MECHANIZATION OF SUGARCANE
- 1. AGR 302-AGRONOMY OF FIELD CROPS II -(1+1) Good morning friends… Assignment on SUGARCANE MECHANIZATION Submitted by Kamalraj G 2016037015
- 2. IMPLEMENTS USED IN SUGARCANE CULTIVATION • Sugarcane planter • Tractor Operated Pit Digger for Sugar Cane Planting • Sugarcane Sett Cutter • Sugarcane Detrasher • Sugarcane Crusher • Sugarcane Intercultivator • Earthing up Ridger • Sugarcane Stubble shaver • Ratoon Manager • Weeder • Rotavator • Sugarcane harvester • Sugarcane bud chipper
- 3. I. Sugarcane planter • This is a tractor mounted machine and can be drawn by any tractor of 35 hp. This can be lifted or lowered by the hydraulic system of the tractor. Cane planting includes • Planting of sugarcanes in two rows. • Opening of furrows at a spacing of 75 cm. • Cutting of cane into 37 cm long setts • Placement of setts in the furrows • Droping of fertilizer below the setts • Dispensing the insecticide solution over the setts • Covering the setts with soil and providing light compaction to minimise sett and soil moisture loss • Advantages: • Irrigation water saving:20- 30% • Seed Saving: Fertilizer Saving - 40% • Full yield of sugarcane is obtained.
- 4. 2. Tractor Operated Pit Digger for Sugar Cane Planting: Function • For digging pits Specification • i. Type : Mounted implement • ii.Power requirement : 35 – 45 hp tractor • ii. Capacity : 250 to 300 holes / hour General Information • Cost of the unit (Approx) : Rs.85000/- • Cost of operation : Rs.300 / hour: • Saving in cost : 63% • Saving in time : 97% Salient features • Dig two pits of 90 cm dia simultaneously at 1.5 m interval to a depth of 30 cm suitable for planting sugarcane setts • Planting of cane in 1.5 x 1.5 m spacing with pit method favours higher cane yield • Recommended as technology package under drip fertigation system for cane
- 5. 3. Sugarcane Sett Cutter: Function • For cutting sugarcane sett with single bud Specification • i. Type : Motor operated • ii.Capacity : One sett / second • iii.Cost of the machine (Approx) : Rs.2750/- General Information • Cost of the unit (Approx) : Rs.85000/- • Cost of operation : Rs.300 / hour: • Saving in cost : 63% • Saving in time : 97%
- 6. 4. Sugarcane Detrasher Function • For de-trashing the sugarcane leaves Specification • i. Type : Manual operated • ii. Cost of the unit (Approx) : Rs.200/- • iii.Cost of operation : Rs.900 / ha Salient features • Labour requirement is less • Easy for handling • Reduced cost of de-trashing • Used for all varieties of cane • Also removes the sprouted buds • Easy collection of de-trashed leaves
- 7. 5. Sugarcane Crusher Function • Extraction of juice from sugarcane Specification • Type : Horizontal type 4 roller crusher Test Results • Suitability for crops : Sugarcane • Capacity : 185 kg/h • Power requirement : 5 hp electric motor • Labour requirement : Two • Shelling extraction : 65% • Cost of equipment : Rs 11,000/-
- 8. 6. Sugarcane Intercultivator • This newly developed intercultivator, has two sets of tynes with three tynes in each set. This can be hitched to the heel-adjusted tractor. It can be run on the field 40 days after planting to remove the weeds in between the crop in two rows. • Its shovel-shaped tynes help in uprooting the deep-rooted tubers of the monocot weeds, which is not possible with hand held spades or hoes. • Used to Weeeding purpose
- 9. 7. Earthing up Ridger Function : For making ridges and earthing up the sugarcane field. Cost of the equipment : Rs.15,000/-. Features • The performance of an earthing up implement, which can be run in between the crop rows to cover the nutrients applied as first top dressing on the 40th day of planting. When the crop is nearing 80 to 90 days of age, a second top dressing is done, and the same implement can be used again for full earthing up of the plants. • This labour-saving implement • can cover an area of 1.2-1.6 ha/day. The furrows are uniformly deep, and it facilitates uniform flow of irrigation water in the field.
- 10. 8. Sugarcane Stubble shaver: • It is a single row stubble shaving with the field capacity 0.26 ha /h. • It helps in better ratoon emergency in sugarcane. • It is tractor operated sugarcane stubble shaver. • It can be attached to any type of tractor with 35 hp powers. The whole unit can be easily attached through tractor three point linkages. • The innovation type can cut single row in a pass whereas the swinging blade type shavers can cut two rows in a pass but it will give the superficial cut. • The cost of the attachment is about Rs.15,000/-.
- 11. 9. Ratoon Manager • Ratoon manager is a tractor drawn implement mounted on a 3 point linkage driven by the PTO. • This is a combination of Stubble shaving, off-baring and harrowing. • If required, fertilizer & pesticide applicator can also be provided as an optional. • Ratoon manager will be the best if the field preparation (Ridges and Furrow) is done with tractor and suitable for different row spacing. • It shaves the stubbles evenly and the off-baring helps to trim the roots. • Harrowing promotes better aeration and water penetration to rejuvenate and induce the growth of the sugarcane.
- 12. 10. Ridger cum Weeder • The ridger-weeder is unique as it does both weeding and earthing-up in a single operation in sugarcane crop. • Saving in cost and time by more than 60 per cent. • The cost of implement is Rs.75,000 Hence, in crop rows of 1.5 m normal spacing, the implement can be very easily used without damaging the crop. • The soil is cut up to 22.5 cm depth and is lifted up on the wing board on each side. • The tractor is moved in `alternating field machine pattern' in the field by going from one end of the field in one direction between first and second row. • The machine can cover about 0.8 ha per hour depending upon soil type.
- 13. 11. Rotavator: • Rotavator, unlike traditional implements can produce a seed bed with one or two passes. • The tractor/rotavator combination can commence cultivation much sooner after rain than traditional drawn implements. It is most suitable for Sugarcane stubble removal, eradication of rhizomes. Product Specification 1. External dimensions (L X W X H): 11500×2500×5900mm 2. Supporting chassis: tractor 3. Power: 191KW（260HP） 4. Productivity: min30T/h 5. Row spacing: min1.4m 6. Length of cane part: 200-300mm
- 14. 12. Sugarcane combine harvester: Range of application • Plan, Mountain area, Hill, Dry field. Function: • 1. Loading sugarcane, wood, and other agricultural use. Feature: • Lifting high, loading height can reach 4.25m; it can meet all truck loading sugarcane needing. • High-power, mate with four cylinder 260hp engine. • It is well established for its flexible operations with wide base tire, full hydraulic transmission and steering. • It can harvest 1.2 ha/day ie., 20 tone/hr.
- 16. 13. Sugarcane Bud Chipper Function: Remove the buds from cane. Machine details: • It is floor-mounted and equipped with a knife with a semicircular edge to surgically cut out the buds. • The machine, priced at Rs. 600. • The unit allows the user to be comfortably seated on the ground and continuously feed the cane with the left hand, while swinging the right arm in a smooth arc to cut the sugarcane buds using the ergonomic spring loaded handle. • The machine requires no power or fuel to run it, weighs a few kilograms making transport easy. • The scope of this equipment lies beyond just removing buds from the cane.
- 17. Reference • Jagdihswar sahay.2014,Elements of Agricultural Engineering , A.K Standard Publishers, page no: 372-389.
Editor's Notes
- #5: Kamalraj ganesan