menaka PPT ON ENVIRONMENT AND ITS COMPONENTS
- 2. Introduction environmentisour basic life support system.Itprovidesthe air we breath, the water we drink ,the foodwe eatand the landwherewe live. How do human beingsmodifythisnaturalenvironment? The Car fumespollutethe air , wateris collectedin a pot , foodis servedin vesselsandlandis used tobuild factories. Human beingsmake Cars , Mills,Factoriesand manufacturecontainers. Thisis howhumanbeings modifynaturalenvironment. ENVIRONMENT
- 5. BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC • Biotic and abiotic are the two essential factorsresponsible for shaping the ecosystem. The biotic factorsrefer to all the living beings present in an ecosystem, and the abiotic factorsrefer to all the non-living components like physical conditions (temperature,pH, humidity, salinity, sunlight, etc.) and chemical agents (different gases and mineral nutrients present in the air, water, soil, etc.) in an ecosystem. Therefore, both the abiotic and biotic resources affect the survival and reproductionprocess 1. Biotic: The term “ biotic “ is formed by the combination of two terms, “bio” meaning life and “ ic” meaning like Thus, the term means life –like and is related to all living entities present in an ecosystem. Biotic factorsrefers to all living organisms from animala and humans, to plants,fungi, and bacteria.The interactionare necessary for the reproduction of each species and to fulfil essential requirements like food ,etc 2. Abiotic: The term abiotic refers to all the non- living factorspresent in an ecosystem sunlighth, water and land, all constitutethe abiotic factors.Abiotic factorsrefers to all the non-living ,example chemical and physical factorspresent in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. Sunlight, air, precipitation, minerals, and soilare some examples of abiotic factors.
- 7. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Land, water ,air plants and animals comprise the natural environment. 1. Lithosphere: Is the solidcrust or the hard toplayer of the earth . It made up of rocks and minerals and covered by athin layer of soil . It is an irregular surface withvarious landforms suchas mountains , plateaus , plains, valley etc. 2. Hydrosphere: The domain of water is referredtoahydrosphere.It comprises varioussourcesof water anddifferenttype of water bodies like river, lakes , seas, oceans , etc.It is essential for all living organisms. 3. Atmosphere: The atmosphere is the thinlayer air that surrounds the earth.The gravitational forceof the earth holdthe atmosphere around it . It protects us fromharmful rays and scorching heat of the sun. It consists of a number of gases , dust and water vapour. 4. Biosphere: Plant and animals kingdom together make biosphere or the living world. It is a narrow zone of the earthwhere land, water andair interact witheachother tosupport life .
- 8. ECOSYSTEM Ecosystem : it is a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical factors of the environment in which they live , all linked by transfer of energy and materials .
- 9. “AN ECOSYSTEM IS DEFINED AS A COMMUNITY OF LIFEFORMS IN CONCURRENCE WITH NON - LIVING COMPONENTS , INTERACTING WITH EACH OTHER “ “
- 10. TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM • An ecosystemcan be as small as an oasis in a desert, or as big as an ocean, spanning thousands of miles. There are two types of ecosystem: • • Terrestrial Ecosystem • Aquatic Ecosystem • Terrestrial Ecosystem • Terrestrial ecosystems areexclusively land-based ecosystems. Therearedifferenttypes of terrestrial ecosystems distributed around various geologicalzones. They areas follows: • • ForestEcosystem • Grassland Ecosystem • Tundra Ecosystem • DesertEcosystem • ForestEcosystem • A forestecosystemconsists of severalplants, particularly trees, animals and microorganisms thatlive in coordination with the abiotic factors of the environment. Forests help in maintaining the temperature of the earth and arethe major carbon sink. • • Grassland Ecosystem • In a grassland ecosystem, thevegetation is dominated by grasses and herbs. Temperategrasslands and tropical or savanna grasslandsareexamples of grassland ecosystems. •
- 11. • Tundra Ecosystem • Tundra ecosystems aredevoid of trees and are found in cold climates or whererainfallis scarce. These arecovered with snowfor mostof the year. Tundra type of ecosystem is found in the Arctic or mountain tops. • • DesertEcosystem • Deserts are found throughoutthe world. These areregions with little rainfalland scarcevegetation. The days arehot, and the nights are cold. • • Aquatic Ecosystem • Aquatic ecosystems areecosystems presentin a body of water. These can be further divided into two types, namely: • • Freshwater Ecosystem • Marine Ecosystem • Freshwater Ecosystem • The freshwater ecosystemis an aquatic ecosystemthatincludes lakes, ponds, rivers, streams and wetlands. Thesehaveno salt content in contrastwith the marine ecosystem. • • Marine Ecosystem • The marine ecosystemincludes seas and oceans. These have a moresubstantialsalt content and greater biodiversity in comparison to the freshwater ecosystem.
- 13. HUMAN ENVIRONMENT The term “human environment“means the physical, social and economic components , conditions,and factors which interactively determine the state , condition , and quality of living conditions , employments , and health of those affected , directly or indirectly, by activities occuringon the outer continental self