Mikrotik User Meeting Manila: bgp vs ospf
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The document outlines a presentation by Achmad Mardiansyah from GLC Networks during a user meeting in Manila discussing BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) versus OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) routing protocols. It provides an overview of GLC Networks, details the speaker's background, and reviews routing concepts including static and dynamic routing, autonomous systems, and the differences between BGP and OSPF. The presentation emphasizes practical training and community engagement in networking education in Indonesia.
Mikrotik User Meeting Manila: bgp vs ospf
- 1. www.glcnetworks.com BGP vs OSPF Mikrotik User Meeting Manila, January 16, 2018 Achmad Mardiansyah achmad@glcnetworks.com GLC Networks, Indonesia
- 2. www.glcnetworks.com Agenda β Introduction β Routing review β BGP vs OSPF β Q & A 2
- 3. www.glcnetworks.com What is GLC? β Garda Lintas Cakrawala (www.glcnetworks.com) β Based in Bandung, Indonesia β Areas: Training, IT Consulting β Certified partner for: Mikrotik, Ubiquity, Linux foundation β Product: GLC radius manager β Regular event: webinar (every 2 weeks, see our schedule on website) β β 3
- 4. www.glcnetworks.com About me β Name: Achmad Mardiansyah β Base: bandung, Indonesia β Linux user since 1999, mikrotik user since 2007, β Mikrotik Certified Trainer (MTCNA/RE/WE/UME/INE/TCE/IPv6) β Mikrotik Certified Consultant β Teacher at Telkom University (Bandung, Indonesia) β Website contributor: achmadjournal.com, mikrotik.tips, asysadmin.tips β More info: http://au.linkedin.com/in/achmadmardiansyah 4
- 5. www.glcnetworks.com Past experiences β 2017, Libya (north africa): remote wireless migration for a new Wireless ISP β 2016, United Kingdom: conducting a workshop for wireless ISP, migrating a bridged to routed network β 2015, West Borneo: supporting wireless infrastructure project β 2014, Senegal (west africa): TAC2 engineer for HLR migration from NOKIA to ERICSSON β 2013, Malaysia: setup a wireless communication to support an international event β 2012, Dompetdhuafa Indonesia: optimising indoor wireless infrastructure
- 6. www.glcnetworks.com About Telkom University β Located in Bandung, Indonesia β 7 Faculties, 27 schools β Areas: Engineering, Communications, Computing, Bussiness and management, Arts β 650+ Academic staff, 400+ Administration staff, 20000+ students β An exchange program β Runs mikrotik academy program 6
- 7. www.glcnetworks.com Mikrotik academy @ TEL-U β Started in 2013 β Embedded into schools curricula β 100% hands-on β Get MTCNA certification 7
- 8. www.glcnetworks.com Mikrotik in Indonesia β Very popular product for networking β Early adopters (beginning of 2000) β Many schools already join Mikrotik Academy programs β Lots of training classes β Biggest MUM in the world (2500+ participants, 2-day event) β Very active community (facebook, telegram, forum, etc) β What..? you don't know Mikrotik? Where have you been? 8
- 10. www.glcnetworks.com Router and Routing β Router is a network device that is used to forward packets, based on layer 3 information (layer 3 header) β Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network, or between or across multiple networks 10 Physical router Router icon
- 11. www.glcnetworks.com Typical connection (physical) 11 R2 R1 R3 β Router connects layer 2 segments β Router works on layer 3 β Meaning, each layer 2 segment has network ID
- 12. www.glcnetworks.com Typical connection (logical) and routing table Routing table: β A table at router that is used to forward packet β Available on every devices (router and host) β Entry is executed sequentially 12 192.168.0.0/26 R1 192.168.0.1/26 192.168.0.3/26 192.168.0.2/26 R3 R2 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.3.3/24 192.168.3.9/24 192.168.2.9/24 192.168.2.2/24 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.9/24 destination gateway 192.168.0.0/26 direct 192.168.1.0/24 direct 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.0.3 192.168.16.3/32 192.168.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 (default gw) 192.168.0.3
- 13. www.glcnetworks.com Forwarding packets using routing table β It works like a firewall: match and action β When a packet arrived, routing table is used to forward packets β You should think in binary to understand how it works 13 destination gateway 192.168.16.3/32 11000000 10101000 00001000 00000011 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.0/26 11000000 10101000 00000000 00 direct 192.168.1.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000001 direct 192.168.2.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000010 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000011 192.168.0.3 0.0.0.0/0 (no match) 192.168.0.3
- 14. www.glcnetworks.com A packet arrived at R1β¦ (example) Destination IP address of the packet is 192.168.2.6, which gateway do we use? A: 192.168.2.6 = (11000000 10101000 00000010 00000110) 14 destination gateway 192.168.16.3/32 11000000 10101000 00001000 00000011 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.0/26 11000000 10101000 00000000 00 direct 192.168.1.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000001 direct 192.168.2.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000010 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000011 192.168.0.3 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.3
- 15. www.glcnetworks.com Where routing table lookup happens? 15
- 16. www.glcnetworks.com Administrative distance (analogy) 16 16 CITY 1 100 km CITY 2 120 km CITY 2 90 km CITY 3 500 km CITY 4 250 km 10.10.10.0/24 192.168.0.1 10 10.10.20.0/24 192.168.0.2 12 10.10.20.0/24 192.168.0.3 9 10.10.30.0/24 192.168.0.3 50 10.10.40.0/24 192.168.0.4 25
- 17. www.glcnetworks.com Administrative distance β Distance is considered when prefix length is same β Lowest distance wins β Administrative distance policy is depends on vendor β Table on the right shows an example of administrative distance on cisco router 17
- 18. www.glcnetworks.com Static routing β Entries on routing table is created manually β Admin must manage routing table in all routers β Admin have full control 18 192.168.0.0/26 R1 192.168.0.1/26 192.168.0.3/26 192.168.0.2/26 R3 R2 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.3.3/24 192.168.3.9/24 192.168.2.9/24 192.168.2.2/24 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.9/24 destination gateway 192.168.0.0/26 direct 192.168.1.0/24 direct 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.0.3 192.168.16.3/32 192.168.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.3
- 19. www.glcnetworks.com Dynamic routing β Router will talk to each other with routing protocol (RIP, OSPF, BGP) β Entries on routing table is created automatically β Admin must have a good knowledge about routing protocol 19 192.168.0.0/26 R1 192.168.0.1/26 192.168.0.3/26 192.168.0.2/26 R3 R2 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.3.3/24 192.168.3.9/24 192.168.2.9/24 192.168.2.2/24 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.9/24 destination gateway 192.168.0.0/26 direct 192.168.1.0/24 direct 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.0.3 192.168.16.3/32 192.168.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.3
- 20. www.glcnetworks.com Autonomous system (AS) β Is a collection of routers and networks under one administration and apply single routing policy β AS is identified by a number (ASN), given by RIR (Regional Internet Registry: APNIC, ARIN, RIPE, etc) 20 AS1 AS4 AS3 AS2
- 21. www.glcnetworks.com β Route scope and target scope attributes can be used to resolve nexthop router. β Normally nexthops can be resolved only through routes that are on link. β It is very useful when the gateway is not directly connected Multiple routing protocol: scope and target scope 21 AS1 R1 AS3 AS2 Indirect gateway R1
- 22. www.glcnetworks.com β Currently, routing is done one-way only β Forwarding process on router is based on destination IP address β There is no guarantee incoming path is similar to outgoing path β We can only control outgoing forwarding Important to note 2222 R1 192.168.0.1/26 192.168.0.3/26 R3 R2 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.3.3/24 192.168.3.9/24 192.168.2.9/24 192.168.2.2/24 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.9/24
- 24. www.glcnetworks.com Working layer BGP β On layer 5, need to establish session between router. Aka. peer β On layer 4, TCP port 179 OSPF β No dedicated session peer between router β Working on layer 3 (network layer), multicast 24
- 25. www.glcnetworks.com AS1 Inter-AS vs intra-AS BGP β Mainly for inter-AS routing exchange β Can be used also for intra-AS OSPF β Mainly used for intra-AS routing exchange β 2525 AS4 AS3 AS2
- 26. www.glcnetworks.com AS1 iBGP vs eBGP BGP β eBGP: inter-AS β iBGP: intra-AS OSPF β Used in conjunction with iBGP β 2626 AS4 AS3 AS2
- 27. www.glcnetworks.com Routing perspective BGP β See the whole AS number as a single unit, no matter how many routers in it OSPF β See each router as single unit 27 R2 R1 R2 R1
- 28. www.glcnetworks.com Path determination BGP β Based on AS path OSPF β Based on cost, calculated per link 28 R2 R1 R2 R1
- 29. www.glcnetworks.com Building routing table (topology) BGP β Only exchange information to peer OSPF β Information is flooded to all routers. Each router understand the whole topology 29 R1 R1
- 30. www.glcnetworks.com BGP β eBGP. scope=40, target-scope=10 β iBGP. scope=40, target-scope=30 Scope and target scope OSPF β scope=20, target-scope=10 30 AS1 3030 AS4 AS3 AS2 R1 Indirect gateway for R1
- 31. www.glcnetworks.com BGP β Only one routing entry is chosen β Doesnt support ECMP Load balancing (outgoing traffic) OSPF β Applied on 2 or more links with equal cost. β Use ECMP method 31 R1 R1 R2R2
- 32. www.glcnetworks.com Interested? Just come to our training... β MTCNA + MTCRE, 17-22 JAN 2018, MANILA - PASIG β 100% LAB practice β Not only learn the materials, but also sharing experiences, best-practices, and networking 32
- 33. www.glcnetworks.com Visit our booth at MUM Manila 33
- 35. www.glcnetworks.com End of slides β Thank you for your attention β Please submit your feedback: http://bit.ly/glcfeedback β Like our facebook page: βGLC networksβ β Stay tune with our schedule 35