MILK QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM
- 2. OBJECTIVES • To make milk quality assessment more accurate and cost effective • To make the platform test more fast • To help farmers to test milk parameters directly after milking • Find the fat in milk • To measure pH level of milk • To Detect Humidity and Heat index • To monitor temperature of milk 2
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- 5. • Milk is a highly nutritious liquid consumed by humans for thousands of years. • Milk quality analysis is important to assess its physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics. • Parameters analyzed for milk quality include milk fat content, protein content, somatic cell count, bacterial count, and antibiotic residues. • Milk fat content varies depending on the mammal species, diet, and genetics. 5
- 6. 6 • Protein content in milk is measured using methods like the Kjeldahl, Bradford, and Biuret methods. • Somatic cell count (SCC) indicates white blood cell presence and can indicate udder infection. • Bacterial count indicates hygiene during milking and storage, affecting spoilage and shelf life. • Antibiotic residues in milk are tested for using methods like the Delvo and Charm tests. • Milk quality analysis ensures safety and suitability for consumption. • Producers can maintain quality by monitoring and meeting required standards.
- 8. • Milk quality assessment ensures that milk meets required nutritional standards. • It helps identify potential hazards and ensures the safety of milk. • Milk quality impacts its shelf life, with high- quality milk lasting longer. • Consumer confidence is built through milk quality assessment. • Milk producers need to comply with regulations and standards through quality assessment. 8
- 10. • Milk is a complete natural food on earth • It composed of water, fat, protein, lactose, minerals and vitamins • Water: principle component of milk . It is the medium in which all the milk constitutes dispersed. • Fat: fat is the costliest constituent of milk .it is composed of lipids like major lipids and minor lipids. • Protein: milk is rich in protein content. There are two groups of milk protein casein protein and whey protein • Lactose: Lactose is major soluble component present in milk.it is a disaccharide of glucose and galactose. • Minerals: Minerals are mainly inorganic salts, partly ionized and partly present as complex salts • Vitamins: Milk contains almost all essential vitamins which includes fat soluble and water soluble 10
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- 12. Composition of various species (%) Source: Foods: Facts and Principles, Shakuntala Manay 12
- 13. PFA Standards for different classes and designations of milk in India Source: Foods: Facts and Principles, Shakuntala Manay 13
- 14. FACTORS AFFECTING MILK QUALITY • Total solids content • Somatic cell count • Bacterial count • Fat content • pH level • Temperature • Humidity • Protein content 14
- 16. Define the objective of the milk analyzing system. Select the appropriate sensors for measuring parameters like fat content, temperature or pH value. Set up the hardware, connecting sensors to the Arduino board and ADC. Include a display unit if necessary. Develop the software code using Arduino IDE or compatible software. Calibrate the sensors for accuracy by using samples with known parameters. Test the system using different milk samples with known parameters. Analyze the results and make adjustments if needed. Document the system design, hardware, software, and calibration process. Deploy the system in the desired location and ensure proper maintenance. 16
- 17. METHODOLOGY • Analyzer is making a revolutionary change in dairy industry, our project aimed at making the milk testing method to a simple and cost effective Hardware Design 17
- 18. The hardware system consists of: • Arduino UNO • Temperature Sensor (DS18B20) • pH Sensor • LED module • LDR • Switches • Connecting wires • LED Indicator • LCD Display (16x2) • Adapter • Acrylic Box with Lids 18
- 19. ARDUINO UNO • Arduino Uno is a low-cost, programmable microcontroller board. • It is flexible and easy to use for various electronic projects. • It can be interfaced with other Arduino boards, Arduino shields, and Raspberry Pi. • Arduino Uno can control relays, LEDs, servos, and motors as output. • It features the Atmega328 microcontroller, 6 analogue input pins, and 14 digital I/O pins (6 of which are PWM). • The board has a USB interface for computer connection and uses the Arduino IDE for programming. • It has 32KB flash memory, 2KB SRAM, and 1KB EEPROM. • The operating voltage is 5V, and input voltage ranges from 6V to 20V (recommended: 7V to 12V). 19
- 21. • ATmega328 • Ground Pin • PWM • Digital I/O Pins • Analogue Pins • AREF • Reset Button • USB Interface • DC Power Jack • Power LED • Micro SD Card • 3.3V Pin • 5V Pin • VIN • Voltage Regulator • SPI • TX/RX 21
- 22. PROGRAMMING OF ARDUINO UNO • Arduino UNO is easy to program, suitable for beginners with little technical knowledge. • Arduino IDE software is used to program the board. • The program for Arduino is called a sketch. • Each sketch consists of two main parts: setup() and loop(). • The setup() part sets up initial configurations that only need to be done once. • The loop() part contains instructions that are repeated continuously until the board is turned off. 22
- 23. ARDUINO UNO FEATURES AND SPECIFICATION: • Microcontroller: ATmega328P • Operating Voltage :5V • Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V • Input Voltage (limit) 23
- 24. TEMPERATURE SENSOR (DS18B20) • The DS18B20 is a 1-Wire temperature sensor made by Dallas Semiconductor (now Maxim Integrated). • It requires only one digital pin for communication with the microcontroller. • The sensor is available in two form factors: TO-92 package and waterproof probe. • The TO-92 package is similar to a transistor and is suitable for general temperature measurements. • The waterproof probe form factor is useful for measuring temperatures in distant, underwater, or underground locations.
- 25. SPECIFICATIONS: Power Supply 3V to 5.5V Current Consumption 1mA Temperature Range -55 to 125°C Accuracy ±0.5°C Resolution 9 to 12 bit (selectable) Conversion Time < 750ms 25
- 26. pH SENSOR (ARDUINO BASED) • The pH scale measures the acidity and basicity of a liquid, ranging from 1 to 14. • A reading of 1 is highly acidic, while 14 is highly basic, with 7 being neutral. • pH measurement is important in various applications such as swimming pools, agriculture, wastewater treatment, industries, and environmental monitoring. • The Arduino pH Meter project utilizes a gravity pH sensor and Arduino to measure the pH of a liquid solution. • A 16x2 LCD is used to display the pH value on the screen. 26
- 27. HOW DOES GRAVITY ANALOG pH SENSOR WORK? • Analog pH sensors are used to measure the pH value of a solution and determine its acidity or alkalinity. • They find applications in agriculture, wastewater treatment, industries, and environmental monitoring. • The module features an on-board voltage regulator chip that supports a wide voltage supply range of 3.3- 5.5V DC. • It is compatible with control boards like Arduino that operate at 5V or 3.3V. • The output signal is filtered using hardware low jitter techniques for improved accuracy and stability. 27
- 28. TECHNICAL FEATURES: I) Signal Conversion Module: • Supply Voltage: 3.3~5.5V • BNC Probe Connector • High Accuracy: ±0.1@25°C • Detection Range: 0~14 II) PH electrode: Operating Temperature Range: 5~60°C Zero (Neutral) Point: 7±0.5 Easy calibration Internal Resistance: <250MΩ 28
- 29. ARDUINO PH METER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Circuit diagram for this Arduino pH meter project is given below: 29
- 30. CONNECTION OF PH SIGNAL CONVERSION BOARD WITH ARDUINO: Arduino PH Sensor board 5V V+ GND G A0 Po 30
- 31. LED MODULES (12V) Features: • Powered by high output 2835 LED • Constant voltage • Clear 120° optic lens • 20 pcs per string • CE, RoHS, UL, TUV, BIS, CB and LM- 80 certified 31
- 32. LDR • LDR stands for Light Dependent Resistor, also known as a photoresistor or photocell. • It is a type of resistor that changes its resistance based on the amount of light falling on its surface. • More light decreases the resistance of the LDR, while less light increases its resistance. • The LDR can be represented by two common symbols in circuit diagrams. • In the Arduino LDR tutorial, an LDR is connected in series with a 10k resistor. • The circuit detects light levels and controls an LED, turning it on or off based on the intensity of light falling on the LDR. 32
- 33. DHT11 (Heat Index and Humidity sensor) • The DHT11 Heat Index Sensor measures temperature and humidity levels in the environment. • It utilizes a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor for accurate measurement. • The sensor provides a digital signal output compatible with microcontrollers like Arduino. • It allows for comprehensive assessment of the combined effects of temperature and humidity. • The DHT11 Heat Index Sensor is used in various applications that require monitoring of heat index levels. • It is significant in fields such as weather monitoring, agriculture, HVAC systems, and outdoor safety. • The sensor provides valuable data for assessing environmental conditions and making informed decisions. 33
- 34. Features and Specifications: • The DHT11 Heat Index Sensor offers several key features that make it suitable for a wide range of applications. Some notable features include: • Temperature Measurement: The sensor can measure temperatures ranging from 0 to 50 degrees Celsius with an accuracy of ±2 degrees Celsius. • Humidity Measurement: It can measure relative humidity within a range of 20% to 90% with an accuracy of ±5%. • Heat Index Calculation: By combining temperature and humidity readings, the sensor can calculate the heat index, which represents the perceived temperature or the "feels like" temperature. • Digital Output: The DHT11 sensor provides a digital signal output, making it easy to interface with microcontrollers or other digital devices for data acquisition and analysis. 34
- 35. Acrylic Box with Lid • Material: Acrylic Size: L*B*H (10*10*10 cm) • Color: Black 35
- 36. SYSTEM CODING 36
- 37. RESULTS The Milk Analyser contains an Arduino Micro Controller, LCD display milk fat testing module, pH testing probe, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, heat index sensor, specific gravity calculation. 37
- 38. pH Testing 38
- 41. Heat Index and Humidity 41
- 42. Working Principle The milk analysing system operates by integrating multiple sensors with an Arduino microcontroller, which serves as the brain of the system. Let's explore the working principle of each component 42
- 43. pH Sensor: The pH sensor is responsible for measuring the acidity or alkalinity of the milk. It utilizes a glass electrode that detects changes in hydrogen ion concentration. When the sensor comes into contact with milk, it generates a voltage proportional to the pH level. This voltage is then converted into a pH value using the Arduino's analog-to- digital converter (ADC). In our case, the pH value recorded was 6.2, indicating a slightly acidic nature. 43
- 44. Temperature Sensor (DS18B20): The DS18B20 temperature sensor is a digital sensor that accurately measures the temperature of the milk. It utilizes a one-wire protocol, enabling multiple sensors to be connected to a single digital pin of the Arduino microcontroller. The sensor provides temperature readings in degrees Celsius, and in our experiment, it recorded a temperature of 28 degrees Celsius. 44
- 45. LDR System for Fat Content Analysis: To analyse the fat content in milk, we employed a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) system. The LDR measures the amount of light transmitted through the milk, which is inversely proportional to the fat content. When the milk contains more fat, it absorbs more light, resulting in a lower resistance value across the LDR. The Arduino microcontroller reads this resistance value using an analogy input pin and calculates the fat content based on a calibration curve. In our case, the fat content was measured as 3.2. 45
- 46. Humidity Sensor & Heat Index Sensor: The humidity sensor measures the moisture content in the surrounding environment. While not directly related to milk analysis, monitoring humidity is crucial to maintain optimal storage conditions. A higher humidity level can lead to spoilage and bacterial growth, affecting milk quality and refrigeration. By integrating a humidity sensor into the system, we can ensure the milk is stored in an appropriate environment. The heat index sensor measures the combined effects of temperature and humidity to determine the perceived temperature or heat index. This parameter helps assess the comfort level and potential heat stress. Monitoring the heat index is important during milk processing and transportation, as extreme conditions can impact milk quality and shelf life. In our experiment, the heat index was recorded as 56.15. 46
- 47. Applications: The milk analysing system developed using an Arduino microcontroller has numerous practical applications in the dairy industry. Here are a few notable examples: • Quality Control: The system enables real-time monitoring of pH, temperature, fat content, humidity, and heat index, ensuring milk quality and safety standards are met throughout the production and storage processes. • Process Optimization: By continuously analysing milk parameters, dairy farmers and processors can optimize their production processes, identify potential issues, and make informed decisions to improve efficiency and quality. • Product Authentication: The system can be used to verify the authenticity of milk products by comparing the analysed parameters with established standards. This helps detect adulteration or dilution of milk, ensuring consumers receive genuine and unadulterated products. • Research and Development: The milk analysing system provides a valuable tool 47
- 48. CONCLUSIO N • The milk quality monitoring system using an Arduino microcontroller is a significant advancement in ensuring milk quality and safety. By integrating various sensors, such as pH, temperature, LDR for fat content analysis, humidity, and heat index sensors, the system can monitor and analyze crucial parameters for milk quality. • It provides real-time data and user-friendly interface for informed decision-making. The system has practical applications in dairy farms, processing plants, and distribution centers, enabling quality adherence, process optimization, and detection of adulteration. Researchers can also benefit from the system for studying milk properties. Overall, the system proves effective in monitoring and ensuring milk quality, revolutionizing the industry and providing safe products to consumers.
- 49. COST ANALYSIS S no. Component Amount (Rupees/-) 1 Arduino UNO with cable/wires 699/- 2 Temperature Sensor DS18D20 80/- 3 LDR (1 Inch Sensor) 28/- 4 pH Sensor 1900/- 5 DHT11(Humidity, Heat Index) 83/- 6 12V LED Module 20/- 7 LCD Display 125/- 8 Acrylic Box with Lid 759/- 9 Switches 3/- 10 LEDs 15/- 11 Borosil Glass 50/- TOTAL PROJECT COST 3762/- 49
- 50. Price Comparison with Currently available Milk Monitoring System 50 Hindustan Thermostatics Ultra Scan Kurien Twinsonic Milk Analyzer Price: 48,900 Rupees/-
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- 52. GROUP MEMBERS 52 Aafiya H A, Anjalikrishna P A, Abhishek P S, Anjali P S, Adarsh N Dinesh
- 53. THANK YOU ! 53