Methodology of Applied Research in the Field of Computer Engineering

Methodology of Applied Research in the Field of
Computer Engineering (MARFCE)

Science is a system of knowledge about the regularities that take place in
nature and society, as well as about the ways of their mutual influence with
the surrounding world.
To research is to carefully consider something for the purpose of knowledge,
clarification.
Scientific research is observation of any phenomenon and subjecting it to
careful consideration in order to gain new knowledge about the patterns
inherent in this phenomenon and about ways of influencing it or its influence
on the surrounding environment.
Types of scientific research:
• According to the principle of purposefulness and relevance to practice,
scientific research is divided into fundamental and applied.
• According to the method of obtaining results, all scientific research is divided
into theoretical and experimental.
• According to the sources of funding, scientific research is divided into
budget, contract and grant.
Definition of Applied Research
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Some Definitions of the System of Scientific Knowledge
Theory is a teaching, a system of ideas, views, propositions, statements aimed
at the interpretation of this or that phenomenon
A law (of nature) is an internal connection of phenomena that determines their
natural development.
A hypothesis is a scientific assumption put forward to explain any processes
(phenomena) or reasons that lead to a given consequence. A hypothesis
is a component of a scientific theory.
A concept is an idea reflected in a generalized form. Concepts are developed
(specified) not only at the beginning of scientific activity, but mainly as
necessary scientific existing knowledge in problem statement and
hypothesis formation.
A scientific idea, principle, interpretation, statement, proposition, theorem...
Scientific methods are the entire arsenal of accumulated research methods
that are used in the process of scientific activity at this specific stage of
theory development.
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Scientific Research Methods
A way is a certain action, a technique or a system of techniques that makes it
possible to do something, to accomplish something, to achieve something,
it is the implementation of one or more interrelated procedures.
A method is a systematized way of achieving a theoretical or practical result,
solving a problem or obtaining new information based on certain
regulatory principles of knowledge and action, awareness of the specifics
of the studied subject area and the laws of functioning of its objects.
A technique is a set of interrelated ways, methods and techniques of expedient
performance of any work or a document that describes the sequence of
rules and means of performing work.
The term methodology consists of two Greek words: "method" meaning "way of
research" and "logia" meaning "teaching". That is, methodology is the
teaching of ways of research. This is a set of research methods used in
any science in accordance with the specifics of the object of its
knowledge.
The methodology embodies the entire arsenal of possibilities for performing
research work in a certain scientific field, while the methodology only
makes a certain specified choice from this arsenal and establishes the
sequence and sequence of using the elements of this choice.
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Hierarchy of Scientific Research Methods
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Formalization
Formalization is the display of knowledge in a sign-symbolic form, that
is, in the form of some formalized language, which allows us to
apply strict logic and mathematical apparatus to the operation of
knowledge.
An important feature of formalization is the exclusion of ambiguity of
interpretation, the only option for transferring the understanding of
phenomena and objects into the space of operating with signs
(formulas).
Unlike natural languages, which are characterized by ambiguity,
multifacetedness, flexibility, imagery, etc., the artificial language of
formalization is designed for accurate and clear presentation of
meanings.
Thus, the result of formalization - an artificial language of formulas -
becomes a direct tool of knowledge.
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General Structure of Scientific Research
1. Determination of the goal, object and subject of research. .
2. Analysis of the state of development of the research problem (literature
review) and formulation of its tasks.
3. Research planning: putting forward the main hypotheses and ways to solve
problems, choosing research methods and tools, drawing up a work schedule.
4. Direct implementation of theoretical and / or experimental research.
5. Processing and analysis of the obtained results, their verification (reliability
assessment).
6. Generalization and understanding of the results; presentation in a form
convenient for perception, testing at conferences, forums, seminars and
discussions with colleagues, publication in the form of scientific papers.
7. Compilation of a scientific report, accompanying documentation or preparation
and defense of a qualifying scientific work.
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Stages of Theoretical Research
Any applied research can be done by the method of obtaining results
be either theoretical or experimental.
1. Task statement of scientific research and determining the criteria for
evaluating the results obtained in the future.
2. Identification of the research object in the surrounding external environment,
construction of its structure and determination of the nature and surfaces, lines
or points of interaction of this object with its surrounding external environment.
3. Construction of mathematical models for describing processes in research
objects, suitable for evaluating the current or previous states of these objects,
or for managing processes in them or forecasting their future values.
4. Analysis of processes in research objects, using created mathematical
models.
5. Optimization of the characteristics or parameters of processes in the research
objects according to the criteria established at the first stage, defined at the
third stage of the mathematical models, in compliance with the restrictions set
at the second stage and taking into account the results of the analysis
obtained at the fourth stage.
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Stages of Experimental Research
1. Determining the purpose of an experimental study: whether it is a way
of confirming or refuting hypotheses, whether it is a way of creating a
database, etc.
2. Development of a plan for conducting experiments using the theory of
their optimal planning.
3. Determine the means of measuring the parameters of objects and
processes during experimental research.
4. Directly conducting research experiments and recording the results.
5. Processing of experimental research results.
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Types of Scientific Articles (1 of 2)
1. Review article. Authors formulate their point of view regarding the
works of other authors on a certain topic, compare the approaches of
different authors, etc.
2. Analytical article. It represents a thorough and comprehensive
analysis of some limited problem/task. The authors study a large
number of materials, collect them together and, using experimental
methods, single out similar properties/regularities.
3. Scientific research article. It is similar to an analytical article, but it is
characterized by gradual, logically coherent statements that have a
substantive basis.
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Types of Scientific Articles (2 of 2)
4. Scientific and theoretical article. The authors focus on a thorough
investigation of specific problems over a period of time, process and
organize data, try to identify common characteristics of the studied
objects and processes, find relationships and regularities.
5. Scientific and practical article. It is the most common type of articles,
where the authors describe in detail the conducted experiments,
nuances and features of the processes, separate their usefulness
and essence for solving a specific problem or direction in general.
6. Scientific journalistic article. It combines a research and journalistic
style, aimed at a wide and non-specialist audience. The authors use
simple and accessible concepts, do not use a large number of
special terms.
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Structure of a Scientific Article (1 of 2)
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Structure of a Scientific Article (2 of 2)
1. Title.
2. Information about the authors.
3. Abstract.
4. Keywords.
5. Introduction.
6. Review of the related works.
7. Theoretical studies.
8. Description of experimental methods and tools.
9. Experimental results.
10. Discussion of results.
11. Conclusions.
12. Future research.
13. Acknowledgment.
14. References.
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The Web of Science EndNote Application (1 of 3)
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Methodology of Applied Research in the Field of Computer Engineering

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