Minerals and trace elements introduction
This document discusses minerals in the human body. It explains that minerals are natural chemical compounds that make up the crystalline structure of tissues and help various body functions, but humans cannot produce them. The body consists of around 29 different mineral elements that are divided into five groups based on their daily requirements and effects of deficiency. Group I elements like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are components of macromolecules. Group II macro-minerals like sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus are required in amounts over 100mg daily and deficiencies can be fatal. Group III trace elements under 100mg daily like iron and zinc are essential and deficiencies cause serious disorders. Group IV elements may be essential but their roles are unknown, while Group V elements
Minerals and trace elements introduction
- 1. Clinical Biochemistry SIMS-305 Dr. Ali Raza Senior Lecturer Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine (CHGMM), Sindh Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), SIUT. 1
- 3. Minerals • Natural chemical compound • Crystalline Form • Human body does not make minerals • No energy or calories values • help functions in your body
- 4. Minerals • At least 29 different types of elements in our body. • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids 90% consist of • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen
- 5. The elements of the body are divided in Five major groups: • Group. I • Group. II • Group. III • Group. IV • Group. V
- 6. Group. I : • Components of macromolecules (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids) Examples • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen
- 7. Group. II: Macro-elements • Important minerals / Principal elements. • Daily requirement = > 100 mg • Deficiency can prove Fatal. • Sodium (Na) • Potassium (K) • Chlorine (Cl) • Calcium (Ca) • Phosphorous (P) • Magnesium (Mg)
- 8. Group. III: Trace elements • Essential • Daily requirement is < 100 mg per day. • Deficiency can lead to Serious disorders. E.g.: • Iron (Fe) • Zinc (Ze) • Selenium (Se) • Copper (Cu) • Cr, Co, I, Mn, Mo,
- 9. Group. IV: • Additional trace elements • Possibly essential. • Exact role is not known. • E.g.: Cd, Ni, Si, Sn, Vn.
- 10. Group. V: Not essential elements and may be toxic. • No known function in the body • May enter the body through polluted air, water, soil, • E.g.: • As, CN–, Hg, etc.
Editor's Notes
- #4: Naturally occurring chemical compound usually of crystalline form Minerals do not give you energy or calories, but can help with other functions in your body. Human body does not make minerals Trace minerals are elements that are needed is smaller amounts, 1-100mg/day by adults and are less than .01 percent of total body weight. These include Copper, Chromium, Fluoride, Iodine, Iron, Molybdenum, Manganese,Selenium, and Zinc.