Microstrip v-slot-patch-antenna-using-an-h-slot-defected-ground-structure-dgs
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This paper discusses the design of a microstrip patch antenna using a defected ground structure for WLAN applications, specifically at a frequency of 5.20 GHz. The antenna exhibits favorable characteristics, including a bandwidth of 310 MHz, an optimal return loss of -51 dB, and a directivity of 6.5 dBi, demonstrating good impedance matching. The study highlights the potential for enhancing bandwidth while maintaining effective performance in compact designs for wireless communication systems.
![INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 2, ISSUE 2
ISSN 2347-4289
21
Microstrip V Slot Patch Antenna Using An H –Slot
Defected Ground Structure (DGS)
Rammohan Mudgal, Laxmi Shrivastava
Department of Electronics, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior
E-mail : rammohan977@gmail.com, lselex@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: This paper presents the Microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications with planar geometry and it consists of a defected ground (DGS),
a feed, a substrate, and a patch. The design with DGS has been analyzed taking different dimensions of H Slot and achieve optimized dimensions with
the help of CST, Microwave Studio commercial software for WLAN band at 5.20 GHz frequency with corresponding bandwidth of 310 MHz to optimize
antenna’s properties. Results show that the final designed antenna has favorable characteristics at this frequency.
General Terms: Microstrip Antenna. DGS, WLAN, CST.
1. INTRODUCTION
The microstrip patch antenna is one of the most useful
antennas for low cost and compact design for RF
applications and wireless systems. In wireless mobile
communication and satellite applications, microstrip
antenna has attracted much interest because of their small
size, low cost on mass production, light weight, low profile
and easy integration with the other components [1-2]. The
major drawback of microstrip patch antenna is the narrow
bandwidth. There are many approaches that can be
implemented in order to enhance the Bandwidth of the
microstrip patch antenna. An individual microstrip patch
antenna has a typical gain of about 6 dB. Several
approaches have been used to enhance the bandwidth by
perturbing the higher order mode by interpolating surface
modification into patch geometry. Gain enhancement by
cutting rectangular hole on another inserted layer. A
symmetrical hole on the inserted layer is used which is the
major frequency in modern wireless communication era [3].
But the most unique technique to reduce the size of patch is
to defect the ground. While comparing the antenna with the
defected ground structure and the antenna without the
defected ground, the antenna having defected ground
structure reduces the size of antenna [4]. The percentage of
reduction of size depends upon the ground area that is
defected. Defected Ground Structure disturbs the shielded
current distribution that depends on the dimension and
shape of the defect. The current flow and the input
impedance of antenna are then influenced by the
disturbance at shielded current distribution due to the DGS
structure. The DGS structure can also use to control the
excitation and the electromagnetic waves propagating
through the substrate layer [5]. In this paper, microstrip
antenna for WLAN applications at frequency 5.20 GHz is
designed and simulated using the CST Microwave Studio.
2. GEOMETRY
ANTENNA
OF
MICROSTRIP
antenna can be fed by different types of methods such as
microstrip line feed, aperture coupling, electromagnetic
coupling, coaxial probe feed and coplanar waveguide
(CPW). The DGS consists of the two rectangular areas and
one connecting slot in the ground plane [6] as shown in
figure 1.
In this work, microstrip line (50 ohm) feed has been used. In
this design defected ground structureis used which gives
the very good resonance. Antenna is designed for the
resonating frequency of 5.20 GHz and is analyzed by using
the CST Microwave Studio software. For the designing of
rectangular microstrip patch antenna, the following
relationships are used to calculate the dimensions of the
rectangular microstrip patch antenna [7-8].
𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓 =
𝜀 𝑟 +1
2
+
𝜀 𝑟 −1
2 1+
The effective length is given by
PATCH
In this antenna, the substrate has the thickness of h=1.524
mm and a relative permittivity r = 4.4. The Length and
Width of patch are 11.84 mm and 19.06 mm respectively
and length and width of substrate are 22.64 mm and 26.96
mm respectively. The structure used for ground is defected
ground structure. The main concept behind the proposed
antenna is to implement DGS structure to enhance the
bandwidth of the designed antenna. Microstrip patch
𝑤
𝐿 𝑒𝑓𝑓 =
𝑐
2𝑓𝑜
𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓
The length extension (ΔL) is given by
∆L = 0.41h
𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓 +0.3
𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓 −0.258
×
𝑤
+0.264
𝑤
+0.8
The actual length (L) of patch is obtained by:
Copyright © 2014 IJTEEE.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/microstrip-v-slot-patch-antenna-using-an-h-slot-defected-ground-structure-dgs-140216110250-phpapp02/85/Microstrip-v-slot-patch-antenna-using-an-h-slot-defected-ground-structure-dgs-1-320.jpg)
![INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 2, ISSUE 2
ISSN 2347-4289
22
𝐿 = 𝐿 𝑒𝑓𝑓 − 2∆𝐿
𝑓𝑟 =
1
2𝐿 𝜀 𝑟 𝜀0 𝜇0
=
𝑣0
2𝐿 𝜀 𝑟
The width of the patch element (W) is given by:
W=
1
2 𝑓𝑟
𝜇 0 𝜀0
×
2
𝜀 𝑟 +1
𝐿 𝑔 = 6 + 𝐿
𝑊𝑔 = 6 + 𝑊
Where,
h = substrate thickness
L = length of patch
𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓 = effective length
W = width of patch
c
= speed of light
𝑓0 = resonant frequency
𝜀 𝑟 = relative permittivity
𝜀 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 = effective permittivity
𝐿 𝑔 = Length of ground plane
𝑊𝑔 = Width of ground plane [7-8]
Figure 2(b): Designed structure on CST microwave studio
4. STIMULATED RESULTS
3. DESIGN PARAMETERS
Figure 2(a) and 2(b) shows the front view geometry and the
designed structure of the designed microstrip patch
antenna with single band operation for the WLAN band on
the CST Microwave Studio software. The feed point
location and the dimensions for the designed antenna has
been optimized so as to get the better possible impedance
match to the antenna.
4.1 Return Loss
The S11 parameter for the proposed antenna was
calculated and the simulated return loss results are shown
in Figure 3. Return loss is a convenient way to characterize
the input and output of the signal sources or when the load
is mismatched, not all the available power from generator is
delivered to the load. This "loss" is termed as the return
loss (RL) [10]. The value of return loss is -47.492 dB in this
proposed antenna. The achieved return loss value is small
enough and frequency is very closed enough to the
specified frequency band for 5.2 GHz WLAN applications.
The value of return loss i.e. -51 dB shows that at the
frequency point i.e. below the -10 dB region there is good
matching A negative value of return loss shows that this
antenna had not many losses while transmitting the signals
[10].
Figure 3: Stimulated return loss curve
Figure 2(a): Cambria Math
Design frequency = 5.20 GHz
Substrate permittivity = 4.4
Thickness of substrate = 1.524 mm
Length of patch (L) = 11.84 mm
Width of patch (W) = 19.06 mm
Length of Ground (Lg) = 22.64 mm
Width of Ground (Wg) = 26.96 mm
Figure 4: Stimulated return loss curve for different
dimensions of defected ground H – shape
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![INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 2, ISSUE 2
ISSN 2347-4289
Deign
Antenna
1
Antenna
2
Antenna
3
Antenna
4
Final
slot
antenna
a
b
h
c
Return
loss
BW
0
0
0
0
-18dB
255 MHz
1
4
1
0.5
1
4
2
0.5
0.6
4
0.5
1
-47.90
279.5 MHz
0.6
4
0.5
1
-51
23
310 MHz
22.472
24.866
260 MHz
272 MHz
Figure 6: VSWR curve
4.2 Bandwidth
The bandwidth at the resonating frequency of 5.20 GHz is
304 MHz with corresponding value of the return loss as -51
dB as shown in Figure 4. Several approaches have been
used to enhance the bandwidth of the antenna but in this
design the bandwidth of 310 MHz is achieved by using
Defected Ground Structure. The antenna covers the WLAN
application standard IEEE 802.11 (5.2 GHz band).
4.4 Directivity
It is desirable to maximize the radiation pattern of the
antenna response in a fixed direction in order to transmit or
receive power. Likewise, the directivity is dependent only on
the shape of the radiation pattern . The achieved directivity
of proposed antenna is 6.5 dBi at resonating frequency of
5.20 GHz as shown in figure 7. It shows that proposed
antenna radiates in Omni-directional nature.
Figure 4: Bandwidth plot
4.3 Smith Chart and VSWR
The achieved antenna impedance is 50 ohm as shown in
Figure 5, which is the required impedance. VSWR (Voltage
Standing Wave Ratio) is a measure of impedance
mismatch. The VSWR ratio of proposed antenna is
1:1.0084 as shown in Figure 6, which should lie in between
1 and 2.
Figure 7: Directivity of designed antenna
4.5 Gain
Gain is a very important parameter of every antenna.
Basically, the gain is the ratio of the radiated field intensity
by test antenna to the radiated field intensity by the
reference antenna [9]. Antenna gain, usually expressed in
dB, simply refers to the direction of maximum radiation . In
this study, the gain of the proposed antenna at frequency of
5.2 GHz is 4.9 dB as shown in Figure 8.
Figure 5: Curve showing antenna characteristic impedance
Figure 8: Gain of designed antenna
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![INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 2, ISSUE 2
ISSN 2347-4289
5. CONCLUSION
The designed microstrip patch antenna is operating in the
frequency band of 5.055 GHz - 5.460 GHz covering 5.2
GHz WLAN communication standard. The resultant
bandwidth at 5.2 GHz frequency is around 310 MHz with
the corresponding value of return loss -51 dB which shows
that the impedance matching is good at this frequency. The
resultant gain of desired antenna is 4.642 dB which is not
so good but it can be increased by using gain enhancement
techniques and the directivity of the proposed antenna is
6.5 dBi which shows that the antenna radiates in omnidirectional nature. It has good impedance matching of 50
ohm. The resultant bandwidth is good due to defected
ground structure but the size of the antenna is not very
small. Work is going on to achieve even best results.
Fabrication and Characterization of microstrip square
patch antenna array for X-band applications”, Indian
journal of pure and applied Physics, August 2008,
Vol. 46, pp. 593-597.
7. REFERENCES
[1].
Constantine A Balanis. 2005. Antenna Theory,
Analysis and Design. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2nd
Edition (Reprint).
[2].
K. L. Wong. 2003. Compact and Broadband
Microstrip Antennas. John Wiley & Sons.
[3].
Rampal Kushwaha, Prof. Kanchan Cecil, “Design
and analysis of gain for rectangular microstrip patch
antenna using symmetrical cuts”, International
Journal of Advance Technology & Engineering
Research (IJATER), November 2011.
[4].
L. H. Weng, Y. C. Guo, X. W. Shi, and X. Q. Chen,
“An Overview On Defected Ground Structure”,
Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 7,
173–189, 2008
[5].
Rajeshwar Lal Dua, Himanshu Singh, Neha Gambhir,
“2.45 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected
Ground Structure for Bluetooth”, International Journal
of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN:
2231- 2307, January 2012, Volume-1, Issue-6.
[6].
Arya, A.K. Kartikeyan, M.V., Patnaik, A, “Efficiency
enhancement of microstrip patch antennas with
Defected Ground Structure”, IEEE proc. Recent
Advanced in Microwave theory and applications
(MICROWAVE-08), November 2008, pp.729–731.
[7].
Neha ahuja, Rajesh khanna, Jaswinder Kaur,
“Design of Single Band Rectangular Patch Antenna
for WLAN Application”, International Conference on
Recent Advances and Future Trends in Information
Technology (iRAFIT2012) Proceedings published in
International Journal of Computer Applications®
(IJCA) pp 29-31.
[8].
Neha ahuja, Rajesh khanna, Jaswinder Kaur, “Dual
Band Defected Ground Microstrip Patch Antenna for
WLAN/WiMax and Satellite Application”, International
Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887),
June 2012, Volume 48– No.22.
[9].
24
Deepak Sood, Gurpal singh, Chander Charu Tripathi,
Suresh Chander Sood, Pawan Joshi, “Design,
Copyright © 2014 IJTEEE.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/microstrip-v-slot-patch-antenna-using-an-h-slot-defected-ground-structure-dgs-140216110250-phpapp02/85/Microstrip-v-slot-patch-antenna-using-an-h-slot-defected-ground-structure-dgs-4-320.jpg)
Microstrip v-slot-patch-antenna-using-an-h-slot-defected-ground-structure-dgs
- 1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 2, ISSUE 2 ISSN 2347-4289 21 Microstrip V Slot Patch Antenna Using An H –Slot Defected Ground Structure (DGS) Rammohan Mudgal, Laxmi Shrivastava Department of Electronics, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior E-mail : rammohan977@gmail.com, lselex@yahoo.com ABSTRACT: This paper presents the Microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications with planar geometry and it consists of a defected ground (DGS), a feed, a substrate, and a patch. The design with DGS has been analyzed taking different dimensions of H Slot and achieve optimized dimensions with the help of CST, Microwave Studio commercial software for WLAN band at 5.20 GHz frequency with corresponding bandwidth of 310 MHz to optimize antenna’s properties. Results show that the final designed antenna has favorable characteristics at this frequency. General Terms: Microstrip Antenna. DGS, WLAN, CST. 1. INTRODUCTION The microstrip patch antenna is one of the most useful antennas for low cost and compact design for RF applications and wireless systems. In wireless mobile communication and satellite applications, microstrip antenna has attracted much interest because of their small size, low cost on mass production, light weight, low profile and easy integration with the other components [1-2]. The major drawback of microstrip patch antenna is the narrow bandwidth. There are many approaches that can be implemented in order to enhance the Bandwidth of the microstrip patch antenna. An individual microstrip patch antenna has a typical gain of about 6 dB. Several approaches have been used to enhance the bandwidth by perturbing the higher order mode by interpolating surface modification into patch geometry. Gain enhancement by cutting rectangular hole on another inserted layer. A symmetrical hole on the inserted layer is used which is the major frequency in modern wireless communication era [3]. But the most unique technique to reduce the size of patch is to defect the ground. While comparing the antenna with the defected ground structure and the antenna without the defected ground, the antenna having defected ground structure reduces the size of antenna [4]. The percentage of reduction of size depends upon the ground area that is defected. Defected Ground Structure disturbs the shielded current distribution that depends on the dimension and shape of the defect. The current flow and the input impedance of antenna are then influenced by the disturbance at shielded current distribution due to the DGS structure. The DGS structure can also use to control the excitation and the electromagnetic waves propagating through the substrate layer [5]. In this paper, microstrip antenna for WLAN applications at frequency 5.20 GHz is designed and simulated using the CST Microwave Studio. 2. GEOMETRY ANTENNA OF MICROSTRIP antenna can be fed by different types of methods such as microstrip line feed, aperture coupling, electromagnetic coupling, coaxial probe feed and coplanar waveguide (CPW). The DGS consists of the two rectangular areas and one connecting slot in the ground plane [6] as shown in figure 1. In this work, microstrip line (50 ohm) feed has been used. In this design defected ground structureis used which gives the very good resonance. Antenna is designed for the resonating frequency of 5.20 GHz and is analyzed by using the CST Microwave Studio software. For the designing of rectangular microstrip patch antenna, the following relationships are used to calculate the dimensions of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna [7-8]. 𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝜀 𝑟 +1 2 + 𝜀 𝑟 −1 2 1+ The effective length is given by PATCH In this antenna, the substrate has the thickness of h=1.524 mm and a relative permittivity r = 4.4. The Length and Width of patch are 11.84 mm and 19.06 mm respectively and length and width of substrate are 22.64 mm and 26.96 mm respectively. The structure used for ground is defected ground structure. The main concept behind the proposed antenna is to implement DGS structure to enhance the bandwidth of the designed antenna. Microstrip patch 𝑤 𝐿 𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑐 2𝑓𝑜 𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓 The length extension (ΔL) is given by ∆L = 0.41h 𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓 +0.3 𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓 −0.258 × 𝑤 +0.264 𝑤 +0.8 The actual length (L) of patch is obtained by: Copyright © 2014 IJTEEE.
- 2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 2, ISSUE 2 ISSN 2347-4289 22 𝐿 = 𝐿 𝑒𝑓𝑓 − 2∆𝐿 𝑓𝑟 = 1 2𝐿 𝜀 𝑟 𝜀0 𝜇0 = 𝑣0 2𝐿 𝜀 𝑟 The width of the patch element (W) is given by: W= 1 2 𝑓𝑟 𝜇 0 𝜀0 × 2 𝜀 𝑟 +1 𝐿 𝑔 = 6 + 𝐿 𝑊𝑔 = 6 + 𝑊 Where, h = substrate thickness L = length of patch 𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓 = effective length W = width of patch c = speed of light 𝑓0 = resonant frequency 𝜀 𝑟 = relative permittivity 𝜀 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 = effective permittivity 𝐿 𝑔 = Length of ground plane 𝑊𝑔 = Width of ground plane [7-8] Figure 2(b): Designed structure on CST microwave studio 4. STIMULATED RESULTS 3. DESIGN PARAMETERS Figure 2(a) and 2(b) shows the front view geometry and the designed structure of the designed microstrip patch antenna with single band operation for the WLAN band on the CST Microwave Studio software. The feed point location and the dimensions for the designed antenna has been optimized so as to get the better possible impedance match to the antenna. 4.1 Return Loss The S11 parameter for the proposed antenna was calculated and the simulated return loss results are shown in Figure 3. Return loss is a convenient way to characterize the input and output of the signal sources or when the load is mismatched, not all the available power from generator is delivered to the load. This "loss" is termed as the return loss (RL) [10]. The value of return loss is -47.492 dB in this proposed antenna. The achieved return loss value is small enough and frequency is very closed enough to the specified frequency band for 5.2 GHz WLAN applications. The value of return loss i.e. -51 dB shows that at the frequency point i.e. below the -10 dB region there is good matching A negative value of return loss shows that this antenna had not many losses while transmitting the signals [10]. Figure 3: Stimulated return loss curve Figure 2(a): Cambria Math Design frequency = 5.20 GHz Substrate permittivity = 4.4 Thickness of substrate = 1.524 mm Length of patch (L) = 11.84 mm Width of patch (W) = 19.06 mm Length of Ground (Lg) = 22.64 mm Width of Ground (Wg) = 26.96 mm Figure 4: Stimulated return loss curve for different dimensions of defected ground H – shape Copyright © 2014 IJTEEE.
- 3. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 2, ISSUE 2 ISSN 2347-4289 Deign Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Antenna 3 Antenna 4 Final slot antenna a b h c Return loss BW 0 0 0 0 -18dB 255 MHz 1 4 1 0.5 1 4 2 0.5 0.6 4 0.5 1 -47.90 279.5 MHz 0.6 4 0.5 1 -51 23 310 MHz 22.472 24.866 260 MHz 272 MHz Figure 6: VSWR curve 4.2 Bandwidth The bandwidth at the resonating frequency of 5.20 GHz is 304 MHz with corresponding value of the return loss as -51 dB as shown in Figure 4. Several approaches have been used to enhance the bandwidth of the antenna but in this design the bandwidth of 310 MHz is achieved by using Defected Ground Structure. The antenna covers the WLAN application standard IEEE 802.11 (5.2 GHz band). 4.4 Directivity It is desirable to maximize the radiation pattern of the antenna response in a fixed direction in order to transmit or receive power. Likewise, the directivity is dependent only on the shape of the radiation pattern . The achieved directivity of proposed antenna is 6.5 dBi at resonating frequency of 5.20 GHz as shown in figure 7. It shows that proposed antenna radiates in Omni-directional nature. Figure 4: Bandwidth plot 4.3 Smith Chart and VSWR The achieved antenna impedance is 50 ohm as shown in Figure 5, which is the required impedance. VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is a measure of impedance mismatch. The VSWR ratio of proposed antenna is 1:1.0084 as shown in Figure 6, which should lie in between 1 and 2. Figure 7: Directivity of designed antenna 4.5 Gain Gain is a very important parameter of every antenna. Basically, the gain is the ratio of the radiated field intensity by test antenna to the radiated field intensity by the reference antenna [9]. Antenna gain, usually expressed in dB, simply refers to the direction of maximum radiation . In this study, the gain of the proposed antenna at frequency of 5.2 GHz is 4.9 dB as shown in Figure 8. Figure 5: Curve showing antenna characteristic impedance Figure 8: Gain of designed antenna Copyright © 2014 IJTEEE.
- 4. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 2, ISSUE 2 ISSN 2347-4289 5. CONCLUSION The designed microstrip patch antenna is operating in the frequency band of 5.055 GHz - 5.460 GHz covering 5.2 GHz WLAN communication standard. The resultant bandwidth at 5.2 GHz frequency is around 310 MHz with the corresponding value of return loss -51 dB which shows that the impedance matching is good at this frequency. The resultant gain of desired antenna is 4.642 dB which is not so good but it can be increased by using gain enhancement techniques and the directivity of the proposed antenna is 6.5 dBi which shows that the antenna radiates in omnidirectional nature. It has good impedance matching of 50 ohm. The resultant bandwidth is good due to defected ground structure but the size of the antenna is not very small. Work is going on to achieve even best results. Fabrication and Characterization of microstrip square patch antenna array for X-band applications”, Indian journal of pure and applied Physics, August 2008, Vol. 46, pp. 593-597. 7. REFERENCES [1]. Constantine A Balanis. 2005. Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2nd Edition (Reprint). [2]. K. L. Wong. 2003. Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas. John Wiley & Sons. [3]. Rampal Kushwaha, Prof. Kanchan Cecil, “Design and analysis of gain for rectangular microstrip patch antenna using symmetrical cuts”, International Journal of Advance Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER), November 2011. [4]. L. H. Weng, Y. C. Guo, X. W. Shi, and X. Q. Chen, “An Overview On Defected Ground Structure”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 7, 173–189, 2008 [5]. Rajeshwar Lal Dua, Himanshu Singh, Neha Gambhir, “2.45 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for Bluetooth”, International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231- 2307, January 2012, Volume-1, Issue-6. [6]. Arya, A.K. Kartikeyan, M.V., Patnaik, A, “Efficiency enhancement of microstrip patch antennas with Defected Ground Structure”, IEEE proc. Recent Advanced in Microwave theory and applications (MICROWAVE-08), November 2008, pp.729–731. [7]. Neha ahuja, Rajesh khanna, Jaswinder Kaur, “Design of Single Band Rectangular Patch Antenna for WLAN Application”, International Conference on Recent Advances and Future Trends in Information Technology (iRAFIT2012) Proceedings published in International Journal of Computer Applications® (IJCA) pp 29-31. [8]. Neha ahuja, Rajesh khanna, Jaswinder Kaur, “Dual Band Defected Ground Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN/WiMax and Satellite Application”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887), June 2012, Volume 48– No.22. [9]. 24 Deepak Sood, Gurpal singh, Chander Charu Tripathi, Suresh Chander Sood, Pawan Joshi, “Design, Copyright © 2014 IJTEEE.