Methods of preparation of Aromatic amines
- 1. Methods of preparation of aromatic amines Prepared by Ms.M.Sayyed
- 2. CONTENTS 1. REDUCTION OF NITRO COMPOUNDS 2. AMMONOLYSIS OF ARYL HALIDES 3.AMMONOLYSIS OF PHENOLS 4.DEGRADATION OF AMIDES (HOFMANN REARRANGEMENT) 5.REDUCTION OF AZO COMPOUNDS I • Method of Preparation of Monoamines II • Method of Preparation of Seconary And Tertiary Amines 1. ALKYLATION OF 1° AND 2° AROMATIC AMINES 2.REDUCTION OF ANILIDES 3.REDUCTIVE AMINATION
- 4. 1. REDUCTION OF NITRO COMPOUNDS Monoamines are prepared by the reduction of corresponding nitro compounds. This reduction may bee carried with metal and mineral acid e.g tin, zinc or iron, and HCl or H2SO4.
- 5. 2. AMMONOLYSIS OFARYL HALIDES Aryl halides react with ammonia in the presence of a catalyst (copper salts) at high temperature and under high pressure to form the corresponding amino compounds.
- 6. 3.AMMONOLYSIS OF PHENOLS Phenols react with ammonia in the presence of zinc chloride at about 300 oC to form the corresponding amines.
- 7. 4.DEGRADATION OFAMIDES (HOFMANN REARRANGEMENT) Primary aromatic amine can be obtained by the degradation of aryl amides with bromine or chlorine in alkaline solution.
- 8. 5.REDUCTION OFAZO COMPOUNDS The reduction of azo compounds by the way of hydrazo compounds yields primary aromatic amines.
- 9. 6.ACTION OF HYDROXYLAMINE WITH HYDROCARBONS Aromatic hydrocarbons react directly with hydroxylamine in the presence of a catalyst (FeCl2, AlCl3) to give monoamines.
- 11. 1. ALKYLATION OF 1° AND 2° AROMATIC AMINES Primary and secondary aromatic amines on reaction with alkyl halide, give secondary and tertiary aromatic amines.
- 12. 2.REDUCTION OFANILIDES When anilides are reduced with LiAlH4, secondary and tertiary aromatic amines are formed.
- 13. 3.REDUCTIVE AMINATION Aldehydes and ketones react with primary or secondary aromatic amines in the presence of a reducing agent to form secondary or tertiary aromatic amines.