Measuring Triple Helix on Web

Measuring Triple Helix (TH) on WebPresented by: Dr. Junghoon MoonAuthors: GoharFeroz Khan, Junghoon Moon, & Han Woo ParkPrepared for: Triple Helix 9 International Conference (Stanford University, 11-14 July 2011)‏

Measuring knowledge-based infrastructure : MethodsThere have been many studies to measure knowledge-based infrastructureSeveral models and approaches have been proposed for measuring knowledge-based infrastructure, for example: National Innovation System (Freeman, 1987, 1988; Lundvall; 1988). Mode 1 and Mode 2 knowledge creation Mechanism (Gibbon, 1994), and Triple Helix Model (Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 1995, 2000)

Measuring knowledge-based infrastructure : SourcesMajority of the studies that measure this infra are conducted in non-Asian (i.e. English) context (LEE and JEONG (2008) And limited only to analyzing contents of written communication in English. In addition, usually, well-documented database or formal written communications, such as, patent and publications,are mainly used (e.g. Science Citation Index, which is commercial)

Approach of The StudyMethod: TH ModelData Source: Web (Korean) using WeboMetrics Method, etc. for data collectingDoes Web indicate UIG relations using Triple helix indicators well as an alternative approach? Tuig Using SCI

MethodWe employed Co-word analysis technique andTriple Helix Indicators (Leydesdorff, 2003) We analyzed the data by using the TH indicators developed by Leydesdorff (2003) based on Shannon’s information theory (Shannon, 1948; Shannon & Weaver, 1949) andT values by using a standard technique in the TH program available at http://www.leydesdorff.net/th2/index.htm.

DataData was collected from Naver.com (the most popular portal/search engine in South Korea) using WeboNaver in March 2010Naver started its service in 1998, thus we harvested the data from 1999 to 2009Search Terms with Boolean operators:“대학(dae-hawg: Univeristy)” “기업(ghi-oeup: Industry)” “정부(Jeong-bu: Government)”

Data SourcesWe collected data from five different Web sources through Naver.com:WebPages (personal web sites, commercial, etc.) BlogsOnline Café (e-communities)Knowledge-In (comparable to Yahoo answers)Media sites (News services, Broadcasting services, etc.)

Data CollectionData Collection Results, Overall: The number of hits for TH components from 1999 to 2009

ResultsLongitudinal Trends in the UIG Relationship by CategoryKey points: Blogs indicated the strongest trilateral relationship since 2004, reaching T(-0.400) in 2008Webpagesshowed large variations in the trilateral relationship, indicating several ups and downs in the relationshipNews sites indicated a consistently improving trilateral relationship since 2002, reaching to its highest point in 2009, as indicated by T values as shown in figure 1Figure 1Rho’s GovLee’s Gov

Figure 3 Strength of the bilateral and trilateral relationship in WebPagesResults: Web pagesRho’s GovLee’s GovFigure 2 Occurrence of UIG in WebPagesKey points (Figure3):The bilateral T values for U and I were the highest, indicating the important role played by Webpages in the UI relationship (Figure 3)The IG relationship was weakest between 2003 and 2007. This may be due to President Roh’s preference for the UI relationship over the IG/UIG relationshipsEvidence of some tension in the longitudinal UIG relationship in Korea are visible. For example, between 1999 and 2009, the strengthening of the bilateral UI relationship was always accompanied by the weakening of the bilateral UG and IG relationships and vice versa. Lack of coordination

Results:Knowledge-InFigure 5 Longitudinal trends in bilateral and trilateral UIG relationships forKnowledge-InRho’s GovLee’s GovFigure 4 Longitudinal trends in the occurrence of U, I, and G in titles of Knowledge–In documentsKey points: Effect of dot-com crisis is visible on UIG relations as indicated by the T values since mid-2002. In addition, the government has been implementing policies to improve this relationship, which is supported by the slight improvement in the UIG relationship and the bilateral UI relationship in 2007, when President Lee was in officeKey point:Only the term U increased noticeably since Naver started the Knowledge-In service in October 2002.

Results:BlogsFigure 6.1 Longitudinal trends in bilateral and trilateral UIG relationships for BlogsRho’s GovLee’s GovFigure 6 Longitudinal trends in the occurrence of U, I, and G in blog titlesKey points: Blogs showed the strongest trilateral relationship. The trilateral relationship remained steady throughout the 2003-2009 period.Noteworthy is the conflicting behavior of the T(ui) and T(ug) relationships. An increase (decrease) in T(ui) values was accompanied by a decrease (increase) in T(ug) values.Key point:Noteworthy is that the occurrence of U and I increased at almost the same rate since the blog service started in 2003.The occurrence of G also increased from 2003 to 2008, the last year of the Roh administration

ResultsCafeFigure 7.1 Longitudinal trends in bilateral and trilateral UIG relationships for Cafes (BBS)Rho’s GovLee’s GovFigure 7 Longitudinal trends in the occurrence of U I and G in titles of café (BBS) documentsKey points: Cafés/BBS provided the highest T(ui) values. The bilateral UI relationship peaked in 2007. The T(ui) and T (ug) values diverged beginning in 2004. An improvement in the UI relationship weakened the UG relationship and vice versa. On the other hand, the IG relationship was almost nonexistent. Finally, Cafés/BBC showed a strong trilateral relationship, but here were no large variations in the relationship.Key point: Noteworthy is that there were nearly 70,000 hits for IG between 2008 and 2009 and approximately 50,000 hits for UI, which were the highest numbers of hits across the categories for the co-occurrence of IG and UI. This may be due to the professional nature of cafes and the BBS and users’ interest in the country’s affairs and business

ResultsNewsFigure 8.1 Longitudinal trends in bilateral and trilateral UIG relationships for News sitesRho’s GovLee’s GovFigure 8 Longitudinal trends in the occurrence of U, I, and G in titles of documents on online News sitesKey points:News sites showed the strongest bilateral IG relationship in terms of the T valueNoteworthy is that an improvement in the bilateral IG relationship was accompanied by a decline in the bilateral UI relationship and vice versaKey point: Noteworthy is that the titles of documents from online news sites, unlike those of documents from other categories, provided the highest number of hits for I, followed by G.

Results: ComparisonFigure 9 A Comparison between web-based T(uig) and SCI-based T(uig) valuesKey point:It is clear from Figure 9 that web-based T(uig) values shows much more variation in the UIG relationship than SCI-based T(uig) values, which, to some extent, remained steady throughout the sample period. This striking difference may be because internet resources are more diverse than SCI-based indicators, which are strictly codified and available commercially only to a restricted number of users.Lee’s GovRho’s Gov

Findings and DiscussionEvidence of some tension in the longitudinal UIG relationship in Korea. The UIG relationship seems to be associated with Government PolicyThe results from four different Web source, except for Knowledge-In shows similar change patterns: Partial evidence of Web as a reliable source for knowledge-based infrastructure measureResults from the analysis using Web sources shows more fluctuant changes than those using SCI Which one is more relevant?Every source has its own limitationsWeb: e.g. Government supported IT industry vs. Government declined IT industry’s plea for deregulationSCI/Patent: Only formulated results, partial and somewhat biased,

Measuring Triple Helix on Web

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