opportunities they have and freedoms they enjoy, are
important aspectsof development.
The concept of human development was
introduced by Dr.Mahbub-ul-haq.
Dr. Haq has described human
development as development
that enlarges people’s choices
and improves theirlives.

Access to resources, health and education are the
key areas in human development.

FOUR PILLARS OF HUMAN DEVELOPEMNT
Just as any building is supported by pillars, the idea of human
development is supported by the concepts of equity, sustainability,
productivity and empowerment.
Equity refers to making equal access to opportunities available to
everybody.
means continuity in the availability ofSustainability
opportunities.
Productivity here means human labour productivity or
productivity in terms of human work.
Empowerment means to have the power to make choices.

WHAT IS HDI?
 It is a tool used to measure a country's overall
achievement in its social and economic dimensions.
Definition:-
The human development index (HDI) is a
composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per
capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries
into four tiers of human development.
The human development index is a measure of economic
development and economic welfare.

ORIGIN OFHDI
Devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub-ul- haq
in 1990.
Amartya Sen and Mahbub –ul- haq worked upon the capabilities
and functioning which provided conceptual framework.
Published by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
MAHBUB –UL- HAQ AMARTYASEN

The human development index examines three important criteria of economic
development
1) Life expectancy
2) Education
3) Income levels
Create an overall score between 0 and 1.
1 - indicates a high level of economic development.
0- avery low level.

MEASURING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
The human development index (HDI) ranks the
countries based on their performance in the key areas
of health, education and access to resources.
 Health :-
The indicator chosen to assess health is the life
expectancy at birth.
A higher life expectancy means that people have a
greater chance of living longer and healthier lives.

 Education :-
The adult literacy rate and the gross enrolment ratio
represent access toknowledge.
The number of adults who are able to read and write and the
number of children enrolled in schools show how easy or
difficult it is to access knowledge in a particular country.
 Access to resources is measured in terms of
purchasing power (in U.S.Dollars).

HDI ASPECTS OFINDIA
India ranks (2014) –135
HDI – 0.586
Gain of 0.003 HDI from previous year .
Comes under medium human development countries.
Indicators: -
 Life expectancy at birth(by UN).
Overall – 64.19 years(Rank 147).
male – 62.80 years.
Female – 65.73 years.
 Education index : 0.473 .
 Mean years ofschooling : 5.1(rank 65).
 GNI(Gross National Income)per capita at PPP : $5350
(rank 127) .

HDI PROGRAMME ININDIA
 Unique in it’skind.
 Preparation of not only national report, but also sub-national human
development reports (HDR).
 Decentralized and integrated the human development concept into its
development agenda at national, state, as well as district level .
 More HDRs have been produced in India than the total number of
global HDRs.
the Planning Commission –United Nations Plan is made by
Development Programme(UNDP) partnership through the
andpreparation of State Human Development Reports (SHDR)
District Human Development Reports (DHDR).

programme started in 8th five year Human development
plan(1992-1997).
 First state - Madhya Pradesh.
 The world’s first state HDR was published in Madhya Pradesh
in 1995 .
 Computation of the state’s HDI as well as HDI for all the
districts in the state made by state govt.
 So far 21 states have prepared HDRs.
 State governments have initiated the work on district HDRs for
80 districts of which 23 HDRs have been released till date,
 2009 -The first city HDR (Mumbai) was launched.

LIFEEXPECTANCY STATEWISE
State Life expectancy(YEARS)
Kerala 74.0
Punjab 69.4
Maharashtra 67.2
Jharkhand , Chhattisgarh ,Madhya
Pradesh
58.0

IMPORTANCE OF HDI
 The HDI gives an overall index of economic development.
 It does give a rough ability to make comparisons on issues of
economic welfare – much more than just using GDP statistics show.
 It gives idea regarding areas of development which requires
improvement.
 Statistics gives better decision making for areas having wide disparity.
 More focus on social &human development rather than only capital
accumulation and growth.

LIMITATIONS OFHDI
Wide divergence within countries. For example, countries
like China and Kenya have widely different HDI scores
depending on the region in question. (e.g. :- North china
poorer than south east).
Economic welfare depends on several other factors, such
as – threat of war, levels of pollution, access to clean
drinking water etc.
GNI does not show how the income is spent by the
government. Some countries spend more on military than
on healthcare.

When knowledge is measured it only takes into account what
children learn at school not in the family. And so maybe
knowledge statistics may be distorted if the family play more of a
role in education in the home.
Longevity can also be distorted as the life expectancy of a person
does not consider how healthy the life was led.
Life expectancy value for a country is the given is an average of
the total population. There are many communities in the
country that will not all have access to good healthcare services
and so there will be variations of life expectancy values.

This simply means material progress cannot come at the cost of
happiness. GNH encourages us to think of the spiritual, non-
material and qualitative aspects of development.

WHY INDIA IS LAGGING IN HDI ??
Large number of population in India lives in slums
that is around 158 .4million.
42 % children below 5 years age are underweight and
59 % stunted.
Low spending on education by the government.
Lack of schemes for urban poor like NRHM etc.
India treats its environment poorly . Ranks 125 out
of 132 countries in a study done by Yale university.

CONCLUSION
an overall index of economicThe HDI gives
development.
There are certain differences among different states
development conditions so there must be equal
opportunities for development for all.
Some important issues are missing in HDI such as
infrastructure and some economic factors.

Human development index 2

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Human development index 2