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Microsoft Windows
Server AppFabric
Cookbook
60 recipes for getting the most out of WCF and WF
services, including the latest capabilities in AppFabric 1.1
for Windows Server
Hammad Rajjoub
Rick G. Garibay
P U B L I S H I N G
professional expertise distilled
BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI

Microsoft Windows Server
AppFabric Cookbook
Copyright © 2012 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher,
except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the
information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without
warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers
and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or
indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies
and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt
Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: July 2012
Production Reference: 1190712
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
Livery Place
35 Livery Street
Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-84968-418-7
www.packtpub.com
Cover Image by Artie Ng (artherng@yahoo.com.au)

Credits
Authors
Hammad Rajjoub
Rick G. Garibay
Reviewers
Adnan Masood
Zubair Ahmed
Alvin Lau
Acquisition Editors
Sarah Cullington
Kerry George
Lead Technical Editor
Azharuddin Sheikh
Technical Editors
Joyslita D'Souza
Unnati Shah
Project Coordinator
Joel Goveya
Proofreader
Aaron Nash
Indexer
Hemangini Bari
Graphics
Valentine D'silva
Manu Joseph
Production Coordinator
Nilesh R. Mohite
Cover Work
Nilesh R. Mohite

Foreword
Have you ever set foot in the kitchen with a certain hunger and found that you had no clue
as to how to make that dish? At such a time a cookbook is a wonderful thing. That's why I
appreciate this concept of a cookbook for workflows and services. At Microsoft when we build
products they are often chocked full of little known but wonderful capabilities and guys like
Hammad and Rick are just the sort of chefs that have what it takes to make you successful
with it. AppFabric brings some terrific capabilities to Windows Server and IIS with distributed
caching and terrific hosting features for WCF Services and WCF Workflow Services at no
additional cost, so using it is a no-brainer but maximizing it will take the kind of insight you will
find in this book. So break out the mixing bowls, spatulas, and turn on the oven… I can almost
smell success from here.
Ron Jacobs
Senior Program Manager, Microsoft Corporation

About the Authors
Hammad Rajjoub works as an Architect Evangelist with Microsoft. Before joining
Microsoft, he was awarded Microsoft's Most Valuable Professional award, seven years in a
row. Along with being an MVP he was also a Microsoft Business Platform Technology Advisor.
Being an MVP in Connected Systems gave him early access to Windows Communication
Foundation, Windows Workflow Foundation, as well as Windows Server AppFabric. In his
previous roles he has been a CTO at a technology startup, Vice President at one of the largest
financial institutions, as well as a Solutions Architect at a leading consulting company.
He has over a decade of experience using Microsoft Technologies, especially .NET since its
beta 1 release. He is a published author and a frequent speaker at technology conferences
(including TechEd and Cloud Computing Asia). He has founded a number of developer and
architect communities over the years and remains a passionate speaker and contributor at
local technical communities in Singapore. He is also an active member of the International
Association of Software Architects (IASA) - Singapore Chapter. His areas of interest include
Cloud Computing, Enterprise Architecture, Design Patterns, and Quantum Computation.
At home he is a busy husband and father of twin girls and a baby boy. For more details visit
his website at http://www.hammadrajjoub.net or on twitter: @hammadrajjoub.
Alhamdulillah - This work would not have been possible without the help
and support from my family. Special thanks to my mother Noor and my wife
Iman for being supportive and giving me time and help to complete this
book. I would also like to express my gratitude to my friend and co-author
of this book, Rick Garibay, for accepting my invitation to co-author this book
and sharing his feedback throughout the lifecycle of this book. Also, special
thanks to Adnan Masood, Zubair Ahmed, and Alvin Lau for technically
reviewing the book, providing feedback, and correcting numerous mistakes.
Last but not the least, thanks to the editorial and project team at Packt
Publishing for giving me the opportunity to write this book, and also being
patient and understanding through the process of writes, re-writes, technical
edits, as well as cases of missed deadlines.

Rick G. Garibay is a developer, architect, speaker, and author on distributed technologies
and is the General Manager of the national Connected Systems Practice at Neudesic. With
over 13 years' experience delivering distributed solutions across industry sectors such as
finance, transportation, hospitality, and gaming, he specializes in distributed technologies
such as Microsoft .NET, Windows Communication Foundation, Workflow Foundation, and
Windows Azure to help his clients deliver business value and drive revenue while reducing
operational costs.
As a five-time Microsoft Connected Systems MVP, he is an active speaker, writer, and
passionate community advocate and is the Co-Founder of the Phoenix Connected Systems
User Group (pcsug.org), celebrating four years in operation. He serves as an advisor to
Microsoft in a number of roles as a member of the Microsoft Application Platform Partner
Advisory Council and long-time member of the Business Platform Advisors and Azure
Technology Advisors groups.
Recent presentations include talks at the Microsoft SOA and Business Process Conference,
Microsoft TechEd, Dev Connections, .NET Rocks, Desert Code Camp, and numerous Microsoft
events and user groups throughout North America. He is a frequent contributor to industry
publications such as CODE Magazine and maintains a blog at http://rickgaribay.net.
You can catch up with Rick on Twitter @rickggaribay.
I would like to thank my loving, patient, and amazing wife Christie for being
my rock and providing a foundation which has allowed us to grow a beautiful
family while enduring the sometimes overbearing demands of my career.
I'm also grateful to my wonderful children, Sarah and Ricky for tolerating
the many lost nights and weekends holed up in my home office working
on this book.
I would also like to thank Mickey Williams, VP Technology Platform Group
at Neudesic for his support in taking on this project along with his words
of encouragement and (always timely) sense of humor along the way.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my friend and co-author, Hammad
Rajjoub for inviting me to participate in this project and trusting me to help
carry out his vision for this book. Hammad and I both share a labor of love
as it applies to the Microsoft distributed technology stack affectionately (and
somewhat nostalgically) known as "Connected Systems" and this book is
both a reflection and an acknowledgment of the tremendous work the WCF,
WF, and Dublin teams have done in putting these tremendous capabilities
within reach of developers tasked with solving tough distributed challenges
today.

About the Reviewers
Adnan Masood is a Software Engineer and Architect with zeal for solving interesting
algorithmic, business, and technology problems. With special interest in scalable
architectures, algorithm design, application security, and software development, he has over
a decade of hands-on experience in financial services and application service providers.
He currently works as a System Architect for Green Dot Corporation, a leading pre-paid
financial institution where he develops robust, scalable, and secure SOA based middle-tier
architectures, distributed systems, and web applications. He is a Microsoft Certified Trainer
and holds various technical certifications including MCPD (Enterprise Developer), MCSD .NET,
and SCJP-II. He is attributed and published in print media and on the Web; he also taught
Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) courses at the University of California, San Diego.
He regularly presents at local code camps and user groups. He is actively involved in the .NET
community as Co-founder and President of the of San Gabriel Valley .NET Developers group
and recipient of the INETA Community Champion Award for contributions to the developer
community in Southern California.
He holds a Master's degree in Computer Science and is currently pursuing a doctorate in
Machine Learning; specifically interestingness measures in outliers using belief networks.
He also holds systems architecture certification from MIT and SOA Migration, Adoption,
and Reuse Technique certificate from SEI, Carnegie Melon University. He can be reached at
adnan@nova.edu.
Alhamdullilah - Thanks to my family for their constant support during the
process of editing this book. I would also like to thank Hammad for the
opportunity and both Hammad and Rick for putting up with my feedback
and tech edits. Last but not least, thank you Joel for your great project
coordination skills.

Zubair Ahmed is an experienced software developer, blogger, and technical presenter. His
interests include software architecture, improving code quality, and keeping an eye on the
latest technologies. He works as a Software Consultant for Infusion Development in Dubai.
When he is not working he likes to spend time in front of his large monitor at home writing
some code, go for long drives with his wife, or socialize with friends.
His technical blog is at zubairahmed.net and his tweet handle is @zubairdotnet.
For technology updates, subscribe to his Facebook page at
http://facebook.com/zubair.ahmed.public.

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Table of Contents
Preface 1
Chapter 1: Installing Windows Server AppFabric 7
Introduction 7
Installing Windows Server AppFabric 8
Configuring Windows Server AppFabric (hosting and monitoring) 13
Configuring Windows Server AppFabric (caching) 22
Installing Cache Client Assemblies 27
Changing the Windows Server AppFabric configuration after installation 29
Starting a Caching service 36
Troubleshooting Windows Server AppFabric – configuration errors 39
Troubleshooting Windows Server AppFabric – auto restart issues 40
Chapter 2: Getting Started with AppFabric Caching 43
Introduction 43
Initializing Cache Client using code 45
Initializing Cache Client using configuration 50
Programming AppFabric Cache Client 53
Using AppFabric Cache via the ASP.NET provider model 58
Using AppFabric local cache 62
Using the AppFabric cache management tool 66
Building a custom provider model 71
Handling common Windows Server AppFabric caching errors 77
Chapter 3: Windows Server AppFabric Caching – Advanced Use Cases 87
Introduction 88
Using regions in cache 88
Using tags in cache 93
Using optimistic concurrency 95
Using pessimistic concurrency 98

ii
Table of Contents
Setting up expiration 100
Setting up eviction 104
Setting up notifications 107
Using performance counters 113
Troubleshooting throttling 122
Troubleshooting eviction 125
Setting up read through – write behind 126
Chapter 4: Windows Server AppFabric Hosting Fundamentals 135
Introduction 135
Installing the Web Deployment tool (Web Deploy) 136
Packaging services for deployment with Web Deploy 141
Hosting WCF services 147
Hosting WCF REST services 153
Hosting basic workflow services 163
Chapter 5: More Windows Server AppFabric Hosting Features 171
Introduction 171
Hosting long-running workflow services 172
Taking advantage of WAS and Auto-Start 187
Hosting Windows Azure Relay services 196
Using common Server AppFabric hosting commandlets 208
Chapter 6: Utilizing AppFabric Persistence 219
Introduction 219
Using Windows Server AppFabric workflow persistence 220
Programmatically querying persisted workflow instances 230
Programmatically controlling persisted workflow instances 239
Developing an Instance Store provider 246
Developing an Instance Query provider 249
Developing an Instance Control provider 253
Registering and configuring custom store, query, and control providers 260
Chapter 7: Monitoring Windows Server AppFabric Deployment 267
Introduction 267
Collecting events from WCF and WF services 268
Viewing and classifying events in the AppFabric Dashboard 275
Enabling tracing and evaluating trace logs with WCF 286
Creating a customized tracking profile for WF services 294
Accessing the Monitoring DB 301
Building a custom dashboard 305
Using monitoring database cmdlets 327
Monitoring cache cluster health 331

iii
Table of Contents
Chapter 8: Scaling AppFabric Hosting, Monitoring, and Persistence 337
Introduction 337
Creating an initial base configuration 340
Adding and removing servers from the farm 347
Application deployment on the farm 361
Configuration and management on the farm 363
Automating deployment with scripts 367
Chapter 9: Configuring Windows Server AppFabric Security 373
Introduction 373
Running caching services using Domain accounts 375
Setting up security for persistence stores 378
Securing Windows Server AppFabric's monitoring store 383
Securing the Event Collection service 390
Index 401

Preface
Windows Server AppFabric is an extension of the Application Server Role on the Windows
Server Platform. In a nutshell, Windows Server AppFabric frees Windows Communication
Foundation (WCF) and Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) Service developers from common
infrastructure plumbing by providing a robust, secure, composable, and reliable platform
which provides caching, hosting, and monitoring capabilities, including support for long
running workflow services, all on the Windows Platform. As such, Windows Server AppFabric
is an evolution of the Windows Server platform, providing essential building blocks for first-
classing WCF (for code-based services) and WF (for declarative workflow services) that are
built using the .NET Framework 4 and Visual Studio 2010.
As an extension to IIS and WAS, Windows Server AppFabric relies on IIS's proven capabilities
for hosting and lifecycle management, adding additional useful capabilities for working with
WCF and WF services. In addition, Windows Server AppFabric takes advantage of Windows
Server's robust event tracing mechanism (also known as ETW). ETW provides optimized
and high-performing kernel-level instrumentation which greatly minimizes impact on the
performance of WCF and WF services hosted in IIS with Windows Server AppFabric.
Whether you are a developer who wants to avoid the same repetitive tasks when preparing
your WCF and/or WF services for deployment, or an IT Pro who wants to avoid complex XML
for configuring hosting and monitoring options for the services you manage, you will instantly
benefit from Windows Server AppFabric. Best of all, Microsoft has made this key extension
to the Windows Server Platform available free of charge.
Written by both a former MVP and now Architect Evangelist with Microsoft and a five-time
Connected Systems Developer MVP, the authors of this book both worked very closely with
Microsoft during the development of the product (then codenamed "Dublin") participating in
Software Design Reviews and early incubation initiatives. Hammad and Rick have advised
customers of all shapes and sizes and fielded these capabilities in countless projects across
various verticals in the two years since its general availability.
This book is full of practical, step-by-step guidance including useful tips and techniques that
will allow you to build scalable, reliable, and secure service-oriented applications on the
Windows Server Platform with IIS and Windows Server AppFabric.

Preface
2
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Installing Windows Server AppFabric, covers setting up your development
environment to use Windows Server AppFabric. You'll learn how to install hosting, persistence
and monitoring capabilities, including provisioning repositories, choosing the appropriate
storage options, making changes to configuration after installation, and troubleshooting
common (and not so common) installation issues you might encounter along the way.
Chapter 2, Getting Started with AppFabric Caching, introduces Caching in Windows Server
AppFabric, covering everything you need to get started with introducing this important
capability to your composite applications and services. You will learn how to set up and
use Caching using code and configuration options, as well as working with Caching within
your applications. In addition, you'll learn how easily an existing application that relies on
ASP.NET session state can immediately benefit from Windows Server AppFabric Cache,
handling common error conditions, using PowerShell commandlets, and building a custom
provider model.
Chapter 3, Windows Server AppFabric Caching – Advanced Use Cases, builds on the concepts
in the previous chapter, covering the use of Regions and Tags as well as choosing the right
concurrency mode and establishing expiration, eviction, and notification policies. You will also
learn advanced monitoring concepts including the use of performance counters, configuring
high availability, and common troubleshooting techniques for getting the most out of Windows
Server AppFabric Cache.
Chapter 4, Windows Server AppFabric Hosting Fundamentals, introduces Windows
Server AppFabric's hosting capabilities, covering common deployment, management,
and hosting scenarios. You'll learn how to host WCF SOAP and REST services as well as
simple WF services along with a number of tips and tricks for moving beyond the service
template defaults.
Chapter 5, More Windows Server AppFabric Hosting Features, covers additional hosting
topics, including supporting long-running WF services, how your services can benefit from
the Auto-Start feature, properly hosting WCF services that take advantage of Windows
Azure Service Bus Relay bindings for enabling modern, hybrid scenarios as well as
common PowerShell commandlets for scripting many of the tasks covered in this and
the previous chapter.
Chapter 6, Utilizing AppFabric Persistence, provides ample coverage of Windows Server
AppFabric persistence capabilities, including configuring persistence for WF services, working
with multiple persistence stores, and developing instance store, control, and query providers.
This chapter also provides an in-depth walkthrough of development and configuration of
custom instance, control, and query providers.

Preface
3
Chapter 7, Monitoring Windows Server AppFabric Deployment, provides an introduction to
the monitoring capabilities provided by Windows Server AppFabric. Topics include collecting
and viewing events from WCF and WF services, enabling tracing and configuring tracking
profiles, and leveraging PowerShell cmdlets for monitoring WCF and WF services as well as
the Caching service. In addition, you'll learn how to surface monitoring information to any user
experience by following the sample recipe for building a custom monitoring dashboard using
ASP.NET MVC and OData.
Chapter 8, Scaling AppFabric Hosting, Monitoring, and Persistence, covers a common
scenario for scaling Windows Server AppFabric across multiple IIS hosts. You will learn how
to prepare two hosts for clustering using Microsoft NLB as well as understand deployment,
management, and administration of a multi-host Windows Server AppFabric deployment that
shares a common, centralized persistence store.
Chapter 9, Configuring Windows Server AppFabric Security, covers what you need to know
about planning and implementing a security model with Windows Server AppFabric. You will
learn how to secure the caching, persistence, monitoring, and eventing (via ETW) subsystems
of Windows Server AppFabric.
What you need for this book
This book assumes you have a solid foundation in messaging and workflow concepts and are
proficient in developing web services with WCF 4.0 and WF 4.0, in addition to C#, the .NET
Framework, and Visual Studio 2010. You will need a Windows 7 (or Windows Server 2008/R2)
machine configured for IIS 7 along with SQL Server and Visual Studio 2010, as well as either
Windows Server AppFabric or Microsoft AppFabric 1.1 for Windows Server.
To take advantage of the latest caching features introduced in AppFabric 1.1, it is
recommended that you install Microsoft AppFabric 1.1. for Windows Server. Otherwise,
Windows Server AppFabric (the first version of this release) will suffice and is the product
name we use throughout this book.
Either version can be installed on Windows 7, Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista R2,
or Windows Server 2008 R2 and they support both 32- and 64-bit architectures. You will
also need Microsoft .NET Framework v4, IIS7, and Windows PowerShell 2.0. In terms of
hardware, officially, any 1GHz+ CPU (900MHz+ for Dual Core and 700MHz+ for Quad Core)
with 2 GB of RAM will be sufficient to get up and running. However, it is recommended that
you have at least 4 GB of RAM to run Windows Server AppFabric or Microsoft AppFabric 1.1
for Windows Server.

Preface
4
Who this book is for
Whether you are an architect or developer designing and developing composite solutions
with WCF and WF services or an IT Pro tasked with their deployment and maintenance;
or designing and implementing a distributed caching strategy for your .NET services and
applications, this book is for you.
This book does not assume any prior knowledge of Windows Server AppFabric; however, a
basic understanding of .NET Framework 4.0, Windows Communication Foundation (WCF),
and Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) technologies is required.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of styles of text that distinguish between different kinds of
information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation of their meaning.
Code words in text are shown as follows: "Once the Caching service is up and running, we can
query it for the caches that are available in this cluster by using the Get-Cache command."
A block of code is set as follows:
internal enum AckNack
{
Ack,
Nack,
Pending,
}
When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or
items are set in bold:
<microsoft.applicationServer>
<monitoring>
<default
enabled="true"
connectionStringName="ConnectionString"
monitoringLevel="Troubleshooting" />
</monitoring>
</microsoft.applicationServer>
Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
Get-ASAppMonitoring -SiteName "Default Web Site" -VirtualPath
/ReservationService

Preface
5
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, in
menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this: "In IIS, click on the application
and select Features View."
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tips and tricks appear like this.
Reader feedback
Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about this
book—what you liked or may have disliked. Reader feedback is important for us to develop
titles that you really get the most out of.
To send us general feedback, simply send an e-mail to feedback@packtpub.com, and
mention the book title through the subject of your message.
If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing or
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Downloading the example code
You can download the example code files for all Packt books you have purchased from your
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Preface
6
Errata
Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes do
happen. If you find a mistake in one of our books—maybe a mistake in the text or the
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Questions
You can contact us at questions@packtpub.com if you are having a problem with any
aspect of the book, and we will do our best to address it.

1
Installing Windows
Server AppFabric
In this chapter, we will cover:
f
f Installing Windows Server AppFabric
f
f Configuring Windows Server AppFabric (hosting and monitoring)
f
f Configuring Windows Server AppFabric (caching)
f
f Installing caching Client Assemblies
f
f Changing the Windows Server AppFabric configuration after installation
f
f Starting a Caching service
f
f Troubleshooting Windows Server AppFabric – configuration errors
f
f Troubleshooting Windows Server AppFabric – auto restart issues
Introduction
Windows Server AppFabric is an extension of the Application server role on the Microsoft
Platform. Windows Server AppFabric offers in-memory, super-fast, scalable caching
capabilities for web applications and services. For applications built using Windows
Communication Foundation (WCF) and Workflow Foundation (WF), Windows Server
AppFabric provides streamlined hosting and monitoring capabilities that support
composition scenarios.
Windows Server AppFabric is built on top of an existing set of technologies on the Windows
platform including, but not limited to Internet Information Services (IIS), Windows Process
Activation Service (WAS), .NET Framework v 4.0, and Event Tracing for Windows (ETW).

Installing Windows Server AppFabric
8
In this chapter, we will look at how to set up Windows Server AppFabric using the different
configuration options. We will also see how the configuration of Windows Server AppFabric
can be changed after the installation. Lastly, at the end of the chapter, we will see how to
troubleshoot some common problems with Windows Server AppFabric installations.
Windows Server AppFabric is an extension of the Application Server role on the Windows
platform. At the time of this writing there are two ways to install Windows Server AppFabric.
One is the standard direct install and the other is using Microsoft's new and exciting Web
Platform Installer (WPI).
In this recipe, we will go through the step-by-step instructions to install Windows Server
AppFabric using WPI. Needless to say, if you already have Windows Server AppFabric installed
on your machine, then you can skip this recipe.
WPI is the preferred approach because it streamlines the installation
process by smartly identifying and installing the prerequisite software.
Getting ready
Windows Server AppFabric can be installed on Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 SP
2, Windows Vista R2, and Windows Server 2008 R2 (it supports both 32 and 64 bit
architectures). You will also need Microsoft .NET Framework v4, IIS7, and Windows PowerShell
2.0. In terms of hardware, officially, any 1GHz+ CPU (900MHz+ for Dual Core and 700MHz+
for Quad Core) with 2 GB of RAM will be sufficient to get up and running with Windows Server
AppFabric. However, it is recommended that you have at least 4 GB of RAM to run Windows
Server AppFabric.
If you want to try Windows Server AppFabric before actually
installing it on your host machine, it makes sense to use a virtual
machine that has Windows Server AppFabric installed on it so that
you can play with it. The good news is that Microsoft has made a
preconfigured Windows Server AppFabric VM available on MSDN
that can be downloaded and used with Microsoft's Virtual PC. This
download is available as a part of Microsoft's training kit for Windows
Server AppFabric. The download is available at: http://www.
microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=7956.

Chapter 1
9
How to do it...
WPI offers a highly streamlined package/software download installation mechanism. You can
get WPI from Microsoft's website at: http://www.microsoft.com/web/downloads/
platform.aspx. After downloading and installing WPI, you can use the following steps to
launch Windows Server AppFabric Installer:
1. Under the Start menu, go to All Programs. If you are using Windows 7, type Web
Platform Installer in the custom menu item, find the WPI as shown in the following
screenshot, and launch it:
2. Accept the User Account Control (UAC) warning. This will allow WPI to make changes
to your computer.

10
3. Click on Next at the bottom of the screen to get started with the WPI.
4. Type AppFabric in the search box (in the top right-hand corner of the screen) and
press the Enter key:
5. This will reveal a search result showing Windows Server AppFabric. Click on Add and
then on Install to continue:

Chapter 1
11
6. Now, WPI will ask to review the download and install of all the required software
components to run Windows Server AppFabric. Select I Accept to continue.
The list of components, third-party application software, and
Microsoft products will vary from machine to machine. WPI will
determine the missing software and will list it on this screen.
7. Once you select I Accept, WPI will download and install all the required software
components one by one. Sometimes this may result in multiple reboots for the
host machine.

12
8. Once all the required software components are installed, the Windows Server
AppFabric installation will be complete. Click on Finish:
How it works...
The Windows Server AppFabric installation adds three new Windows services: AppFabric
Caching Service, AppFabric Event Collection Service, and AppFabric Workflow
Management Service, for caching, monitoring, and hosting scenarios respectively. These
services can be seen when the Services Snap-in is launched from the Control Panel (or by
typing Services.msc in the search box under the Windows Start menu).

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As we can see in the preceding screenshot, only AppFabric Event Collection Service and
AppFabric Workflow Management Service have Status as Started and have Startup
Type defined as Automatic. By default, Windows Server AppFabric Caching Service is not
available for use after a machine reboot.
AppFabric Event Collection Service, AppFabric Workflow
Management Service, and Windows Server AppFabric Caching
Service form the heart of Windows Server AppFabric. These
services work in the background and perform tasks such as
collecting events, managing the workflow's life cycle, connecting
to the cache cluster, and serving cache related requests.
Once Windows Server AppFabric is installed, the next step is to configure it using the Windows
Server AppFabric Configuration wizard.
Configuring Windows Server AppFabric
(hosting and monitoring)
There are a number of configuration options available when configuring Windows
Server AppFabric, and in this recipe we will go through them. At this point, we should
appreciate Microsoft's efforts in designing Windows Server AppFabric, as it allows a
fair bit of customization.
Getting ready
Configuring Windows Server AppFabric is available via the Windows Server AppFabric
Configuration wizard. It is a fairly simple task, but it requires careful consideration of a
number of options and possibilities. We will need the following items ready in order to
configure Windows Server AppFabric:
f
f Service accounts to run (with administrative privileges)
‰
‰ AppFabric Hosting's Event Collection service
‰
‰ AppFabric Hosting's Persistence service

14
f
f SQL server database for:
‰
‰ (SQL server based) monitoring provider
‰
‰ (SQL server based) persistence provider
‰
‰ AppFabric caching store service provider (if your machine is part
of a domain)
f
f UNC file share for Windows Server AppFabric Caching service configuration provider
(if the host machine is running in a workstation mode)
f
f Information on cluster set up (for a high-availability scenario)
When HA (High Availability) is enabled Windows Server
AppFabric Cache stores a copy of each cached object or region
in a separate cache host. HA is discussed in detail in Chapter 7,
Monitoring Windows Server AppFabric Deployment.
f
f Unique port numbers for cache, cluster, arbitration, and replication
It should be noted that when you run the Windows Server
AppFabric Configuration wizard and make changes to the
configuration, it will overwrite any existing values.
How to do it...
To launch the Window Servers AppFabric Configuration wizard, go to All programs under the
Start menu, find AppFabric, and then select Configure AppFabric.
The following is a sequence of steps that will take you through the configuration wizard for
Windows Server AppFabric:
1. Run the Configure AppFabric wizard.

Chapter 1
15
2. Accept the User Account Control (UAC) dialog, confirming that you will allow this
program to make changes to your host machine:
3. Click on Next at the bottom of the screen to start the configuration of Windows
Server AppFabric.

16
4. Once you are at the Configure Hosting Services screen, select the box titled Set
monitoring configuration:
5. Select the service account required to run the AppFabric Event Collection service by
clicking on Change.
6. If you do not have a ready-made account available for the event collection service,
then you can leave the default value of NT AuthorityLocal Service, (as this can be
modified later on). For more details on security, please refer to the How it works…
section, as well as Chapter 9, Configuring Windows Server AppFabric Security.

Chapter 1
17
7. Now select the Monitoring provider, as this will provide access to the monitoring
database. (As there is only one default SQL-based implementation, select the
System.Data.SqlClient option.)
Windows Server AppFabric by design allows adding multiple
providers for monitoring and persistence. Configuring
multiple persistence providers is discussed in Chapter 5,
More Windows Server AppFabric Hosting Features.
8. Now click on Configure to launch the SQL configuration screen to help you select/
configure the SQL server instance that will be used to store monitoring information.
9. Select Register AppFabric monitoring store in root web.config.
10. Select Initialize monitoring store.
11. Under Connection String, provide the SQL Server name, for example, <HostServer
Name><SQLInstanceName>.
12. Provide the Database name for the SQL Server.
The SQL database (specified above in steps 11 and 12) is
used to store Windows Server AppFabric monitoring related
information. The Initialize monitoring store option will
initialize the database with the monitoring schema.
13. The first half of your configuration screen should appear as follows:

18
14. Now we will set up the Security Configuration to access the SQL Server database
instance that we selected/created previously. For Windows authentication, if you
have selected a complete install, then you will see default values for Administrators,
Readers, and Writers in Security Configuration. If you already have roles defined
and you have opted to initialize the Monitoring Database, then you can browse and
select the appropriate roles. Otherwise, use the default values of AS_Administrators
and AS_Observers as Administrators/Writers and Readers respectively. This is
shown in the following screenshot:
Windows Server AppFabric's AS_Administrators is a conceptual and
administrative role. As the name implies it allows full control over
AppFabric's configuration, monitoring, and persistence capabilities.
Event Collection and Workflow Persistence services run under this role.
Likewise, AS_Observer is also a conceptual and administrative role.
It allows you to view the application and services configuration, monitor
data, as well as view persisted instances, all without being able to
modify anything.

Chapter 1
19
15. However, if you wish to choose SQL Server Authentication, you will need to provide a
username and password that will be used to connect to SQL Server database. In this
recipe we will only use Windows authentication.
16. Once you click on OK you should see a confirmation dialog asking you to validate
whether you want these settings to take effect:
17. Click on Yes, and the wizard will go ahead and create and initialize the monitoring
store. Once completed, you should see a validation dialog advising you that the
Monitoring store was initialized and registered successfully:
18. On the Configure Hosting Services screen, select Set persistence configuration.

20
19. Now, select an AppFabric Workflow Management service account. Just like the
service account for monitoring, we will need a service account that has admin rights
and can access the persistence provider/store. If you have an account already
available for this then click on Change and select it. Otherwise, use the default value
of the NT AUTHORITYLOCAL SERVICE account:
20. From the Persistence provider dropdown, select a sqlStoreProvider and then
click on Configure. Now this screen should look familiar, as it is the same one we
used to set up Windows Server AppFabric Monitoring earlier on. We will once again
select Register AppFabric persistence store in root web.config. We will also select
Initialize persistence store and provide the SQL Server and Database names:

Chapter 1
21
21. Just like we set up the Security Configuration for the Windows Server AppFabric
Monitoring database, repeat the same steps and use built-in accounts for the
persistence database.
22. Click on OK and proceed to confirm the changes. This will complete the configuration
of the Hosting and Monitoring parts of Windows Server AppFabric.

22
How it works...
The configuration of Windows Server AppFabric provides contextual information to run Windows
Server AppFabric services that are responsible for monitoring and hosting services. The values
that we configured can be changed later, either by running the AppFabric Configuration wizard
again or by using Windows Server AppFabric PowerShell commandlets (Cmdlets).
Windows PowerShell is built on top of Microsoft.NET and offers a task
based command-line shell and scripting language. Windows PowerShell
has built in commands called Cmdlets (pronounced as commandlets).
Cmdlets are lightweight commands and typically return a Microsoft.NET
Framework object type to the next command in the pipeline.
It should be noted that monitoring and persistence services should be run under accounts
with administrative privileges so that they can read and persist events to the preconfigured
monitoring and persistence databases.
Configuring Windows Server
AppFabric (caching)
Once you have finished configuring the Hosting Services as discussed in the preceding recipe,
the next task is to configure the Caching Services for AppFabric. Just like in the preceding
recipe, we will select a service account that should be part of the administrator group so
that it has an administrative access to the caching configuration provider. Once again we will
consider a workstation configuration and select a valid local system account.
We will see how to setup the Caching Configuration Store Provider. At the end of this recipe,
we will also see how to join/create a new cache cluster (that this, the instance of Window
Server AppFabric Cache is part of) along with the end point details (that is, port addresses)
used by AppFabric services to communicate on the network.
Once we have configured Windows Server AppFabric Caching Services, we will be able to start
using AppFabric Caching.
Getting ready
To begin this recipe, we will need the following in place:
f
f A service account for the AppFabric Caching service.
f
f A file share (UNC Server Share) to store XML based cache configurations or a SQL
Server database for a SQL Server based AppFabric Configuration store. (This is
required for configuring a High Availability Caching Service scenario that runs on
Windows Server 2008.)

Chapter 1
23
How to do it…
To set up Windows Server AppFabric Caching follow these steps:
1. Run the AppFabric Configuration wizard.
2. Accept the User Account Control (UAC) dialog, confirming that you will allow this
program to make changes to your computer.
3. Click on Next on the Before you Begin and Configure Hosting Services screens to
reach Configure Caching Service.
You cannot directly select Caching Service Configuration
from the left-hand navigation panel on the Windows Server
AppFabric Configuration Wizard.
4. Once you are on the Caching Service screen of the Configure AppFabric wizard,
select the Set Caching Service configuration.
5. Under Caching Service Account, click on Change. This will allow you to select the
identity for the Caching Service Account.
6. If your machine is in workstation mode, then you cannot change the service account.
Otherwise, you can browse and select a local account (that has administrative access
to the Caching Configuration store).
7. Select XML from the Caching Service configuration provider dropdown.
8. The SQL Server based configuration is not available for the Caching Configuration
Service in workstation mode. If you select SQL provider and click on Configure, you
will get the following error message:
We discuss the use of SQL Server AppFabric Caching Service
Configuration Store Provider in more detail in Chapter 7,
Monitoring Windows Server AppFabric Deployment.

24
9. Under File Share, provide a file path of an existing UNC file share. This will allow
Windows Server AppFabric's Configuration Service to store and manage information
stored as an XML file under this provided path. Your screen will appear as follows:
10. It should be noted that the File share (UNC server share) selection wizard will not
allow you to create a new file share. As highlighted in the beginning of the recipe, it is
required to have a UNC file share readily available. Under cluster information select
New Cluster and click on Next.
11. Configure AppFabric Cache Node by providing a unique port number value (numbers
must be between 1024 and 65535) for the Cache port, Cluster port, Arbitration
port, and Replication port.
The Cache port is used for transmitting data between Cache Clients
and Cache Hosts. The Cluster port enables Cache Cluster formation and
Management. The Arbitration port is used to double check if the Cache
Host is unavailable. Arbitration is used when the Cache Host fails.
The Replication Host is used to move data between the Cache Hosts.
Replication is used when Cache is configured for High Availability.

Chapter 1
25
12. Configure Windows firewall exceptions by selecting the rules for Windows Server
AppFabric Caching Service and Remote Service Management. Your screen should
appear similar to the following:
If you are using any third-party (non-Microsoft) firewall then you
will need to manually update the firewall rules. This must be
done to allow Windows Server AppFabric to use the ports that
were specified during its configuration.
13. After clicking on Next, click on Yes on the Windows Server AppFabric Configuration
Wizard dialog box and you will come to the end of the wizard with an option to launch
IIS to further manage Windows Server AppFabric. Click on Finish to close the wizard.

26
14. Congratulations! You have fully configured Windows Server AppFabric. Click on Finish.
The High Availability feature of Windows Server AppFabric Caching can
only be enabled on Enterprise versions of Windows Server 2008/2008
R2. This implies that all the nodes in the cluster must have enterprise
editions of Windows Server 2008/2008 R2. For more information you may
refer to: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=164929.
How it works...
The Windows Server AppFabric Caching Service requires a service account to run its Windows
service as well as a configuration provider where it can store its configuration. As the caching
service runs under the identity of the provided account, the account must have administrative
privileges so that it can access and modify the configuration.

Chapter 1
27
The Windows Server AppFabric Caching Service needs to identify which ports to connect
to in order to communicate with the other hosts in the cluster. Once the port numbers are
specified, ensure that any software or hardware firewalls are not blocking these ports.
As we experienced in this recipe, the Windows Server AppFabric Caching Service is highly
configurable and the configuration wizard makes it extremely easy to set up (or change)
the existing configuration.
Now that we have configured Services for AppFabric and all the services are up and running
under valid service accounts along with firewall rule definitions, we can now start coding to
test and start consuming the caching service.
Installing Cache Client Assemblies
For non-production/client environments, we do not need to install the complete Windows
Server AppFabric. Instead, we can use Client Assemblies to connect to an instance of
AppFabric. In this recipe, we will see how to set up a Client Machine that can connect to and
communicate with Windows Server AppFabric. Once we have set up the Client Assemblies,
then we can use Visual Studio, for example, to write applications that can use Windows Server
AppFabric Caching capabilities.
Cache Client, as the name implies, refers to the applications
or services that can access and modify cached items by
connecting to a configured or specified cache cluster.
Getting ready
To set up the Cache Client, you will need the following assemblies:
f
f Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.Core.dll
f
f Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.Client.dll
f
f Microsoft.WindowsFabric.Common.dll
f
f Microsoft.WindowsFabric.Data.Common.dll
For the Windows Server AppFabric Caching Client to be able
connect to the Windows Server AppFabric Caching Service, it is
required that Client Binaries are of the same version number as
that of the Cache Service.

28
How to do it...
Setting up the Client Caching environment is a very simple task; it is just a matter of copying
the binaries highlighted at the start of the recipe to a particular location. These binaries
can be obtained by installing Windows Server AppFabric on a workstation. You will need the
Caching feature installation to get the required Caching binaries. The default location for
these assemblies is .WindowsSystem32AppFabric:
1. On Windows 7, type C:WindowsSystem32AppFabric in the custom menu; you
should be able to see a number of binaries and the configuration file:

Chapter 1
29
2. Obtain the following assemblies from the Windows Server AppFabric Cache installation:
‰
‰ Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.Core.dll
‰
‰ Microsoft.ApplicationServer.Caching.Client.dll
‰
‰ Microsoft.WindowsFabric.Common.dll
‰
‰ Microsoft.WindowsFabric.Data.Common.dll
3. Copy the assemblies mentioned in step 2 to a place where they are available under a
known path to your Client application.
To cache-enable an application server, you will need to install the
Windows Server AppFabric Caching Assemblies on it. It is as simple
as having an application/service installed on the server along with
the AppFabric Caching assemblies. As long as your application
installation copies the AppFabric Cache Assemblies and has a valid
configuration in place, your application server is Cache enabled.
How it works...
The Windows Server AppFabric Caching Client application requires an API to talk to the
Caching Service. This API (provided as a set of assemblies highlighted earlier in this recipe)
must be available for the client to program against it. By copying these assemblies on the
client machine, we ensure that the client does not need to do a complete installation of
Windows Server AppFabric.
Once the Client Assemblies are available, we can write applications that can use AppFabric's
Caching capabilities and connect to the AppFabric Caching cluster.
Changing the Windows Server AppFabric
configuration after installation
Once Windows Server AppFabric is configured, it is still possible to change its configuration.
There could be a number of reasons for changing the configuration of an existing deployment.
The following are some of the most common scenarios that would require such changes:
f
f Changes database repository (SQL instance for example)
f
f Changes to system accounts (for security reasons)
f
f Port number related changes for caching.
You can use the Windows Server AppFabric configuration wizard and make the required
changes as they are required. In this recipe, we will see how to re-configure Windows Server
AppFabric after installation.

30
Getting ready
You will need an existing instance of AppFabric that has been installed and configured to get
started with this recipe. In this recipe, we will learn how to change Windows Server AppFabric
configuration after it has been installed on the host OS.
How to do it...
To begin, launch the AppFabric Configuration wizard to go through the configuration options on
an existing installation of AppFabric to easily select the options that we want to change.
1. Start the Window Server AppFabric Configuration wizard.
2. Accept the User Account Control (UAC) warning. Click on Next at the bottom of the
screen to get started with the configuration.
3. Give the wizard a few seconds while it loads the existing configuration. The screen
should look as follows:

Chapter 1
31
Once the configuration is loaded, you will notice that the green tick
under the monitoring and persistence configurations states that
the default monitoring store is registered.
4. We can now go ahead and change the monitoring configuration by selecting Set
monitoring configuration and clicking on Change.
5. This will launch a Windows Server AppFabric Monitoring Store Configuration wizard
that we have already used in the recipe Configuring Windows Server AppFabric
(hosting and monitoring) earlier in this chapter.

32
6. By selecting Register AppFabric monitoring store in root web.config, we can specify
the Server and Database name.
Registering the monitoring or persistence store in the configuration
implies that that the connection string (with the name
= ApplicationServerMonitoringConnectionString)
is placed in the root Web.Config file and is made available to all
subsequent websites.
The Initialize monitoring store option will create a new database
(if it does not already exist) and it will also initialize the schema and
the structure of the database (based on the Microsoft SQL Server
provider for the AppFabric monitoring site).
It should also be noted that if you skip the Register AppFabric
monitoring store in root web.config option, then the monitoring
database will not be available on this computer.

Chapter 1
33
7. We can repeat steps 4, 5, and 6 by selecting Set persistence configuration.
8. Next move to Caching Service and select Set Caching Service configuration,
as shown in the following screenshot:
9. Change the Caching Service account by selecting Change and opting for a
relevant account.
10. Change the File share (UNC server share) by browsing and selecting the appropriate
share that we want to store the XML configuration file.

34
11. Join an existing cluster (as opposed to creating a new one) by selecting the Join
cluster option, as shown in the following screenshot:
If the configuration already exists, then this caching service instance
will become part of an existing cluster.
12. If you are joining an existing cluster, you will not be able to change the cluster size.
It should be noted that the cluster size does not dictate the possible
number of machines in the cluster; however, it does optimize the
whole cluster based on the size selected. So for example, you can add
seven machines to a cluster that is defined as "Small" (1-5 machines).
However, Windows Server AppFabric will optimize the caching
configuration based on cluster configuration of 1-5 machines.

Chapter 1
35
13. To change port numbers for caching, click on Next and change the values
as required.
In case of changing port numbers you must ensure that firewall
level exceptions have already been defined for the newly selected
port numbers. Otherwise, Windows Server AppFabric Cache will
not be able to function properly.
How it works...
One of the best things about Windows Server AppFabric is that it is highly configurable.
Configuration can be changed in a variety of ways. For example, in this recipe our changes
were driven by the Windows Server AppFabric configuration wizard; however, we could have
achieved similar results using AppFabric PowerShell commandlets. We will learn more about
PowerShell commandlets in the following chapters.
Another possible way to change configuration is to modify the configuration manually. For
example, when using the XML provider, we can always go to the file share and modify the
ClusterConfig.xml file.
Windows Server AppFabric uses providers to abstract the implementation details of its Cache
configuration as well as persistence and monitoring stores. In this recipe we used out of
the box providers, but configuration storage and management can be further extended to
implement a custom provider.
At runtime, Windows Server AppFabric looks up the registered configuration provider. Based
on the provider it then accesses a specific configuration store. The configuration store is
then used to fetch relevant information for that provider. For example, with the Caching
configuration provider, the configuration store will store information such as port numbers,
service accounts, and so on. Similarly, for the persistence and monitoring configuration
providers, the configuration store will maintain information relevant to monitoring and
persistence stores such as connection strings, for example.

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tulee lopuksi yhtä umpimieliseksi kuin mieskin."
"Umpimielinen? — minäkö? — sinua kohtaan!"
"Oh Börje, mitä olen minä saanut yhteistä nauttia sinun kanssasi?
Minkätähden olet minun pitänyt erillä äidistäsi?"
"Äidistänikö?"
"Niin. — Minkätähden en minä saa pitää siitä, mistä sinäkin?
Minkätähden en saa elää sinun elämääsi, ajatella sinun ajatuksiasi ja
toivoa sinun toiveitasi? Minkätähden työnnät minut luotasi nyt, kun
minä ihailen sinua enemmän kuin nuo kaikki toiset!"
"Mutta ethän tiedä mitä sanot! Ihailla? Minua!"
"Luuletko mun sokeaksi?" — Marianne sanoi tämän hiljaa, melkein
pilkallisesti. Sillä nyt oli voitto saavutettu ja tuo intohimoinen
mielenpurkaus mennyt.
"Marianne —," sanoi Börje pitkän vaitiolon jälkeen, "tuntuu kuin
minä olisin toinen ja sinä olisit toinen ihminen, kuin ensi kerran
tavatessamme."
"Niin, sillä sinä olit hyvin tyhmä, Börje, ja minä olin vielä paljoa
tyhmempi," vastasi Marianne rakastettavalla suoruudella.
* * * * *

Koko viikon oli niin kiirettä, että he tuskin ennättivät vaihtaa sanaa
keskenään. Pojalle piti saataman uudet vaatteet, puutarha
perattaman, peltosaven-ajo pantaman alkuun ja kaikki laitettaman
sille kannalle, että he voivat olla poissa muutamia päiviä.
He eivät matkustaneet junalla, vaan omilla hevosilla ja vaunuilla.
Ilma oli kaunis, ja siten kulettiin kuten tahdottiin.
Matka oli ollut herttainen, — ylös aamulla aikaisin, ruokakori
hyvästi varustettu, ja heti äsken lehdistyneessä pyökkimetsässä.
Nyt oli tultu Börjen kotiseutuun. Hän tunsi kaikki tiet ja jokaisen
talon ja selitti kaikki Mariannelle. Tapansa mukaan ajoi hän itse, ja
Marianne istui hänen vieressään. Torsten istui äidin polvelle
nojautuen tähän; hän oli nukkunut.
Mariannen mieli oli kummallinen, melkein juhlallinen. Ja Börje oli
itse puheliaisuus. Hän huomautti Mariannelle sukuröykkiöitä, joita oli
neljä aina yhdessä rypeessä, hän näytteli vuorenhalennaisia, joista
meri pilkoitteli, hän käski hänet syvään hengittämään, että tuntisi
rehevää, voimakasta ilmaa, — Börjen kotiseudun ilmaa.
"Pian olemme perillä, Marianne."
"Mitähän äiti minusta pitää!"
Marianne ei enää sanonut sinun äitisi. Börje huomasi sen, katsahti
häneen ja hymyili.
"Äiti osaa sekä nähdä että kuulla."
"Oh, Börje, minä pelkään kuitenkin, — sinun tähtesi." — Hän siveli
poskeansa Börjen olkapäähän.

"Sinä!"
Paljon tunnusti tämä yksi ainoa huudahdus.
"Tuolla asui Paulin äiti," sanoi Börje ja näytti pientä huonetta tien
vieressä hiljentäen vähä hevosien vauhtia. Paulin muistoon
yhdistyneestä vastenmielisyydestä ei ollut enää mitään jälellä. Se oli
hävinnyt, — poissa. Todellisuus oli sen syrjäyttänyt.
"Ja tuo pieni talo punaisine seinineen, puitten takana, näetkös —
tuolla noin — se on minun kotoni. Tuo valkea talo tuolla kauvempana
on veljeni. — Kuinka olen iloinen, kun sinä olet täällä minun
kanssani."
Marianne irroitti ainoastaan toisen kätensä ja pisti sen miehensä
käsivarrelle, ikäänkuin pitääksensä häntä oikein kiinni.
"Minä takaan, että äiti odottaa," sanoi hän, "ahaa — tuollapa hän
onkin!"
Vaunut kääntyivät matalasta portista sisään ja seisahtuivat oven
eteen.
Yhdellä ainoalla silmäyksellä oli Marianne tarkastanut vieraan, joka
tuossa seisoi auringon valossa ja kotikutoisissa vaatteissa suurine,
raitaisine esiliinoineen.
Börje ihka elävänä! Torstenista tuli isänsä äidin näköinen, eihän
siis muuta voinut kuin pitää hänestä!
Tämän molemminpuolisen tutkistelevan silmäyksen perästä
hymyilivät molemmat naiset toisilleen, ennenkuin edes ennättivät
tervehtiäkään.

Börje hyppäsi maahan ja auttoi Mariannea alas, joka vielä piteli
nukkuvaa poikaansa käsivarsillaan. Ja sitten seisoivat nuo kaksi
kilpailijaa silmä vasten silmää, yhteisen suuren, lämpimän
luottamuksen yhdistäminä.
He olivat sen ymmärtäneet, lukeneet sen toisiensa silmistä. Siinä
ei tarvittu yhtään sanoja.
"Suudelkaa häntä ensin," sanoi Marianne katsoen poikaansa.
Hänessä oli taikauskoinen luulo, että yhdysside tulisi siten vielä
vahvemmaksi. Ja mummo suuteli tuota pientä, sulki sitten sekä
hänen että Mariannen vahvoihin, oivallisiin käsivarsiinsa ja työnsi
heidät oven sisäpuolelle.
"Noh?" sanoi Börje hänelle riemuitsevin silmin. Hän seisahtui
silmänräpäykseksi kynnykselle sitä sanoakseen, hän ei voinut
odottaa.
"Erinomainen ihminen," vastasi äiti ja pyyhkäisi esiliinansa
kulmalla jotain silmistään, "etpä ainakaan liian aikaisin antanut
minun häntä nähdä."
Hänen äänessään oli aivan Börjen nyreätä hyväntahtoisuutta.
"Hyväksi on teille ollut, että olette saaneet ikävöidä toisianne näin
kauvan," sanoi Börje tehden pientä poikamaista kiusaa.
"Niin kai, kyllä kai niin! — Minä olisin voinut kuolla sillä ajalla, en
saanut nähdä häntä, enkä poikaakaan."
"Vai niin, te olette ollut kärsimätön, äiti! — Eimaar, te elätte vielä
monta vuotta ja näette vielä paljon, ennenkuin kuolette."

"Minä en kuitenkaan voi nähdä mitään rakkaampaa. Kas niin,
käykää sisään nyt!"
Äiti työnsi hänet tupaan pienen, siivon etehisen kautta.
"Parasta lienee antaa pikkuisen maata, kunnes herää itsestään,"
sanoi hän Mariannelle, "minä olen tämän sisäkamarin varustanut
teitä varten. Minä olen tehnyt vuoteen pikkuiselle vaatekoriini; minä
luulen sen olevan kylläksi suuren."
Börje seisahtui tupaan ja molemmat naiset astuivat yhdessä
sisähuoneesen, jossa Marianne laski perillisensä tälle määrätylle
vuoteelle, joka huomattiin olevan vallan parahultainen.
"Ah, äiti, eikö Börje ollut hyvin paha, kun antoi meidän odottaa
näin kauvan, ennenkuin saimme nähdä toisemme?" sanoi Marianne
tarttuen anoppimuorinsa käsiin ja katsoen suoraan rehellisiin Börje-
silmiin.
"Hänpä lie parhain tietänyt, mikä oli hyvä."
Äidillisen ylpeyden mielestä oli Börje kaikkitietäväinen ja
kaikkiviisas kuin itse sallimus.
Börjestä oli päivä herttainen. Hän riippui kiinni kotona jokaisessa
pikkuseikassa luonteensa koko yksipäisellä rakkaudella, joka vanhaa
ja totuttua piti aina lemmellisessä muistossa. Hänestä oli hupaista
kuljettaa Mariannea kaikkialla, näyttää hänelle kaikkea ja kertoa
hänelle kaikesta: lapsuudestaan, äidistään, heidän jokapäiväisestä
elämästään, Paulista; hevosista, joilla hän oli ajanut, koirista, joista
hän oli pitänyt. Kävely tuntui oikein pyhiinvaellus-matkalta. Ja
Marianne oppi tällä tarkastusretkellä tuntemaan hänen

menneisyytensä, — itse "alku-Börjen," kuten hän nauraen miestänsä
kutsui tässä tilaisuudessa — paremmin kuin jos Börje olisi kokonaisia
päiviä kuluttanut kertomiseen.
Ja äiti ruokki heitä skoonelaisilla, tukevilla ruokalajeilla, oluttakin
oli hän ennättänyt panna, vaikka se vielä maistui vähä liian nuorelta.
"Jestan poo! äiti luulee varmaankin joulun olevan kaksi kertaa tänä
vuonna," sanoi Börje nauraen pöytään istuessaan.
"Ei minulla ole mitään joulua ollut viimeisenä kahtena vuonna,"
sanoi äiti. Sydämellisin lämpö piileskeli hänen tylyäänisessä
vastauksessaan. Hän mahtoi suuresti kaivata poikaansa näinä
jouluina.
"Mutta tänä vuonna tulette meille," sanoi Börje.
"Sen teen, jos Jumala suo ja te sen tahdotte."
Hän tunsi itsensä vielä vähä ujoksi Mariannen läsnäollessa, vaikka
hän paljonkin hänestä piti. Salaisesti hymyillen huomasi Börje, että
äiti aina karttoi Mariannen nimeä eikä kutsunut häntä sinuksi.
Mutta sellainen kyllä menisi ohitse! Börje oli niin iloinen — niin
sydämellisen iloinen. Äiti ja Marianne … sitä kelpasi istua ja katsella.
Marianne arveli, ettei äidin tarvitsisi asua näin yksinään, näin
kaukana Börjestä; voisihan hän muuttaa heidän luokseen, jossa
Paulin sija vielä oli tyhjänä.
"Siunatkoon, lapsi, sitä en koskaan tahdo!" vastasi vanhus melkein
pelästyneenä, "nuoret osaavat kyllä pesää rakentaa yhtä hyvin kuin

vanhatkin, vaan he rakentavat semmoisen, joka heille sopii, ja
vanhat tekevät parhaiten, kun pysyvät paikallaan."
Puolisen jälestä kulkivat Marianne ja Börje ympäri tupaa, jolla
aikaa isoäiti istui ja ravitsi silmiään katselemalla oikein sydämen
halusta pojanpoikaansa, joka käydä lylleröitsi ympäriinsä upo
uudessa koltissaan.
"Ja katsos! Tässä on raamattu, jonka kaltainen Börjelläkin on,"
huudahti
Marianne iloisesti. "Kuinka hyvästi muistan, kun ensikerran kävin
Tomtössä! Minä kysyin, oliko hänellä tapana lukea sitä. 'Ei,' sanoi
hän, 'mutta äidillä on yhtäläinen'."
Melkein huomaamaton hymy vetäytyi äidin kasvoille; hän ymmärsi
poikaansa.
"Niin, tuo on minun sauvani ja jalkojeni valo," sanoi hän sitten
vakavasti, "minulla ei ole koskaan ollut parempaa turvaa." — Sitten
katsahti hän Marianneen. — "Vaan minusta on saman tekevää, mitä
te uskotte," lisän hän, "sillä meidän Herramme antaa teille kyllä sen
uskon, jota te tarvitsette. Hän ymmärtää asian paremmin kuin
minä."
Tässä karkeassa, hyväntahtoisessa suoruudessa oli jotakin, joka
Mariannea miellytti enemmän kuin kaikki hyväilyt. Siinä ilmautui
vankkuutta, luottavaisuutta — ihan kaikkea.
Kun illalla erottiin, saattoi vanhus vieraansa heidän
makuusuojaansa.
Pikkuinen uinahteli aivan makeasti korissaan.

"Niin, nukkukaa nyt tekin hyvästi," sanoi hän. "Minä olen tehnyt
pehmeän vuoteen sinulle, rakas poikani. Harvoinpa sinua täällä saa
nähdä!"
"Ja häntä!"
"Niin; hauskaa oli nähdä teitä."
Börje asetti kätensä eräälle vanhalle pulpetille.
"Tässä, Marianne," sanoi hän, "tässä on minun muinainen
minuuteni; tässä säilyttää äiti kaikki minun kirjeeni.
"Niin, vallan totta!" huudahti vanhus ja pisti kätensä taskuunsa,
"minä olen ajatellut … minä olen ajatellut, että Mariannea" — nimi ei
tahtonut tulla hänen huuliltaan, — "minä tarkoitan, että häntä
huvittaisi lukea sinun kirjeitäsi. Minä olen ne pannut järjestykseen
numeron jälkeen." Hän veti avaimen esiin, jonka antoi Börjelle.
Marianne ei voinut mitään sanoa. Tämmöinen menettely poikansa
vaimoa kohtaan oli niin liikuttavan hienotunteinen, että Mariannella
ei ollut sanaakaan sen varalle. Tätä oli ajatellut tuo sivistymätön
talonpoikaisvaimo, — ajatellut ihan itsestään!
He puristivat toisiensa käsiä. Ei yhtään tarpeettomia hellyyden
osoituksia! Sellaiset eivät Börjen äitiä miellyttäneet, vaan he olivat
ymmärtäneet toisensa, ja tässä oli se side, joka ei ollut katkeava.
Kun Marianne oli jäänyt yksin Börjen kanssa, meni hän hänen
luokseen.
"Börje, kuinka voit sinä pitää minua kaikesta tästä erilläni ja luulla
sen olevan parasta?"

"Se oli hyödyllistä."
"Mutta semmoista umpimielisyyttä!"
"Semmoinen on minun luonteeni."
"Kaikkiako kohtaan?"
Marianne hymyili vähä. Yksi poikkeus oli ollut, — hän, joka nuo
kirjeet oli saanut.
"Minusta on ollut hauskaa nähdä sinua täällä, — tässä vanhassa
keskuudessa, josta minä paljon pidän," sanoi hän, "sen täytyi sulaa
yhteen nykyisen kanssa. Ja nyt se on tehty, rotko on täytetty. Tule
istumaan, Marianne. Minä olen hävennyt olla se kuin olen, nyt ei ole
laita enään niin."
Hän talutti Mariannea vanhanaikaisilla patjoilla päällystetylle
seinärahille istumaan, vaan tämä ottikin pienen jakkaran ja asettui
vastapäätä miestänsä. Hän taisi näin paremmin katsella Börjeä
kasvoihin istuessaan kyynäspäät tämän polvilla ja nojaten leukaansa
käsiä vasten.
"Kun on antanut parhaan, niin ei tarvitse säästää pikkumurusia,"
sanoi Marianne hymyillen, "kun olemme nyt puheisiin päässeet, niin
sano mulle, mitä sinä teit kaupungissa niin usein; minä olen ollut
hirmuisen utelias."
Börje punehtui ensin, vaan rohkaisi sitten mielensä.
"Minä olen lukenut kieliä," sanoi hän. "Huh, eipä se käynyt vallan
voimien ylitse. Mutta kuinka minä pelkäsin sinun saavan siitä tietoa."

"Miksikä sitten?"
"Olihan ikäänkuin häpeällistä alkaa minun ijälläni vielä koulupojan
tavoin; ja sitten minä pelkäsin, etten onnistuisi."
"Sinun sydämesi on ylpeä — kuules! Se juuri tekee sinun niin
umpimieliseksi. Sinä pelkäät, että sinun tarvitsee antaa perää
jollekulle."
"Ehkä. — Minä olen aina luullut olevani nöyrä. Minä olen aina ollut
valmis tunnustamaan toisten etevämmyyttä; mutta minä olen
asettunut sitä vastaan," sanoi hän miettien. "Sinä väitit eräänä iltana
minun olevan kunnianhimoisen; minä olen sitä sittemmin ajatellut.
En tiedä, onko se totta. Vaan sen tiedän, että minullakin on pyrintöjä
ja että minäkin tahtoisin saada — niin, en tahdo sanoa valtaa, sillä
en minä tahdo tulla huomatuksi, — mutta minä tahtoisin tuota,
jonka avulla voi ikäänkuin ojentaa kättänsä ja tuntea niissä ohjakset.
Sitä ehkä kutsutaan vaikutukseksi. Minä tunnen vaan kuin tahtoisin
tämän käteni olemaan vahvan, — jäykän ja vahvan. Tahdon tuntea,
etten ole tullut maailmaan saamatta mitään aikaan. Minä tahdon
kokonaan täyttää minulle uskotun paikan, vaan minä en halua
mitään muuta. Jos sitä kutsut kunnianhimoksi, niin olen
kunnianhimoinen."
"Ja se on jo hyvin vanhaa," jatkoi Börje tyynesti, "se on aina
pyrkinyt eteenpäin. Vaan minä en ole ollut vapaa. Isä piteli rahoja, ja
hänellä oli valta. Minun sisuni kuohuu, kun häntä ajattelen. Onko
kellään oikeutta kukistaa ihmistä sillä tavalla ja pidättää häntä
edistymästä, kuin hän teki minulle! — Ja niin on laita ollut —
ahdistusta aina. Tuo tapaus viimeksi Paulin kanssa puhalsi tulen
enemmän hehkumaan. Sillä silloin täytyi minun koko voimallani
ryhtyä jonkun kimppuun, etten olisi tullut vallan hupsuksi. Minulla ei

saanut olla aikaa tuntea mitään. Täytyi vaan vaientaa sydämensä
ääntä, pitää ajatuksensa jänteessä, katsoa eteensä eikä taaksensa.
Tuo kokonaan, tuo — eitä jotain semmoista saattoi tapahtua, — että
minä olisin paljas nolla, tyhjyys, siinä oli nöyryytys semmoinen, että
minä olisin voinut… Se oli potkaus, josta päästäkseni minun täytyi
hankkia itselleni hyvitystä vaikka millä hinnalla! Sinä et voi uskoa,
kuinka sellainen voi minua kiihottaa! Se on kuin oas, kuin kirveltävä
tunne minun rinnassani, se ei anna minulle rauhaa yöllä eikä
päivällä, vaan ajaa minua työhön. Kuinka toisenlainen Börje minä
olen kuin se, jonka kanssa sinä olit yhdessä kaksi vuotta sitten!
Ihmeellistä on nytkin katsella taaksensa. Ja ulkonaisesti, ehkei
kuitenkaan näy mitään erotusta. — Mutta kirjeissä tuolla on koko
kehityshistoria. Äiti on samaa puuta kuin minäkin; hän on
ymmärtänyt minua."
Marianne tunsi piston sydämessään. Niin, kuinka vaiherikas tämä
kehitys mahtoi olla, arvasi hän nyt katsellessaan noita viisaita
kasvoja joissa ankara hillitsemisvoima ja sitkeä into kuvastui joko
juonteessa.
"Yhtä ainoata en ole koskaan sanonut äidille. En koskaan
selittänyt."
Syntyi äänettömyys.
"Sinä olit sanomaisillasi jotakin ennen, jonka johdosta olit kahdella
päällä," sanoi Marianne.
"Niin minä tahdon vastata erääseen toiseen kysymykseesi, jonka
myös teit eräänä iltana: minkätähden kielsin heitä äänestämästä
minua valtiopäivämieheksi. Niin, — näetkös — minä en ole valmis
vielä. Minä en tahdo eritä tasaisesta työstäni. En nyt. Tilaa on

kehitettävä. Taloudellisen kantani pitää olla sellaisen, ettei se estä
minua, ja sitten … ja sitten täytyy minun nähdä vähän enemmän
maailmaa. Sille ihmiselle, joka ei ole saanut muita tietoja kuin mitä
hänen ikäänkuin keksillä on täytynyt haalia itselleen ilman toisten
apua, ja jonka kehitys ihmisenä on suurimmaksi osaksi kirjaviisautta,
sille ovat mielestäni matkat suurena oikotienä sivistykseen. Minussa
on vastustamaton tiedonhalu. Minä olen aina kadehtinut Paulia. Minä
tahdon myös päästä näkemään. Vaan minä katselen luullakseni
toisilla silmillä kuin hän, ja minulla luullakseni on toisenlainen säästö
kotiin tullessani kuin hänellä. Tahdotko tulla mukaan — Marianne?
Tahdotko jakaa kanssani? Tahdotko, että olemme kahden kaikessa?
— kahden katselemme ja käsitämme ja tuomitsemme ja luemme, —
kahden autamme toisiamme kaikissa?"
Vastausta ei tarvittu. Mariannen kädet olivat vaipuneet Börjen
polville ja olivat ristissä siinä. Hänen silmänsä tähystelivät ulos
avaruuteen, kuin olisi hän siellä nähnyt pitkän, aavan
tulevaisuusmaiseman.
Iloja ja suruja oli tuleva toisensa perästä vaihdellen, onnen rauhaa
ja kovia aikoja. Sen hän nyt tiesi. Hänen elämänsä näyttäisi kuin
muidenkin ihmisten; ei romantilliselta eikä satumaiselta, vaan
todelliselta ja jokapäiväiseltä. Mutta Börje oli hänelle niin rakas, että
hän olisi voinut laskeutua polvilleen hänen eteensä; olisi voinut
painaa hänen käsiään silmilleen tuntiessaan itsensä ylenmäärin
onnelliseksi hänen omanaan; hänen, ilon auringon paisteessa tai
pimeinä hetkinä, hänen suuressa ja pienessä, — aina, kun he vaan
rakastivat toisiansa.

VIITESELITYKSET:
[1] Mitä hyvää, miellyttävää ja onnellista on.
[2] Paremmin voi yksinään kuin huonossa seurassa.
[3] Englantilainen nimitys neitosten kunniaksi pidetylle puheelle.
Suom. muist.
[4] Iduna oli nuoruuden jumalatar pohj. jum.-tarustossa; hänellä
oli kultaisia omenoita, jotka tekivät jumalat ikuisesti nuoriksi. Suom.
muist.
[5] Hyvänä ystävänä.
[6] Sensitiva on kasvin nimi, joka vetää lehtensä kokoon, kun sitä
koskee. Suom. muist.
[7] Vanha toveri.
[8] Älä koske minuun; erään kasvin nimi. Suom. muist.
[9] Pygmalion oli sadun mukaan Kypron kuningas ja sen ohessa
taitava kuvanveistäjä; hän teki, kun ei löytänyt ketään mieleistään
tyttöä, naisen kuvan norsunluusta ja rakastui siihen niin, että pyysi

sille henkeä rakkauden jumalalta Venukselta, joka hänen pyyntönsä
täyttikin, jonka jälkeen hän otti tytön puolisokseen. Suom. muist.
[10] Olkaa varuillanne, armaani!

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