method-of-research-set-2-used-in-the-subject-iii.ppt
- 1. PARTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPER I. Preliminaries a. Title Page b. Approval Sheet c. Acknowledgment d. Dedication e. Table of Contents f. List of Tables g. Abstract
- 2. CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Introduction -This part gives the reader an idea about the problem. It is usually presents from macro to micro perspective
- 3. What must the introduction contain? - The presentation of the topic -The personal idea based on the researcher’s experiences reinforced by his/her readings about the topic. -The reinforcement of the discussion about what other authorities tell about the topic. -The authority of the researcher in conducting the study
- 4. B. Review of Related Literature The related literature follows a topical presentation. The topics to be included should be a representation of the variables under study. Results of studies should also be incorporated under the topics where they belong. If possible, foreign literatures must be presented first before the local ones, howver, they are not labelled as such.
- 5. C. Conceptual Framework of the Study A conceptual framework represents the researcher’s synthesis of literature on how to explain a phenomenon. It maps out the actions required in the course of the study given his previous knowledge of other researchers’ point of view and his observations on the subject of research.
- 6. In other words, the conceptual framework is the researcher’s understanding of how the particular variables in his study connect with each other. Thus, it identifies the variables required in the research investigation. It is the researcher’s “map” in pursuing the investigation. The conceptual Framework is usually followed by the research paradigm.
- 7. D. Definition of Terms The terms used in the study are those that are defined. Definitions may be conceptual or operational. Conceptual are the dictionary definitions while operational definitions are definitions based on how the terms are used in the study. In research, it is strongly suggested to use both conceptual and operational definitions.
- 8. E. Statement of the Problem This presents what the researcher wants to do in the study. The statement of the problem has 2 main parts: the main problem and the specific questions. Note: For a Master’s Thesis there should be a minimum of 4 specific problems and at least one hypothesis to answer.
- 9. F. Hypothesis The hypothesis is the question that affirms or negates an idea in a study. This when answered becomes the thesis of the study. Hypothesis may be NULL or ALTERNATIVE. In our institutional format, the NULL hypothesis is used.
- 10. G. Significance of the Study This part of the thesis paper identifes/enumerates people or group of people who will benefit from the study and narrate how they will benefit from it. Normally, it’s from the results where they benefit from.
- 11. CHAPTER II. METHOD A. Research Design This identifies the design of research used (descriptive, experimental, historical) This must be followed by the justification why such design was used in the study.
- 12. B. Participants The participants refer to the respondents. The number of respondents must be mentioned as to what group they represents (if ever) and the procedure by which these were chosen should also be mentioned in this section. A Table of Respondents (Table1) follows the narrative presentation.
- 13. C. Instrumentation Instrumentations refer to the instruments used to gather the data needed. This includes questionnaires, interview guides, tests, interviews, observations and documentary analysis, etc.
- 14. Under instrumentation, the following sub sections are included: - description of the instrument -validation of the instrument -reliability of the instrument
- 15. D. Statistical Treatment This narrates what statistical treatment are used for each of the data gathered in answer to specific problems. For instance: Profile – frequency count and percentage Assessments – weighted mean Difference – t test , z test Relationship – Correlation (Spearman rho, 2 are compared; ANOVA, 3 are compared
- 16. CHAPTER III- PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION In this chapter the data gathered in answer to the specific problems are presented, normally thru statistical tables, followed by the presentation of the data, the analysis of the data and the interpretations.
- 17. The specific problems are restated as Specific Problem #1, and so on followed by the Table (with Table Title). The interpretation of the table should focus only on the significant results, for instance, too high scores, too low scores, contradicting responses in one item but not all the items in the table especially when these data do not significantly mean anything to the total results.