Minicurso de TestesOnRails

Mini-Curso
TestesOnRails
Desenvolvimento Orientado a Testes em Rails
1

http://www.railsrx.com 4

O que testar?
Quando testar?
Quanto testar?
Quantos asserts por teste?
Teste quebrado
mudar teste ou código?

5

Contextualização

Testes, Testes Automatizados, Desenvolvimento
Orientado a Testes, Design Evolutivo,
Ferramentas de Teste

TestesOnRails

Unit, Functionals, Integration,View,View Helpers,
Routes, Performance, Mocks

Shoulda, RSpec, RSpec-Rails, faker, Cucumber,
Koujou
6

$
cr
iaç
ão

de
sc
ob
er
ta
co
rr
eç
ão

(...)
public void meuTeste() {
int par1 = 1;
int par2 = 1;
int result = Classe.soma(par1,par1);
assertEquals(2, result);
}
(...)

(...)
public int soma(int a, int b) {
// código
}
(...)

(...)
int par1 = 1;
Preparação
int par2 = 1;
}
(...)

(...)
// código
}
(...)

(...)
int par1 = 1;
int par2 = 1;
Exercício
}
(...)

(...)
// código
}
(...)

(...)
int par1 = 1;
int par2 = 1;

}
Veriﬁcação
(...)

(...)
// código
}
(...)

10 20 30 40

30 30 30 30

10 20 30 40 50

30 30 30 30 30

10 20 30 40 50 60

30 30 30 30 30 30

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

30 30 30 30 30 30 30

public class Romanos {

public static String parse(int entrada) {

StringBuilder resultado = new StringBuilder();
if (entrada <= 3) {
for (int i = 0; i < entrada; i++)
resultado.append("I");
return resultado.toString();
}

else if (entrada == 4) {
return "IV";
} else if(entrada == 5){
return "V";
} else if (entrada < 9){
resultado.append("V");
}else if (entrada == 9){
return "IX";
}else{
return "X";
}
}

}


public static String parse(int entrada) { else if (entrada == 4) {
return "IV";
else if (entrada == 4) { } else if(entrada == 5){
return "IV"; return "V";
} else if(entrada == 5){ }
return "IV";
return "V"; } else if(entrada == 5){
} }
return "V";
}
}
}

public class Romanos {


StringBuilder resultado = new StringBuilder();
public static String parse(int entrada) { if (entrada <= 3) {
for (int i = 0; i < entrada; i++) public static String parse(int entrada) {
else if (entrada == 4) { resultado.append("I");
return "IV"; return resultado.toString(); else if (entrada == 4) {
} else if(entrada == 5){ } return "IV";
return "V"; } else if(entrada == 5){
} else if (entrada == 4) { return "V";
return "IV"; }
} } else if(entrada == 5){
return "V"; }
} else if (entrada < 9){
resultado.append("V");
}else if (entrada == 9){
return "IX";
}else{
return "X";
}
}

}
public static String parse(int entrada) { public static String parse(int entrada) {
else if (entrada == 4) { else if (entrada == 4) {
return "IV"; return "IV";
} else if(entrada == 5){ } else if(entrada == 5){
return "V"; return "V";
} }
} }

return "IV";
} else if(entrada == 5){
return "V";
}

}

evolvability
maintainability

mantenabilidade
manutenibilidade
manutenabilidade

capacidade de manutenção

RED

código teste

GREEN

RED

código teste

GREEN

refactoring

RED
Plan

Do
GREEN

Check

RED
Plan

Do Act
GREEN

Check

Foco
Ritmo
RED

GREEN

Foco
Ritmo
RED
Disciplina

GREEN

Foco
Ritmo
RED
Disciplina
Simplicidade

GREEN

Testes

Testes Automáticos

Desenvolvimento Orientado a Testes

Design Evolutivo

Ferramentas 46

http://www.railsrx.com 48

Quando se fala de
testes, fala-se de...
Mudanças
Corretude
Direcionamento
Robustez
Design evolutivo
Documentação 49

O que testar?
caminho feliz

caminhos alternativos

erros conhecidos e esperados
50

$ rails kiwitter
create
create app/controllers
create app/helpers
create app/models
create app/views/layouts
create config/environments
create config/initializers
create config/locales
(...)
create log/server.log
create log/production.log
create log/development.log
create log/test.log
55

kiwitter $ script/generate scaffold user
login:string
email:string
password:string
exists app/models/
exists app/controllers/
exists app/helpers/
create app/views/users
exists app/views/layouts/
(...)
create test/unit/user_test.rb
create test/ﬁxtures/users.yml
create db/migrate
create db/migrate/20090729120900_create_users.rb
56

kiwitter $ script/server
=> Booting WEBrick
=> Rails 2.3.3 application starting on http://0.0.0.0:3000
=> Call with -d to detach
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
[2009-07-29 09:29:22] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2009-07-29 09:29:22] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2009-06-12) [powerpc-darwin9]
[2009-07-29 09:29:22] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=54915 port=3000
57

kiwitter $ rake db:migrate
(in ...maredeagilidade_ceara/labs/rails_test/kiwitter)
== CreateUsers: migrating ========================================
-- create_table(:users)
-> 0.0082s
== CreateUsers: migrated (0.0094s) =================================

58

Unit
Functional
Integration
Performance

Tests
59

kiwitter $ rake -T
rake test
rake test:benchmark
rake test:functionals
rake test:integration
rake test:plugins
rake test:proﬁle
rake test:recent
rake test:uncommitted
rake test:units 60

kiwitter $ rake test:units

Started
........FE
Finished in 1.181401 seconds.

61

........FE
1) Failure:
test_should_sign_in_only_when_vali
d_credentials_are_given(UserTest) [/
test/unit/user_test.rb:25]:
<nil> is not true.

62

........FE
2) Error:
test_should_display_user_greetings(
UsersHelperTest):
ArgumentError: wrong number of
arguments (1 for 0)

63

Rails
environments

test development production 64

Test fixture refers to the fixed
state used as a baseline for
running tests in software testing.
The purpose of a test fixture is to
ensure that there is a well known
and fixed environment in which
tests are run so that results are
repeatable. Some people call this
the test context.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_fixture 67

http://ar.rubyonrails.org/classes/Fixtures.html 69

Inicialização da base
database.yml

Identiﬁcação dos
arquivos de testes
test/**/*.rb

Para cada teste
identiﬁcação dos
métodos de testes
70

Para cada método de teste
test “should xxx yyy”

1. carrega fixtures
test/fixtures/users.yml
2. executa setup
3. executa o teste
.....FE
4. executa teardown
5. “descarrega” fixtures
rollback ou delete 71

ios
ár
n it
s U
s t e
Te

72

Test::Unit::TestCase
ActiveSupport::TestCase +
Rails Unit Tests

73

Rails Unit Tests

1. ﬁxtures
2. setup
3. test/unit/*_test.rb
4. teardown
74

assert
assert_not_same
assert_block
assert_nothing_raised
assert_equal
assert_nothing_thrown
assert_in_delta
assert_operator
assert_instance_of
assert_raise
assert_kind_of
assert_raises
assert_match
assert_respond_to
assert_nil
assert_same
assert_no_match
assert_send
assert_not_equal
assert_throws
assert_not_nil
75

http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib/ 76

http://api.rubyonrails.org/ 77

assert assert_nothing_thrown
assert_block assert_operator
assert_equal assert_raise
assert_in_delta assert_raises
assert_instance_of assert_respond_to
assert_kind_of assert_same
assert_match assert_send
assert_nil assert_throws
assert_no_match build_message
assert_not_equal ﬂunk
assert_not_nil use_pp=
assert_not_same assert_difference
assert_nothing_raised assert_no_difference
78

...
/opt/local/bin/ruby -I"lib:test" "/opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/
1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb" "test/
unit/helpers/users_helper_test.rb" "test/unit/
user_test.rb"
Loaded suite /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/
lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
.

1 tests, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
82

/opt/local/bin/ruby -I"lib:test" "/opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/
lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb" "test/unit/helpers/users_helper_test.rb" "test/
unit/user_test.rb"
Loaded suite /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/
rake_test_loader
Started
.F

1) Failure:
test_should_require_login(UserTest) [/test/unit/user_test.rb:16]:
<nil> is not true.

rake aborted!
Command failed with status (1): [/opt/local/bin/ruby -I"lib:test" "/opt/loc...]

(See full trace by running task with --trace) 84

/opt/local/bin/ruby -I"lib:test" "/opt/local/lib/ruby/
gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/
rake_test_loader.rb" "test/unit/helpers/
users_helper_test.rb" "test/unit/user_test.rb"
Loaded suite /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/
rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
..

86

Labs
Desenvolver Orientado a Testes

Validação de obrigatoriedade de senha e email
Validação de unicidade do login
Validação formato do email

87

/opt/local/bin/ruby -I"lib:test" "/opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/
rake_test_loader.rb" "test/unit/helpers/users_helper_test.rb" "test/unit/user_test.rb"
Loaded suite /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader
Started
..E

1) Error:
test_should_sign_in_only_when_valid_credentials_are_given(UserTest):
NoMethodError: undeﬁned method `signin' for #<Class:0x1a761f0>
/test/unit/user_test.rb:22:in
`test_should_sign_in_only_when_valid_credentials_are_given'

rake aborted!

(See full trace by running task with --trace)
90

1) Error:
test_should_sign_in_only_when_valid_credentials_are_given(UserTest):
ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (2 for 0)
/test/unit/user_test.rb:22:in `signin'
/test/unit/user_test.rb:22:in
`test_should_sign_in_only_when_valid_credentials_are_given'

3 tests, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 1 errors 91

1) Failure:
test_should_sign_in_only_when_valid_credentials_are_given(UserTest)
[/test/unit/user_test.rb:22]:
<nil> is not true.

92

1) Failure:
test_should_sign_in_only_when_valid_credentials_are_given(UserTest)
[/test/unit/user_test.rb:23]:
<false> is not true.

93

Quem
espera
false?
94

1) Failure:
test_should_sign_in_only_when_valid_credentials_are_given(UserT
est) [/test/unit/user_test.rb:22]:
<nil> is not true.

1) Failure:
test_should_sign_in_only_when_valid_credentials_are_given(UserT
est) [/test/unit/user_test.rb:23]:


Problema quando se tem vários
asserts num mesmo test case. 95

rake_test_loader.rb" "test/unit/helpers/users_helper_test.rb" "test/unit/user_test.rb"
Started
.FF..

1) Failure:
test_should_not_sign_in_when_invalid_password_is_given(UserTest) [/test/unit/
user_test.rb:27]:

2) Failure:
test_should_not_sign_in_when_invalid_username_is_given(UserTest) [/test/unit/
user_test.rb:31]:

rake aborted!


1) Failure:
test_should_sign_in_only_when_valid_credentials_are_given(U
serTest) [/test/unit/user_test.rb:23]:
<nil> is not true.

98

Fixtures
mecanismo para criação de massa de dados de testes

99

/opt/local/bin/ruby -I"lib:test" "/opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/
gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb" "test/unit/
helpers/users_helper_test.rb" "test/unit/user_test.rb"
Started
.....


102

Labs

Testes unitários como TDD para
criação (post) de mensagens (update)
por um usuário
103

ActiveSupport::TestCase +
ActiveController::TestCase +
Rails Functional Tests

106

ActiveController::TestCase
Métodos Mock Objects “Hashes”

get @controller session
post @request cookies
put @response ﬂash
delete assigns
xhr
@response.body session[:user_id]
107

ActiveController::TestCase

assert_dom_equal assert_select
assert_dom_not_equal assert_select_email
assert_valid assert_select_encoded
assert_redirected_to assert_select_rjs
assert_response css_select
assert_template response_from_page_or_rjs
assert_generates unescape_rjs
assert_recognizes assert_no_tag
assert_routing assert_tag

108

1. setup
params = {:project_id => @project.id.to_s, :task_id => @task.id.to_s}
session = {:user_id => 12345}

2. teste
<método http> <método do controller> <params> <session> <ﬂash>

get :index
post :create params session
put :update {:notice => “Task updated”}
delete ...
109

Não testa rotas!

*Sempre* enviar parâmetros
HTTP como string

110

st atus
assert_ response

‘c onteúdo’
assert_t emplate

ionam ento
redirec t
asser t_redirec

111

assert_response 200
assert_response 404
assert_response :success
assert_response :missing
assert_template “index”
assert_template “users/new”
assert_redirect_to :controller => task, :id => 3
assert_redirect_to new_task_url
assert_redirect_to @task
112

Unit Tests

Functional Tests 113

kiwitter $ rake test:functionals
/opt/local/bin/ruby -I"lib:test" "/opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/
rake/rake_test_loader.rb" "test/functional/users_controller_test.rb"
rake_test_loader
Started
F......

1) Failure:
test_should_create_user(UsersControllerTest) [/test/functional/
users_controller_test.rb:16]:
"User.count" didn't change by 1.
<3> expected but was
<2>.

rake aborted!


gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb" "test/
functional/users_controller_test.rb"
Started
.......


118

kiwitter $ script/generate controller sessions new
exists app/controllers/
exists app/helpers/
create app/views/sessions
exists test/functional/
exists test/unit/helpers/
create app/controllers/sessions_controller.rb
create test/functional/sessions_controller_test.rb
create app/helpers/sessions_helper.rb
create test/unit/helpers/sessions_helper_test.rb
create app/views/sessions/new.html.erb

120

rake_test_loader.rb" "test/functional/sessions_controller_test.rb" "test/functional/
users_controller_test.rb"
Started
F.......

1) Failure:
test_should_authenticate_user(SessionsControllerTest) [/test/functional/
sessions_controller_test.rb:8]:
<nil> expected to not be nil. assert_not_nil
8 tests, 12 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors assigns(:user)
rake aborted!

123

/opt/local/bin/ruby -I"lib:test" "/opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/
lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb" "test/functional/sessions_controller_test.rb"
"test/functional/users_controller_test.rb"
rake_test_loader
Started
F.......
Finished in 0.57468 seconds. assert_template
"users/home"
1) Failure:
expecting <"users/home"> but rendering with <"sessions/create.html.erb">

rake aborted!


rake/rake_test_loader.rb" "test/functional/sessions_controller_test.rb" "test/
rake_test_loader
Started
F.......
inconsistência

1) Failure:
Expected response to be a <:success>, but was <302>

rake aborted!

127

rake/rake_test_loader.rb" "test/functional/sessions_controller_test.rb" "test/
rake_test_loader
Started redirect não implica na
F....... renderização da página de
Finished in 0.99891 seconds. destino
1) Failure:
expecting <"users/home"> but rendering with <"">

rake aborted!

129

kiwitter alegomes$ rake test:functionals
functional/sessions_controller_test.rb" "test/functional/
users_controller_test.rb"
Started
........


131

Labs
Testar/implementar autenticação
de usuário inválido
@user não deve ser criada
usuário deve ser redirecionado para página de login

Testar/implementar
post de mensagem

132

Testes de Integração

133

Req Controller 1

Req Controller 2

Req Controller 3

?
134

Testes de Integração

Testes de Aceitação
135

Integração
desenvolvedores

X
linguagem ruby
Aceitação
clientes
linguagem natural

136

TD
não participa do ciclo de

137

{post, get, delete...}_via_redirect
segue todos os redirects

follow_redirect!
segue apenas um redirect

redirect?
veriﬁca se a última req foi redirect

https!
faz com que todas as reqs pareçam HTTPs

host!
altera o servidor da app
138

kiwitter $ script/generate integration_test post_updates
exists test/integration/
create test/integration/post_updates_test.rb

140

kiwitter $ rake test:integration
integration/post_updates_test.rb"
Started
.


142

assert_select("form")
veriﬁca a existência da tag <form>

<span>Maré de Agilidade</span>
assert_select("span", "Maré de Agilidade")
assert_select("span", /Agilidade/)

147

kiwitter $ rake test:integration
integration/post_updates_test.rb"
Started
.


151

1) Failure:
test_should_post_an_update(PostUpdatesTest) [/test/
integration/post_updates_test.rb:15]:
Expected at least 1 element matching
"div#welcome_messageeeeeeeee", found 0.


152

Testes dos View Helpers

153

rake_test_loader.rb" "test/unit/helpers/sessions_helper_test.rb" "test/unit/helpers/
updates_helper_test.rb" "test/unit/helpers/users_helper_test.rb" "test/unit/
update_test.rb" "test/unit/user_test.rb"
Started
.......E

1) Error:
test_should_display_user_greetings(UsersHelperTest):
NoMethodError: undeﬁned method `display_greetings' for #<UsersHelperTest:
0x1ba7e84>
/test/unit/helpers/users_helper_test.rb:10:in `test_should_display_user_greetings'

rake aborted!

157

158

Testes de Rotas

160

ActionController::Assertions::RoutingAssertions

assert_generates
assert_generates "/items", :controller => "items", :action => "index"

assert_recognizes
assert_recognizes {:controller => 'items', :action => 'create'},
{:path => 'items', :method => :post}

assert_routing
assert_routing '/home', :controller => 'home', :action => 'index'

http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionController/Assertions/RoutingAssertions.html 161

Labs
View
View Helper
Routes
162

Objeto real indisponível ou de difícil acesso.

Reprodução de cenários complexos.

166

Mocks Aren't Stubs
The term 'Mock Objects' has become a popular one to
describe special case objects that mimic real objects for
testing. Most language environments now have frameworks
that make it easy to create mock objects. What's often not
realized, however, is that mock objects are but one form of
special case test object, one that enables a different style of
testing. In this article I'll explain how mock objects work,
how they encourage testing based on behavior veriﬁcation,
and how the community around them uses them to develop
a different style of testing.

http://www.martinfowler.com/articles/mocksArentStubs.html 167

Objeto falso que retorna um valor predeterminado
para uma chamada de método

objeto.stubs(:metodo).and_returns("alguma coisa")

“ignore a implementacao real de objeto.metodo e
retorne ‘alguma coisa’”

se objeto.metodo for invocado
retornará "alguma coisa"

se objeto.metodo NÃO for invocado
nada acontecerá
169

171

172

semelhante ao stub,
com uma diferença
objeto.stubs(:metodo).adn_returns("alguma coisa")

se objeto.metodo for invocado
retornará "alguma coisa"

se objeto.metodo NÃO for invocado
o teste falhará

174

1) Failure:
test_mock_example(UserTest) [/test/unit/user_test.rb:35]:
not all expectations were satisfied
unsatisfied expectations:
- expected exactly once, not yet invoked: #<Mock:0x1884090>.email(any_parameters)
satisfied expectations:
- expected exactly once, already invoked once: #<Mock:0x1884090>.login(any_parameters)

rake aborted!

175


176

mocks returns
raises
any_instance
with
pattern matches
177

User.any_instance.expects(:login).returns(nil)

user.login deve ser executado
apenas uma única vez

178

user.expects(:login).once
user.expects(:login).twice
user.expects(:login).at_least_once
user.expects(:login).at_most_once
user.expects(:login).at_least(3)
user.expects(:login).at_most(3)
user.expects(:login).times(5)
user.expects(:login).times(4..6)
user.expects(:login).never
179

http://ﬂexmock.rubyforge.org
http://mocha.rubyforge.org
http://double-ruby.rubyforge.org
http://rspec.info

180

Labs
Stubs e Mocks

181

http://thoughtbot.com/projects/shoulda 182

context
setup do
@u = ....
end

should “alguma coisa” do
assert....
end
end
183

$ sudo gem install thoughtbot-shoulda --source=http://gems.github.com
Password:
Successfully installed thoughtbot-shoulda-2.10.2
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for thoughtbot-shoulda-2.10.2...
Installing RDoc documentation for thoughtbot-shoulda-2.10.2...

http://wiki.github.com/thoughtbot/shoulda/installation 184

require ‘shoulda‘

185

http://dev.thoughtbot.com/shoulda/ 186

assert_accepts
assert_contains
assert_does_not_contain
assert_rejects
assert_same_elements

http://dev.thoughtbot.com/shoulda/classes/Shoulda/Assertions.html 187

assert_bad_value
assert_good_value
assert_save
assert_valid

http://dev.thoughtbot.com/shoulda/classes/Shoulda/ActiveRecord/Assertions.html 188

assert_did_not_send_email
assert_sent_email

http://dev.thoughtbot.com/shoulda/classes/Shoulda/ActionMailer/Assertions.html 189

should_change should_render_without_layout
should_not_change should_respond_with
should_assign_to should_respond_with_content_type
should_filter_params should_return_from_session
should_not_assign_to should_route
should_not_set_the_flash should_set_session
should_redirect_to should_set_the_flash_to
should_render_template should_render_a_form
should_render_with_layout should_render_page_with_metadata

http://dev.thoughtbot.com/shoulda/classes/Shoulda/Macros.html
http://dev.thoughtbot.com/shoulda/classes/Shoulda/ActionController/Macros.html
http://dev.thoughtbot.com/shoulda/classes/Shoulda/ActionView/Macros.html 191

should_allow_mass_assignment_of
should_have_named_scope
should_allow_values_for
should_have_one
should_belong_to
should_have_readonly_attributes
should_ensure_length_at_least
should_not_allow_mass_assignment_of
should_ensure_length_in_range
should_not_allow_values_for
should_ensure_length_is
should_only_allow_numeric_values_for
should_ensure_value_in_range
should_protect_attributes
should_have_and_belong_to_many
should_require_acceptance_of
should_have_class_methods
should_require_attributes
should_have_db_column
should_require_unique_attributes
should_have_db_columns
should_validate_acceptance_of
should_have_index
should_validate_numericality_of
should_have_indices
should_validate_presence_of
should_have_instance_methods
should_validate_uniqueness_of
should_have_many

http://dev.thoughtbot.com/shoulda/classes/Shoulda/ActiveRecord/Macros.html 192

194

“ RSpec is
the original
Behaviour
Driven
Development
framework for
Ruby.

http://rspec.info

Test Driven *

corretude qualidade

< 100% = 100%

rebola a ordem não
no mato importa
195

testes
passado
descrição de algo pronto

X
especiﬁcação
futuro
descrição de algo inexistente
196

$ sudo gem install rspec
Password:
**************************************************

Thank you for installing rspec-1.2.8

Please be sure to read History.rdoc and Upgrade.rdoc
for useful information about this release.

**************************************************
Successfully installed rspec-1.2.8
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for rspec-1.2.8...
Installing RDoc documentation for rspec-1.2.8...
(...)
197

kiwitter_rspec $ script/generate rspec
exists lib/tasks
create lib/tasks/rspec.rake
create script/autospec
create script/spec
create script/spec_server
exists spec
create spec/rcov.opts
create spec/spec.opts
create spec/spec_helper.rb
198

kiwitter_rspec $ rake -T
rake spec rake spec:plugin_doc
rake spec:clobber_rcov rake spec:plugins
rake spec:controllers rake spec:plugins:rspec_on_rails
rake spec:db:ﬁxtures:load rake spec:rcov
rake spec:doc rake spec:server:restart
rake spec:helpers rake spec:server:start
rake spec:integration rake spec:server:status
rake spec:lib rake spec:server:stop
rake spec:models rake spec:views

199

describe funcionalidade
it “should do A” do
...
end
it “should do B” do
actual.should expected
end
...
end
200

should_not should have_at_most
should be_true
be_instance_of have_exactly
should be_false
should_not helper
should be_nil
be_an_instance_of should include
should
should be_close should_not include
be_[arbitrary_predicate]
should_not be_close inspect_object
should_not be_nil
be_instance_of should match
should_not
be_kind_of should_not match
be_[arbitrary_predicate]
should change should raise_error
be_a
should_not change should_not raise_error
should be_kind_of
should eql should respond_to
should be_a_kind_of
should_not eql should_not respond_to
should_not be_kind_of
should equal should satisfy
should_not
should_not equal should_not satisfy
be_a_kind_of
should exist simple_matcher
be_an
should_not exist should throw_symbol
should be_instance_of
should have should_not
should
should_not have throw_symbol
be_an_instance_of
should have_at_least wrap_expectation

http://rspec.rubyforge.org/rspec/1.2.8/classes/Spec/Matchers.html 203

expected.XXXXX?
expected.should be_XXXXX
expected.should be_a_XXXXX
expected.should be_an_XXXXX
expected.should have_key(:k)
expected.has_key?(:k)
expected.should have(10).items
expected.should have(10).laranjas
expected.should have(10).ﬁlhos
204

$ sudo gem install rspec-rails
Password:
**************************************************

Thank you for installing rspec-rails-1.2.7.1

If you are upgrading, do this in each of your rails apps
that you want to upgrade:

$ ruby script/generate rspec

Please be sure to read History.rdoc and Upgrade.rdoc
for useful information about this release.

**************************************************
Successfully installed rspec-rails-1.2.7.1
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for rspec-rails-1.2.7.1...
Installing RDoc documentation for rspec-rails-1.2.7.1...
(...) 207

$ rails kiwitter_rspec
create
create app/controllers
create app/helpers
create app/models
create app/views/layouts
create config/environments
create config/initializers
create config/locales
create db
create doc
(...)
208

kiwitter_rspec $ script/generate rspec_scaffold user login:string
password:string
email:string
(...)
create spec/controllers/
create spec/routing/
create spec/models/
create spec/helpers/
create spec/ﬁxtures/
create spec/views/users
create spec/integration/
(...)
create spec/views/users/new.html.erb_spec.rb
create spec/views/users/show.html.erb_spec.rb
create spec/integration/users_spec.rb
create db/migrate
create db/migrate/20090802144903_create_users.rb
route map.resources :users
209

script/generate rspec_scaffold update
user:references message:text

script/generate migration update_user_join

210

Mais testes
gerados que o
tradicional
Test::Unit
211

alta especialização
212

Controller Spec

214

Controller Spec

response.should
response.should_not
{ be_success
be_redirect
redirect_to(url ou hash)
render_template(‘users/home’)

215

View Spec

Test::Unit RSpec
assigns(@user) assigns[:user]
session[:user_id] session[:user_id]
cookies[“user_id”] cookies[“user_id”]
ﬂash[:notice] ﬂash[:notice]
217

View Spec

{
be_valid
have_rjs
response.should have_tag
response.should_not have_text
have_text
send_email

response.should have_tag “xxx” do
...
end { with_encoded
with_tag
without_tag

http://rspec.rubyforge.org/rspec-rails/1.2.7.1/classes/Spec/Rails/Matchers.html 218

Routing Spec

...

219

{
spec
spec:controllers
spec:helpers
spec:integration
rake spec:lib
spec:models
spec:plugins
spec:views
221

kiwitter_rspec $ rake spec:models
..

Finished in 1.703168 seconds

2 examples, 0 failures

222

faker
Faker (...) is used to easily
generate fake data

http://faker.rubyforge.org 224

kiwitter $ sudo gem install faker
Password:
Successfully installed faker-0.3.1
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for faker-0.3.1...
Installing RDoc documentation for faker-0.3.1...

225

require ‘faker‘

226

Maida McDermott
April Metz
Rowena Jakubowski
Anita Lueilwitz
Alena Ferry
227

puts Faker::Internet.email
mia_schmidt@quigleycrist.ca
nicolette@king.uk
isaac@schmitt.info
cade_buckridge@spinkajaskolski.com
laurine@klein.name

puts Faker::Address.zip_code
11695
72143
21715-9288
15719-7873
90548-7155
228

puts Faker::Lorem.paragraphs(2)
Rerum quos hic et. Autem harum ea asperiores consequatur libero et. Ipsum cumque dicta optio
voluptate. Et quia officia minus iure vitae. Ducimus delectus unde neque odio voluptas
inventore minima.
Fugiat nihil error incidunt nihil quo natus omnis. Quis consequatur aut totam ad. Doloribus
nihil officiis nobis rerum tempora. Nam eos mollitia delectus assumenda veritatis.

Itaque voluptatem repudiandae odit provident error ut. Perspiciatis est facilis sit quis et
qui vel. Hic corrupti recusandae aliquid possimus.
Et error ad ut voluptatem non labore. Accusantium non tempore aut assumenda architecto enim.
Quasi eos et dicta. Tempore quia optio eos pariatur fugiat.

Est neque molestias aliquid et. Dolor cum nemo tempora. Eum ratione esse quam magni officiis
dolor. Earum maxime sit eaque optio laboriosam tempora voluptatibus.
Quo illum ipsa sit. Ea sequi id et sunt nemo quibusdam maxime. Ab voluptate nesciunt maxime
rerum iure explicabo in. Sed quidem dignissimos est officia necessitatibus sed qui. Similique
odit qui id nostrum corporis autem quas enim.

Sunt placeat eum architecto tempora non. Est libero aut repellat mollitia. Quisquam non quia
et id est repellat qui aspernatur.
Animi ut sit quaerat. Dignissimos enim esse autem qui sed aut optio a. Debitis facilis aut
eaque alias exercitationem quia impedit. Maiores vitae id odio est inventore.

Aut accusamus et et vel sint. Quo ducimus dolor nemo quia libero autem. Assumenda est voluptas
debitis in libero.
Illo sit deleniti tenetur nisi. Reiciendis et odit fugiat velit hic. Quo nisi deserunt sit.
229

http://faker.rubyforge.org/rdoc
Array
rand shuffle
Faker::Address
city city_prefix city_suffix secondary_address street_address
street_name street_suffix uk_country uk_county uk_postcode us_state
us_state_abbr zip_code
Faker::Company
bs catch_phrase name suffix
Faker::Internet
domain_name domain_suffix domain_word email free_email user_name
Faker::Lorem
paragraph paragraphs sentence sentences words
Faker::Name
first_name last_name name prefix suffix
Faker::PhoneNumber
phone_number 230

http://cukes.info 231

DSL

Rails Test

Rails Code 233

DSL features
scenarios

Rails Test steps

Rails Code 233

$ sudo gem install cucumber
Password:
Successfully installed term-ansicolor-1.0.4
Successfully installed polyglot-0.2.6
Successfully installed treetop-1.3.0
Successfully installed diff-lcs-1.1.2
Successfully installed builder-2.1.2
Successfully installed cucumber-0.3.92
6 gems installed
Installing ri documentation for term-ansicolor-1.0.4...
Installing ri documentation for polyglot-0.2.6...
Installing ri documentation for treetop-1.3.0...
(...)
Installing RDoc documentation for diff-lcs-1.1.2...
Installing RDoc documentation for builder-2.1.2...
Installing RDoc documentation for cucumber-0.3.92...
234

kiwitter $ script/plugin install git://github.com/brynary/webrat.git
Initialized empty Git repository in .../kiwitter/vendor/plugins/webrat/.git/
remote: Counting objects: 275, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (236/236), done.
remote: Total 275 (delta 36), reused 170 (delta 20)
Receiving objects: 100% (275/275), 5.07 MiB | 154 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (36/36), done.
From git://github.com/brynary/webrat
* branch HEAD -> FETCH_HEAD
= Webrat - Ruby Acceptance Testing for Web applications
...
== Description

Webrat lets you quickly write expressive and robust acceptance tests for a Ruby
web application.

235

kiwitter $ sudo gem install nokogiri
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed nokogiri-1.3.3
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for nokogiri-1.3.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for nokogiri-1.3.3...

236

kiwitter $ script/generate cucumber
create features/step_definitions
create features/step_definitions/webrat_steps.rb
create config/environments/cucumber.rb
create features/support
create features/support/env.rb
create features/support/paths.rb
exists lib/tasks
create lib/tasks/cucumber.rake
create script/cucumber

237

kiwitter $ script/generate feature users_and_updates
exists features/step_deﬁnitions
create features/manage_users_and_updates.feature
create features/step_deﬁnitions/users_and_updates_steps.rb

239

DSL

Rails Test

Rails Code 240

Teste de
aceitação
gerado pelo
Cucumber

241

modiﬁcado para o kiwitter 242

kiwitter $ rake features
/opt/local/bin/ruby -I "/opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/cucumber-0.3.92/lib:lib" "/opt/local/lib/
ruby/gems/1.8/gems/cucumber-0.3.92/bin/cucumber" --format pretty features/
manage_users_and_updates.feature
Feature: Post update messages
In order to make my life widely public
As a User
I want to post short messages describing what I am doing

Scenario: Post new messages # features/manage_users_and_updates.feature:6
Given I am at users home page # features/manage_users_and_updates.feature:7
And I have entered a text message up to 140 chars # features/manage_users_and_updates.feature:8
When I press post # features/manage_users_and_updates.feature:9
Then the message should be registered # features/manage_users_and_updates.feature:10

1 scenario (1 undefined)
4 steps (4 undefined)
0m0.653s

...

243

...

You can implement step definitions for undefined steps with these
snippets:

Given /Î am at users home page$/ do
pending
end

Given /Î have entered a text message up to 140 chars$/ do
pending
end

When /Î press post$/ do
pending
end

Then /^the message should be registered$/ do
pending
end

244

DSL

Rails Test

Rails Code 245

Feature steps
gerados pelo

script/generate
feature

246

...

You can implement step definitions for undefined steps with
these snippets:

pending
end

Given /^I have entered a text message up to 140 chars$/ do
pending
end

When /^I press post$/ do
pending
end

Then /^the message should be registered$/ do
pending
end
247

/opt/local/bin/ruby -I "/opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/cucumber-0.3.92/lib:lib" "/opt/
local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/cucumber-0.3.92/bin/cucumber" --format pretty features/
manage_users_and_updates.feature
As a User

Scenario: Post new messages
Given I am at users home page
TODO (Cucumber::Pending)
features/manage_users_and_updates.feature:7:in `Given I am at users home page'
And I have entered a text message up to 140 chars
When I press post
Then the message should be registered

1 scenario (1 pending)
4 steps (3 skipped, 1 pending)
0m0.134s
248

features/manage_users_and_updates.feature:7:in `Given I am at users home page'

visit "users/home"
end

249

...
users_controller.home
features/manage_users_and_updates.feature:8:in `And I
have entered a text message up to 140 chars'
When I press post

4 steps (2 skipped, 1 pending, 1 passed)
0m0.260s 250

features/manage_users_and_updates.feature:8:in `And I have entered a
text message up to 140 chars'

251

kiwitter $ cucumber features/manage_users_and_updates.feature
As a User

When I press post
features/manage_users_and_updates.feature:9:in `When I press post'

4 steps (1 skipped, 1 pending, 2 passed)
0m0.305s
252

When I press post
features/manage_users_and_updates.feature:9:in `When I press post'

253

kiwitter $ cucumber features/manage_users_and_updates.feature
As a User

When I press post
features/manage_users_and_updates.feature:10:in `Then the
message should be registered'

4 steps (1 pending, 3 passed)
0m0.282s 254

features/manage_users_and_updates.feature:10:in `Then the message should be registered'

?
255

webrat

http://github.com/brynary/webrat/tree/master 256

kiwitter $ script/plugin install git://github.com/brynary/webrat.git
Initialized empty Git repository in .../kiwitter/vendor/plugins/webrat/.git/
remote: Counting objects: 275, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (236/236), done.
remote: Total 275 (delta 36), reused 170 (delta 20)
Receiving objects: 100% (275/275), 5.07 MiB | 125 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (36/36), done.
From git://github.com/brynary/webrat
* branch HEAD -> FETCH_HEAD
(= Webrat - Ruby Acceptance Testing for Web applications

- http://gitrdoc.com/brynary/webrat
- http://groups.google.com/group/webrat
- http://webrat.lighthouseapp.com/
- http://github.com/brynary/webrat
- #webrat on Freenode
(...)

257

http://www.zenspider.com/ZSS/Products/ZenTest/ 258

http://www.michaelleung.us/koujou 259

http://eigenclass.org/hiki/rcov 260

$ sudo gem install rcov
Password:
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed rcov-0.8.1.2.0
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for rcov-0.8.1.2.0...
Installing RDoc documentation for rcov-0.8.1.2.0...

261

$ rcov --version
rcov 0.8.1.2 2007-11-22

262

kiwitter $ ./script/plugin install --force http://svn.codahale.com/rails_rcov
+ ./MIT-LICENSE
+ ./README
+ ./tasks/rails_rcov.rake

http://agilewebdevelopment.com/plugins/rails_rcov 263

kiwitter $ rake -T | grep rcov
rake doc:plugins:rails_rcov
rake test:proﬁle:clobber_rcov
rake spec:clobber_rcov
rake test:proﬁle:rcov
rake spec:rcov
rake test:recent:clobber_rcov
rake test:benchmark:clobber_rcov
rake test:recent:rcov
rake test:benchmark:rcov
rake test:test:clobber_rcov
rake test:functionals:clobber_rcov
rake test:test:rcov
rake test:functionals:rcov
rake test:uncommitted:clobber_rcov
rake test:integration:clobber_rcov
rake test:uncommitted:rcov
rake test:integration:rcov
rake test:units:clobber_rcov
rake test:plugins:clobber_rcov
rake test:units:rcov
rake test:plugins:rcov

264

kiwitter $ rake test:units:rcov
+----------------------------------------------------+-------+-------+--------+
| File | Lines | LOC | COV |
+----------------------------------------------------+-------+-------+--------+
|.../ruby/1.8/gems/sqlite3-ruby-1.2.5/lib/sqlite3.rb | 1 | 1 | 100.0% |
|...gems/sqlite3-ruby-1.2.5/lib/sqlite3/constants.rb | 49 | 44 | 97.7% |
|.../gems/sqlite3-ruby-1.2.5/lib/sqlite3/database.rb | 721 | 340 | 40.3% |
|...3-ruby-1.2.5/lib/sqlite3/driver/native/driver.rb | 219 | 180 | 48.3% |
|....8/gems/sqlite3-ruby-1.2.5/lib/sqlite3/errors.rb | 68 | 58 | 84.5% |
|...8/gems/sqlite3-ruby-1.2.5/lib/sqlite3/pragmas.rb | 271 | 190 | 45.8% |
|...gems/sqlite3-ruby-1.2.5/lib/sqlite3/resultset.rb | 180 | 114 | 72.8% |
|...gems/sqlite3-ruby-1.2.5/lib/sqlite3/statement.rb | 231 | 128 | 50.0% |
|...ems/sqlite3-ruby-1.2.5/lib/sqlite3/translator.rb | 109 | 64 | 20.3% |
|...1.8/gems/sqlite3-ruby-1.2.5/lib/sqlite3/value.rb | 57 | 44 | 29.5% |
|app/controllers/application_controller.rb | 48 | 21 | 23.8% |
|app/controllers/sessions_controller.rb | 32 | 9 | 22.2% |
|app/controllers/updates_controller.rb | 85 | 60 | 13.3% |
|app/controllers/users_controller.rb | 89 | 63 | 14.3% |
|app/helpers/application_helper.rb | 3 | 2 | 100.0% |
|app/helpers/sessions_helper.rb | 3 | 2 | 100.0% |
|app/helpers/updates_helper.rb | 2 | 2 | 100.0% |
|app/helpers/users_helper.rb | 8 | 5 | 40.0% |
|app/models/update.rb | 5 | 4 | 100.0% |
|app/models/user.rb | 8 | 6 | 100.0% |
+----------------------------------------------------+-------+-------+--------+
|Total | 2189 | 1337 | 46.3% |
265
+----------------------------------------------------+-------+-------+--------+

Minicurso de TestesOnRails

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