Microscope.pptx
- 1. MICROSCOPE Dr Komal M Jadhav 2nd Year PG Scholar Dept Of Agada Tantra
- 2. CONTENTS • Introduction • Objectives • History • Types • Description of Instrument • Method of use & Applied aspects • Limitations • Precautionary measures • Summary • Conclusion 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 2
- 3. OBJECTIVE To understand the operative procedure of Microscope & its applications in brief. 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 3
- 4. HISTORY 1590- Hans Janssen and his son Zacharias Janssen, developed first microscope . 1609- Galileo Galilei – occhiolino or compound microscope. 1620 – Christian Huygens, another Dutchman, developed a simple 2 lens ocular system that was chromatically corrected. 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 4
- 5. INTRODUCTION Microscope – is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Most commonly used instrument in medical and life science colleges and clinical laboratories. It is a system of suitably arranged lenses. It magnifies the objects that were invisible to the naked eye. 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 5 MICRO – Extremely small SCOPE – Assess/ Investigating
- 6. DESCRIPTION PARTS The support system The focusing system The optical system The illusion system Source of light Mirror condenser 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 6
- 7. PRINCIPLE • A focused beam of light passes through the specimen. The rays passing through the specimen is gathered by the object & a magnified image is formed. This image further magnified by the ocular lens to produce the final magnified virtual image 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 7
- 8. PROCEDURE FOR THE USE Focusing under low power (100x) Focusing under high power (450x) Focusing under oil immersion(100x) Racking the microscope ( locking) 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 8
- 9. TYPES • 1)LIGHT MICROSCOPE I. Bright field microscope II. Dark field microscope III. Phase contrast microscope IV. Fluroscence microscope 2)ELECTRON MICROSCOPE I. Transmission electron microscope – electron beam II. Scanning electron microscope – scan a gold plated specimen , 1000x 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 9
- 10. MICROSCOPE Binocular Dissection Dark - field Phase - contrast fluroscence polarizing 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 10
- 11. BRIGHT FIELD MICROSCOPE • Light microscope forms a dark image against a brighter background. • Simple • compound 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 11
- 12. DARK – FIELD MICROSCOPE • The object appears bright against a dark background. • It is made possible by special dark field condenser. • USES – to identify living, unstained cells and bacteria like spirochetes, 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 12
- 13. BINOCULAR MICROSCOPE • There are two eyepieces for visualizing the image. • Compare any 2 images. 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 13
- 14. PHASE – CONTRAST MICROSCOPE • Produce high – contrast image of transparent specimens. • This microscope visualizes the unstained living cells by creating difference in contrast between the cell and water. • USES – detailed examination of internal structures in living organisms. • To study flagellar movements and motility of bacteria and protozoa – amoeba, trichomonas • To examine fungi growth in culture. • Observing cells cultured in vitro during mitosis 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 14
- 15. FLUROSCENCE MICROSCOPE • This microscope uses fluroscence property to generate an image. • UV rays convert invisible, short wavelength rays into longer wavelengths. • Specimen is stained with florescent dyes. • USES – critical tool for academic and pharmaceutical research, pathology, clinical medicine. • some microbes directly fluoresce when placed under UV lamp e.g. Cyclospora • Acridine orange R – gives orange red fluroscence with RNA and yellow green fluroscence with DNA 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 15
- 16. POLARIZING MICROSCOPE • Used for mineral identification 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 16
- 17. APPLICATION • To visualize the anatomical structure of any object like blood, cells, hair, fiber, sperm… • At cellular level – nucleus, mitochondria etc. • For WBC, RBC counts. • Striations in bullets ( to match bullet shot from a particular gun). • To identify the number and diversity of organisms in a particular region over time. • Study of proteins. 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 17
- 18. LIMITATIONS • Specimens must be very thin. • Specimens small enough to fit inside the chamber. • Certain specimens such as viruses, atoms can’t be viewed with it. • Black and white images. • Can’t operate in darkness. 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 18
- 19. PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES Select a stool or table with appropriate height for comfortable working for long periods. Keep all lenses clean. Do not touch with fingers, nor blow on them to remove dust. Check position of object, condenser and diaphragm. At the end clean the microscope. 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 19
- 24. REFERENCES • A textbook of practical physiology by CL GHAI 25-01-2022 MICROSCOPE 24