microservices interview and questions by scholarhat.pdf
- 1. Mastering Microservices Interviews Ace your next microservices interview with this guide. We cover everything from core concepts to advanced patterns, focusing on practical, real-world scenarios. microservices interview questions and answers by scholarhat
- 2. Core Concepts: Defining Microservices What is Microservices Architecture? Loosely coupled, independently deployable services. Each service focuses on a single business capability. Communicates via lightweight mechanisms (REST, gRPC). Monolith vs. Microservices Monolith: Single, tightly coupled unit, shared database. Microservices: Multiple, independent services, dedicated data stores. Scalability: Monolith scales as a whole; Microservices scale individually.
- 3. Architectural Patterns for Robust Systems API Gateway Single entry point for client requests, handling routing, authentication, and rate limiting. Service Discovery Mechanism for services to find and communicate with each other, essential in dynamic environments. Circuit Breaker Prevents cascading failures by isolating failing services and providing fallbacks.
- 4. Data Management and Inter-Service Communication Data Consistency Eventual consistency is often preferred. Sagas manage distributed transactions. Database-per-service pattern is common. Inter-Service Communication Synchronous (REST, gRPC) for immediate responses. Asynchronous (Kafka, RabbitMQ) for decoupled processing. Choice depends on requirements and fault tolerance needs.
- 5. Overcoming Microservices Challenges Common Challenges Increased operational complexity. Distributed debugging and data consistency issues. Network latency and service discovery overhead. Handling Failures Implement Circuit Breakers, Retries, Timeouts. Use idempotent operations for safe retries. Implement graceful degradation and error handling.
- 6. Deployment and Observability in Microservices Deployment Strategies Containerization (Docker) for consistent environments. Orchestration (Kubernetes) for scaling and healing. CI/CD pipelines for automated builds and releases. Observability Essentials Centralized logging (ELK Stack). Metrics (Prometheus, Grafana). Tracing (Jaeger, Zipkin).
- 7. Advanced Topics and Best Practices Domain-Driven Design (DDD) Bounded Contexts map directly to microservices, ensuring clear service boundaries. Anti-Patterns to Avoid Distributed monoliths, shared databases, over-engineering, and premature optimization.
- 8. Conclusion: Key Takeaways for Success Microservices require strong foundational knowledge and practical skills. Focus on understanding trade-offs and operational aspects. Showcase experience with specific tools (e.g., Docker, Kubernetes, Kafka).